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Objectives: Morus alba L., Morus nigra L., and Morus rubra L. are widely cultivated in many countries due to their nutritive, economic, and medicinal value. In this study, comparative morphological and anatomical studies on three common Morus L. species found in Turkey were carried out. According to the results, differences regarding the morphological and anatomical features of these species were described, and the data were displayed in detailed photographs. Materials and Methods: Specimens collected from different provinces of Turkey were studied. In the anatomical studies, investigations were performed on transversal and superficial sections of the leaves. All sections were stained with chloral hydrate and Sartur solution and were then examined using an Olympus BH2 light microscope. Results: Significant diagnostic characteristics were found, such as trichome types, stomatal measurements, the stomatal index, and the density ratio of the parenchyma and collenchyma layers. Some morphological features of the leaves also showed prominent differences. Conclusion: Our results may contribute to the taxonomy of Morus species for future work and be helpful in species diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) known as "sığır kuyruğu" in Anatolia is represented by 248 species, 193 of which are endemic. The flowers contain essential oil, mucilage, and glycosides. Some species of Verbascum have some folkloric uses as expectorants, sedatives, and treatment for dysmenorrhea and rheumatalgia. Its use for healing wounds in animal care has also been reported. In this study, the anatomic structures of root, stem, and leaves of Verbascum pestalozzae Boiss. and Verbascum pycnostachyum Boiss. & Heldr. are given for the first time. According to the results, some of the differences between stem and leaf anatomic features of these species were described and the data were supported by detailed photographs. Materials and Methods: Specimens were collected from C3 Antalya: Voucher specimens of V. pestalozzae and V. pycnostachyum were deposited in the Herbarium of the Biology Department, Akdeniz University in Antalya, Turkey and Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University in Eskişehir, Turkey. The materials were identified as V. pestalozzae and V. pycnostachyum using flora of Turkey and the East Aegean islands. For anatomic studies, samples were collected from the natural habitats and kept in 70% alcohol. In the research, root, stem and leaves of mature and flowered plants were used. Investigations were performed on the cross-sections of the root, the flowering stem, and the leaf. The anatomic structures of the species were drawn using a Leitz SM-LUX binocular microscope. All sections were embedded in glycerin gelatin and stained using Sartur reactive, and photographs were taken through a light microscope (Olympus BX51T). Results: The cross sections taken from root, stem, and leaves of V. pestalozzae and V. pycnostachyum were examined and the anatomic features belonging to these plants were determined and compared. Conclusion: The anatomic properties belonging to the two species were generally compatible with findings of Metcalfe and Chalk and others signified in the genus. We believe that our results provide additional evidence for taxonomists to help separate the species. The lack of a taxonomic, morphologic, and anatomic study on the species made it important for the systematic introduction of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T. minus L. is a complex species which has been divided into three varieties in Turkey. These are var. minus, var. majus (Crantz) Crepin and var. microphyllum Boiss. In this study, stem and leaf anatomial features of the varieties were described, compared and some differences have been determined in between the varieties. In transverse sections of stems; the shape of stems, presence or absence of trichomes, the number of vascular bundles and in leaf sections; the structure of the mesophyll and the shape of the epidermal cells were identified as possible differential characters. We believe that our results were carried out to provide additional evidence for taxonomists and it can be help to separate of varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia wiedemannii Boiss. (Lamiaceae) is an endemic plant of the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region. Morphological, anatomical and trichomes properties of the plant were examined in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to describe the micromorphology of trichomes. Two types of glandular trichome were found: peltate and capitate. Morphological properties of various organs of the plant such as stem, leaf and flower were described in detail. As a result, trichomes on stem, pinnatisect leaves, properties of calyx and corolla and type of stamens (A type) were found to be helpful to distinguish Salvia species. In anatomical studies, transverse sections of the stem and leaf were examined and supported by photographs. Anatomical characters such as mesophyll structure in leaves, vascular bundles in leaves and stems and trichome properties provide information of taxonomic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]