14 results on '"westernization"'
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2. Liberalism: the missing piece in Turkey's political development.
- Author
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Kubicek, Paul
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL development , *LIBERALISM , *CIVIL rights , *WESTERNIZATION ,TURKISH history - Abstract
Prominent themes in Turkey's political development are modernization and Westernization, notions that carry with them a particular teleology in terms of expected political outcomes. While Turkey has, over several decades, modernized in several respects, Westernization has arguably been much more limited, particularly in terms of embracing political liberalism. This paper scrutinizes its failure to take root in Turkey, noting how a congruence of factors at both the mass and elite levels tends to work against policies that would embrace individual rights and freedoms, pluralism, and a more limited role for the state. It focuses in particular on three periods in Turkish history when liberalism could have potentially been adopted, but ultimately failed to succeed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Turkey makes its own car: automotive ventures and the cars of the revolution.
- Author
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Kurtgözü, Aren Emre
- Subjects
- *
REVOLUTIONS , *AUTOMOBILE industry , *AUTOMOBILES , *TURKS , *WESTERNIZATION , *LITERARY criticism ,TURKISH history - Abstract
This paper focuses on the history of Turkey's efforts to establish a national automotive industry, which culminated in a state-driven project to build a Turkish automobile, the Devrim (Revolution), in 1961. The outcome of the project was three prototypes unveiled in Republic Day ceremonies, but quickly left in oblivion afterwards. This paper investigates the possible causes of the termination of the project, arguing that building a Turkish car had great symbolic significance for the identity of a nation in the quest for modernization and Westernization. The project was difficult to sustain considering the vexed political and ideological motivations invested in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The rise of populism? Comparing incumbent pro-Islamic parties in Turkey and Morocco.
- Author
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Kirdiş, Esen and Drhimeur, Amina
- Subjects
- *
POPULISM , *ISLAM & politics , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *WESTERNIZATION ,TURKISH politics & government - Abstract
How do pro-Islamic parties evolve during their incumbencies as opposed to their years in the opposition? Adapting a most different systems approach, this study will discuss this question by looking at the similar political evolution of two incumbent pro-Islamic parties, the AKP and the PJD, in two different political contexts, that of secular democratic Turkey and of authoritarian Morocco where the King claims Islamic legitimacy. Borrowing from the literature on populism in Europe and in Latin America, this study will test the expectations of the inclusion-moderation literature for incumbent pro-Islamic parties. It will argue that incumbent pro-Islamic parties have evolved into populist parties that (1) combine a thin-centered understanding of political Islam with other ideologies in order to consolidate their electoral appeal among diverse constituents and (2) see themselves as the representatives of a marginalized majority, adapt anti-elitism, and engage in political reforms in the name of bringing the will of the majority into power. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Turkey Discovers Sub-Saharan Africa: The Critical Role of Agents in the Construction of Turkish Foreign-Policy Discourse.
- Author
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Bacik, Gökhan and Afacan, Isa
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *ECONOMICS & politics , *HUMANITARIANISM , *WESTERNIZATION ,FOREIGN relations of Turkey, 1980- - Abstract
Turkey is in the process of formulating its new foreign-policy discourse on Sub-Saharan Africa. The emerging discourse is reaching for old themes like Ottomanism and Islamic humanitarianism, and for newer themes such as “the trading-state.” The Turkish experience of Sub-Saharan Africa is not rich, and hence the reliance of actors on themes developed in geographical regions quite other than Sub-Saharan Africa. Typically in the early stages of such discourse, its themes reflect images of the major actors more than the realities. As actors' understanding of a subject area improves, the early themes of a discourse are necessarily adjusted to accommodate the issues that emerge in that area. Adjustment happens also in response to various agents' critical commentaries. It is, therefore, a foregone conclusion that the foreign-policy discourse on Sub-Saharan Africa that has emerged so far will undergo constant adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Is the Westernization Process Losing Pace in Turkey: Who's to Blame?
- Author
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Oğuzlu, Tarik and Kibaroğlu, Mustafa
- Subjects
- *
WESTERNIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *ASSIMILATION (Sociology) , *NATIONAL interest - Abstract
The logic of interest, which has gained considerable ground in foreign policy formulation in Turkey, is not rooted in Western identity, nor is it contingent upon the degree of interaction exclusively with the Western world. The entire world has equal prominence in Turkey's foreign policy orientation. Whether the prevalence of the logic of interest in the formulation of Turkish foreign policy under the “post-Islamist” AKP government signifies a deviation from the Westernization process or whether it is simply a reaction to the conjunctural developments in the international arena in order to preserve Turkey's national interests is seriously debated. This paper aims to contribute to this debate by shedding light on the background of developments both inside and outside Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Transformation of Islamic political identity in Turkey: Rethinking the West and westernization.
- Author
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DAI, HSAN D.
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL parties , *ISLAM , *POLITICAL science ,TURKISH politics & government - Abstract
As opposition to the West and westernization used to be the basis of Islamic political identity in modern Turkey, the recent effort of the Islamists at rethinking this historical positioning, it is argued, has paved the way for the emergence of a new form of Islamic identity as reflected in the program and practice of the ruling Justice and Development Party. Thus this study, first, explains how the positioning of the Islamists vis-à-vis the West and westernization constructed an Islamic political identity; then explores the circumstances that led the Islamists to reconsider their positioning; and finally evaluates the impact of this discursive shift on the identity formation and policy orientation of the ruling Justice and Development Party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Eşiktekiler (Batılılaşmanın İki Ucunda İki Çocuk Tipi: Ömer ve Şermin) Ones At The Threshold (Two Children Types at The End of Both Sides Of Westernization: Ömer And Şermin)
- Author
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Bedia KOÇAKOĞLU
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Ömer’in Çocukluğu Batılılaşma ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,lcsh:D ,Ömer’in Çocukluğu ,Tevfik Fikret ,Westernization ,Muallim Naci ,Şermin - Abstract
Westernization, which is an approach which aims to reach tosocial and scientific of perception of the Western Europe, has beenemerged in Ottoman Empire and took quite different dimensions inRepublican Turkey. This idea firstly appeared as moderate in Ottomantimes, in addition to this sometimes appeared in different dimensionswhich criticize our radical-traditional cultural elements and becomeopposed to them.In this context, firstly problems in the social and political orderhas been tried to overcome, and then small-scale reform movements,works of out of government groups suggesting that connection ofreforms with modernity project is essential, finally transformation ofempire to nation-state has completed by disperse of the empire.Tanzimat period was quite tricky for Ottoman Empire which hasexperienced these phases. “West” which was managed to be handledespecially in social life, art and literature contexts, could find a way foritself. Westernization had started to be experienced more radical andFrench literature was taken as sample for art and literature in Servet-iFünun (Fortune of Sciences) period, which was following Tanzimatperiod.In this respect, the Tanzimat is more Eastern when comparedwith Servet-i Fünun, than there are two intellectual types remained inthis period: first ones are confused intellectuals of the second period ofTanzimat and seconds are the ones who were trying to be as aWesterner. These two types of intellectuals tried to live and keep alivetheir own perception of “West”; dreamed next generation in thisdirection.In that case, looking at perception of Muallim Naci, one of theartists of second period of Tanzimat, who appears more Westerner andperception of westerner Tevfik Fikret about children, may be moresignificant to figure out how they drew a future from two differentfronts. In our study a comparison of these two points of views will bepracticed and basics of this comparison are two works: Ömer’inÇocukluğu (Omar’s Chilhood) of Muallim Naci and Şermin of TevfikFikret. With this method, childhood of Muallim Naci which might becaused him to be mixed up in an affair and childhood of Fikret whichmight give birth to Haluk can be observed. Batıcılık, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda başlayıp Cumhuriyet Türkiye’sinde oldukça farklı boyutlara varan ve Batı Avrupa’nın sosyal ve bilimsel algısını, ulaşılması gereken bir hedef olarak gören yaklaşımdır. Bu görüş ilk olarak Osmanlı’da bazen ılımlı bir biçimde ortaya çıkmış, bazen çok köktenci-geleneksel kültür öğelerimizi eleştiren boyutlar kazanmıştır.Bu bağlamda öncelikle sosyal ve siyasal düzenin içinde, yaşanılan sorunların giderilmesine çalışılmış, ardından küçük çapta reform hareketleri ve modernite projesiyle ilişki kurmanın zorunlu olduğunu öneren yönetim dışındaki grupların çalışmaları eklenmiş, en nihayetinde de imparatorluğun dağılarak, ulus-devlete dönüşmesi gerçekleşmiştir.Bu evreleri yaşamış olan Osmanlı’da bu süreç -Tanzimat dönemi başta olmak üzere- oldukça netameli geçmiştir. Özellikle sosyal hayat, sanat ve edebiyat bağlamında ele alınmaya çalışılan Batı, öncelikle bu dönemde kendine sızacak bir aralık bulmuştur. Bunu izleyen Servet-i Fünun ise Batılılaşmanın daha kökten yaşanmaya başladığı bir devir olmuş, sanat ve edebiyatta özellikle Fransız edebiyatı örnek alınmıştır.Bu açıdan bakıldığında Tanzimat, Servet-i Fünun’a göre daha Doğulu kalmış, ortaya kafası karışmış ikinci dönem Tanzimat aydını ile Batılı olmaya çalışan aydın tipi çıkmıştır. Bu iki sınıf kendi algıladıkları Batıyı yaşamış ve yaşatmaya gayret etmiş, bu doğrultuda da bir gelecek nesil hayali kurmuşlardır.Şu halde daha Doğulu bir görünüm arz ederek Tanzimat’ın ikinci dönem sanatçılarından olan Muallim Naci ile Batılı Tevfik Fikret’in çocuk algısına bakmak, bu iki neslin iki farklı cepheden nasıl bir gelecek çizdiğini görmek adına anlamlı olacaktır. Çalışmamızda Muallim Naci’nin Ömer’in Çocukluğu eseri ile Fikret’in Şermin’i esas alınarak Batılılaşmanın bu iki bakış açısından bir mukayesesi yapılacaktır. Bu yolla Fikret’in Haluk’unu doğuran çocuk ile Muallim Naci’nin arada kalmışlığına sebep olan çocukluğu izlenebilecektir.
- Published
- 2013
9. Şeyhülislam Bahâyî Efendi’nin Gazelinin Divan Şiirine Yöneltilen Eleştiriler Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi An Analysis With The Ode (lyric) of Şeyhülislam Bahayi Efendi in The Frame of Criticism Directed to Ottoman Poetry
- Author
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Kenan YAVUZ
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,criticism Divan Şiiri ,Ottoman Poetry ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,lcsh:D ,Batılılaşma ,Westernization ,eleştiri - Abstract
Divan poetry has managed to attract attention as a tradition that continues for centuries without a sigrificant change with a deep-rooted history that makes us feel the impact at periods when it is heavily critized and even today. It is jarred by the blows from the west whilemaintaining its important impacts which is stil worth dealing with andwhich shows its power since centuries in terms of the theme andcontent. With the advancement of the West in various fields, a desire tocreate a Western understanding of poetry causes diatribe in Ottomanpoetry as a result of wish for innovation that emerged in TanzimatReform era appearing necessity of change and progress neededexplicitly with the beginning of the West’s pressure on the OttomanEmpire.By emphasizing how to be revealed such critics as artistic andheavy language, imagination system, not being national, artificiality andinsincerity, the lack of integrity of the subject and not dealing withsocial issues are tried to exemplify with the investigation on text. Thelyric (ode) of Şeyhülislam Bahâyî Efendi studying the themes such aslove, lover, the beauty and disloyalty of lover, seperation, missing andconvergence in his lyrics (odes), which is one of the beautiful examplesof Ottoman Poetry is chosen though he writes in various poetry typeswith the aim of investigation. The purpose of the study is to pick up allthe assessments directed to Divan Literature and put forward the criticsand anti-thesis against these critics with the examples by investigatingand try to determine the effects on folk poetry and daily poetry,concepts and the way of images which are handled and the structure interms of syntax in the framework of the critics.
- Published
- 2013
10. Madde-Ruh Çatışmasından Simeranya’ya Kaçış: Yalnızız Escape to Simeranya from Item-Spirit Conflict : Yalnızız
- Author
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Adem POLAT
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Simeranya ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,lcsh:D ,Item ,ruh ,çatışma ,Westernization ,Conflict Madde ,batılaşma ,Spirit - Abstract
This article is a consideration of matter-soul conflict which has a close relationship with the thought dimension established upon historical, sociological and cultural ground in the novel of Yalnızız of Peyami Safa, who has a crucial place in the Turkish Novel in the Republic period. The conflict in question and the paradoxes ingrained in society, emerges besides moral corruption. More importantly, Yalnızız is a novel which has the motivation to produce remedial solutions within aplan like Simeranya. In this respect, an utopian fiction, Simeranyaphenomenon’s effect on the character Samim, displays the intellectualground upon which matter-soul conflict built. These grounds do notonly include the ideal of the world the artist yearns for, but also theydisclose the factual values that will be conveyed as a message throughthe confrontation of matter-soul in the center of the novel. Inconsequence, even though it is beyond reality like Simeranya, inYalnızız novel, the crucial parameters for Turkish thought areconsidered on the agenda by Peyami Safa, as a solution suggestion tothe enduringly growing phenomena and which are carried towardstoday since our Westernization history.In other words, Simeranya is a sheltering territory from theanxiety that are felt due the social and actual realm. If it must be told inthe words of the KORA thematic system, Simeranya, is the place whichgathers dialectical affirmation of the conflicting values in thephenomenal realm of the ideal values. This work aims to scrutinize theintellectual grounds that are describable through the theme of mattersoulconfrontation in question. Bu makale Cumhuriyet devri Türk romanında önemli bir yere sahip olan Peyami Safa’nın Yalnızız romanında yer alan tarihsel, sosyolojik ve kültürel zemine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmış olan düşünce boyutuyla yakından ilişki kuran madde-ruh çatışmasının roman üzerindeki bir değerlendirmesidir. Söz konusu çatışma topluma yerleşmiş değerler arasındaki çelişki, ahlâkî yozlaşmanın etrafında cereyan eder. Daha da önemlisi Yalnızız, Simeranya gibi sağaltıcı bir plan dahilinde meselelere çözüm üretme çabası taşıyan bir romandır. Yalnızız romanında bu bağlamda ütopik bir kurgu olan Simeranya olgusunun Samim karakteri üzerindeki etkisi, sözü edilen madde-ruh zıtlığının düşünsel temellerini göz önüne serer. Bu temeller yine sanatkârın özlem duyduğu bir dünya tasavvurunu barındırmakla kalmaz, roman merkezinde verilecek mesajın madde-ruh karşılaşmasındaki olgu değerlerini ortaya çıkarır. Dolayısıyla Türk düşüncesi için de önemli bazı parametreler Yalnızız romanının gündemine alınmış ve Peyami Safa tarafından Batılılaşma tarihimizden beri katlanarak artan ve çözülemeden günümüze kadar gelmiş olguları, Simeranya gibi realite ötesi olsa bile; bir çözüm önerisiyle ele alır. Başka bir deyişle Simeranya, toplumsal ve real alandan duyulan kaygının korunak bölgesidir. KORA tematik sistemiyle söylemek gerekirse Simeranya, karşı değerlerin diyalektik olumlayıcılığını yani ülkü değerleri fenomen alanında toplayan bir mekandır. İşte bu çalışma mevzu bahis değer karılaşmasının made-ruh izleğindeki tarif edilebilir düşünsel temellerini irdelemeyi amaç edinir.
- Published
- 2012
11. GERMANOPHILE MOIZ KOHEN’S, OR AS HE NAMED HIMSELF, TEKIN ALP’S ADMIRATION OF GERMAN CULTURE / GERMANY BİR GERMANOFİL OLARAK MOİZ KOHEN’İN VEYA KENDİ İSİMLENDİRMESİYLE TEKİN ALP’İN ALMAN HAYRANLIĞI
- Author
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Nurettin GEMİCİ
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,lcsh:D ,Tekinalp ,Batılılaşma ,Türkiye’de Alman etkisi ,Westernization ,The german influence in Turkey Tekin Alp - Abstract
With westernization and increased bigotry reaching the level of western countries, it manifested itself in each area differently, with the Tanzimat the progress (westernization) became faster. The schools were no longer employed by members of the military, but ordinary citizens, who also became teachers after academics were employed. The author whose real name was Moiz Kohen, but known as Munis Tekinalp, esearched the adoption of a German teaching system at he Darülfünun and Turkish militaries. He researched the way of life of German students, scientists, and military personnel; his results were discussed in two different cience magazine articles. These articles covered the way of life of the students and military personnel, detailing every aspect, right down to the nuts & bolts (nitty gritty....slang) of their lives, literally. Batılılaşma ve batılı ülkelerin düzeyine erişmek için gösterilen efor her dönemde başka bir ifade biçimi göstermişti. Tanzimat’la birlikte bu gayretler daha da hızlandı. Artık askeri uzmanların yerine okullarda çalıştırılmak üzere öğretmenler gelmeye başlamıştı. Bunları daha sonra mürebbiyeler ve üniversitelerde görevli öğretim görevlileri takip etti. Asıl ismi Moiz Kohen olan fakat daha çok müstear adı olan Munis Tekin Alp Alman modelini Türkiye’de kabul görmesi için Alman öğrencileri, ilim adamları ve askeri personelin hayat tarzlarını Darülfünun’a ve Türk ordusuna uyarlamak için Bilgi mecmuasında iki makalede araştırmıştı. Bu makalelerde Alman öğrencilerinin ve askeri personelin hayatları ve günlük yaşayışlarının en küçük ayrıntılarına kadar basit ve yalın bir anlatımla kaleme almıştır. Tekin Alp’in bu dönemsel değişimlerini içine alacak biçimde konu değerlendirilerek Türkiye için aranan model ülke arayışları irdelenmiştir.
- Published
- 2009
12. AUTOMOBILE AND SELFHOOD: CAR NARRATIVES IN TURKISH LITERATURE / OTOMOBİL VE BENLİK: TÜRK EDEBİYATINDA ARABA OLGUSU
- Author
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Dr. Seyit Battal UĞURLU
- Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Turkish novel ,westernization ,lcsh:History (General) and history of Europe ,lcsh:D ,alienation ,car narratives ,automobile and selfhood ,modernization - Abstract
The automobile that entered into the Turkish novelwith Recaizâde Mahmut Ekrem's Car Affairs, in onerespect, is one of the status determinant in traditionalTurkish culture that has taken part instead of horse. Theautomobiles power is still measured as horse powerwhich has close psycho-cultural ties with the discourse of'horse, woman and the gun', that is considerable code oftraditional Turkish culture. Thinking its accreditation ofcapacity of speed performance it can be stressed thatautomobiles have changeable genders depending on menand women. When producing new models, cardesignator’s inspiration is greatly feminity and body ofwomen. Becoming one of the attractive ways of selfrealization of individuals, the automobile, protects usagainst lack of confidence of the external, presentsindividuals a lot of opportunities. Automobile’sattractiveness comes from its power to provide manypossibilities of supremacy over pedestrian way of life aswell as gigantic prosperous life style. The reflections ofthis important device of modern world seems in theTurkish literature parallel with social life. In YellowTractor by Talip Apaydın, Slender Rose of my Thought byAdalet Ağaoğlu, “The Clown Rusen” by Sevim Burak andIcy Swords by Latife Tekin narration can be mentioned afocus on human technology relation as a social fact. “TheCold” by Ömer Seyfettin, “The Spare Part of Civilization”by Aziz Nesin, and “Jaguar” by Peride Celâl focuses on automobile and its social reflections. A close scrutinyhas been conducted into cars as an important mediumof self identification within the context of modern man,its reflections in Turkish literature with provocativepsycho-social factors though a critical and analyticalpoint of view.
- Published
- 2009
13. Discussions on the Language of Prayer in Turkey: A Modern Version of the Classical Debate
- Author
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Necmettin Gökkir and Hidayet Aydar
- Subjects
History ,Turkish republic ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Media studies ,Subject (philosophy) ,Islam ,Prayer ,Nationalism ,State (polity) ,Political Science and International Relations ,Sociology ,Social science ,Period (music) ,media_common ,Westernization - Abstract
This essay deals with a subject that has been discussed since the beginnings of Islam and has recently occupied the agenda of modern Islam, especially in the Turkish Republic. The paper addresses the issue of praying in a non‐Arabic language and in a non‐traditional format. In this study, the overall aim is to demonstrate that an attempt has been made to reshape and reconfigure religious life in Turkey through the state policies of Westernization and nationalism. However, the reason for the transformation is associated with an old debate. This study thus will discuss first the classical debate and then contextualize the new version within the Republican period, the main stage for the transformation of the prayer form.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Atatürk and the future of Turkey
- Author
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Andrew Mango
- Subjects
History ,Politics ,Internationalism (politics) ,Political science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Law ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economic history ,Secularism ,The Republic ,Democracy ,Westernization ,media_common - Abstract
Turkey ended the 1990s in a tumult of economic difficulties and political successes. As Turkey forges ahead into the new millennium, striving for domestic stability and a strong foreign presence, the legacy of the Republic's founder — Ataturk — is ever‐present, and includes Westernization, internationalism, democracy, and secularism as the basic principles that will guide the Republic's progress.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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