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The study aims to determine the secondary metabolites of Hypericum androsaemum L. extracts by liquid chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), and investigate the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the plant. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated by MTT assay, and apoptosis induction abilities on human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) cell lines. Accordingly, major secondary metabolites were found as hederagenin (762 ± 70.10 μg/g) in the leaves dichloromethane (LD), herniarin (167 ± 1.50 μg/g) in fruit dichloromethane (FD), (-)-epicatechin (6538 ± 235.36 μg/g) in the leaves methanol (LM), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (758 ± 20.46 μg/g) in the fruit methanol (FM), and caffeic acid (370 ± 8.88 μg/g) in the fruit water (FW), and (3313 ± 79.51 μg/g) in the leaves water (LW) extracts. LM exerted strong antioxidant activity in DPPH free (IC50 10.94 ± 0.08 μg/mL), and ABTS cation radicals scavenging (IC50 9.09 ± 0.05 μg/mL) activities. FM exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 73.23 ± 3.06 μg/mL and 31.64 ± 2.75 μg/mL on PC-3 and Hep G2 cell lines, respectively. Being the richest extract in terms of quillaic acid (630 ± 18.9 μg/g), which is a well-known cytotoxic triterpenoid with proven apoptosis induction ability on different cells, FM extract showed apoptosis induction activity with 64.75% on PC-3 cells at 50 μg/mL concentration. The study provides promising results about the potential of Hypericum androsaemum on cancer prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essential oils (EOs) constituents have trade importance due to their bioactivities. In this research, the essential oil of the roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty cultivated in Giresun was obtained by hydrodistillation. Then, the chemical composition and biological activities of Chrysopogon zizanioides root essential oil (CEO) were studied. Thirty compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the major compounds were determined as isobutyl-angelate (11.15%), α-muurolene (10.56%), α-cedrene (8.42%), α-patchoulene (8.10%), and ethylene brassylate (7.49%). The antimicrobial effect of CEO was investigated against pathogenic bacteria and fungus. Minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined 31.25 μg/mL against C. albicans and between 62.5 and 125 μg/mL against the rest of the microorganisms. According to the antioxidant assays, the total phenolic content of CEO was found to be 13.70 ± 2.10 μg/mL gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 24.67 ± 3.79 μg/mL catechin equivalent (CE). Ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) of CEO was found to be 356.44 ± 2.34 μM Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) was determined as IC50 to be 7.124 ± 0.076 μg/mL. According to the obtained results, CEO has significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. This study is the first report determining the chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oil obtained from vetiver grown in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a serious disease that can be due to genetic and environmental reasons and is defined by the World Health Organization as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. There is an increasing trend towards herbal slimming products in obesity treatment. The quality control analysis of these products is important for public health. In this study, new, simple, and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography methods were developed for qualitative and quantitative determination of arbutin, hydroquinone, ursolic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and catechin in eleven herbal slimming products in Turkey containing Camellia sinensis, Ilex paraguariensis, and Calluna vulgaris. The intra- and interday precisions, stated as the relative standard deviation, were less than 2% and accuracy, based on relative error, was less than 10%. The limits of detection and quantification for arbutin and hydroquinone were 0.80 and 2.40 μg/mL and for the other compounds were 0.30 and 0.90 μg/mL, respectively. The methods developed can be used for routine quality control analysis of these effective compounds in different herbal slimming products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]