Search

A 23-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with hemoptysis. The chest X-ray showed reticulonodular opacity and multiple cysts throughout the entire lung field. The chest CT scan revealed numerous bilateral cysts with various sizes, some of them with thickened walls. An open lung wedge resection was performed. The resected specimen showed scattered small nodules, 0.3 to 0.6 cm in size. Microscopically, each nodule was composed of atypical glands with an occasional papillary architecture spreading to the alveolar septa, which were morphologically consistent with a papillary adenocarcinoma with a bronchioloalveolar carcinoma growth pattern. Immunochemically, the tumor cells were negative for the S-100 protein. The patient was diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the lung. A variety of diseases can produce or mimic multiple, thin-walled cysts in the lung. Lung cancer with multiple cysts is quite rare. Nevertheless, adenocarcinoma should be a diagnostic consideration. We report a case of a multiple cystic adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Results: IPF patients and control subjects differed in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus as assessed by univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that diabetes mellitus and obesity were associated with IPF. The adjusted odds ratios for diabetes mellitus were 2.733 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.282∼5.827) and 2.001 (95% [CI], 1.063∼3.766) for obesity. The remaining factors tested showed no differences between the patient group and the control. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and obesity may be associated with IPF development.

연구배경: 황사는 동북아시아에서 자연 발생하는 현상으로, 지름 10μm 이하의 미세먼지(particulate matter 10, PM10)를 다수 포함하여, 흡입하면 하부기관지 및 폐의 가스-교환부분까지 침착 가능하여 호흡기계에 손상을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 황사에 포함된 PM10을 기관지상피세포에 작용시켜 활성산소 및 NF-κB, TGF-β, fibronectin이 증가 여부를 확인하고 섬유화의 신호경로를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 공기포집기로 포집한 PM10 입자를 추출하여 기관지 상피세포인 WI-26 VA4 cells (KCLB)에 PM10을 농도에 맞게 노출시켰다(0, 50, 100μg/ml). ROS는 DCF-DA를 세포에 반응시킨 후 생성된 DCF를 FACScan을 이용해 측정하였다. TGF-β, fibronectin, NFκB는 western blotting으로 분석하였다. 항산화제인 NAC를 이용하여 각 물질의 발현 억제 여부를 측정하였다. 결과: PM10을 가했을 때 대조군에 비하여 50μg/ml, 100μg/ml에서 ROS, TGF-β, fibronectin, NFκB 발현이 유의하게 증가하였고, 항산화제인 NAC를 처리한 세포는 ROS, TGF-β, fibronectin, NFκB의 발현이 50μg/ml, 100μg/ml에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론: 황사의 PM10은 WI-26 VA4 cells에서 ROS 생성을 증가시키고 NF-κB, TGF-β, fibronectin 생성을 증가시켜 섬유화에 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

Background: Residual pleural thickening (RPT) is the most frequent complication of tuberculous pleurisy (TP), and this can happen despite of administering adequate anti-tuberculous (TB) therapy. Yet there was no definite relation between RPT and other variables. The aim of this study was to examine matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and to identify the factors that can predict the occurrence of RPT. Methods: The patients with newly-detected pleural effusions were prospectively enrolled in this study from January 2004 to June 2005. The levels of MMP-1, -2, -8 and -9, and TIMP-1 and -2 were determined in the serum and pleural fluid by ELISA. The residual pleural thickness was measured at the completion of treatment and at the point of the final follow-up with the chest X-ray films. Results: The study included 39 patients with pleural fluid (PF). Twenty-three had tuberculous effusion, 7 had parapneumonic effusion, 7 had malignant effusion and 2 had transudates. For the 17 patients who completed the anti-TB treatment among the 23 patients with TP, 7 (41%) had RPT and 10 (59%) did not. The level of PF TIMP-1 in the patients with RPT () was significantly higher than that of those patients without RPT () at the completion of treatment (p=0.032). In 13 patients who were followed-up until a mean of months after treatment, 2 (15%) had RPT and 11 (85%) did not. The level of PF TIMP-2 in the patients with RPT () was lower than that of those patients without RPT () at the point of the final follow-up (p=0.038). Conclusion: The residual pleural thickening in TP might be related to the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in the pleural fluid.

연구배경: 개흡충증은 한국에서 호산구증다증과 호산구성 폐질환을 일으키는 흔한 원인의 하나이다. 우리는 개흡충증에 의한 호산구성 폐질환의 특장을 분석하였다. 방법: 2001년 9월 1일부터 2006년 3월 30일까지 개회충 2기유충에 의한 호산구증다증으로 진단 받은 141명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 단순 흉부 방사선 촬영. 흉부 컴퓨터단층촬영, 기관지내시경, 기관지폐포세척술과 각종 혈액학적 검사를 시행하였다. 개회충증의 진단은 개회충 2기유충의 순수 분비배설 항원을 사용하였다. 결과: 141명의 환자 중 32명이 개회충에 의한 호산구성 폐질환으로 진단되었다. 젖빛유리양상이 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 지배적으로 23/32명(71.9%)이었다. 13/32명(40.6%)은 무작위적 구역적 분포를 보였다. 흉수액이 9/32명(28.1%)에서 관찰되었다. 28/32명(87.5%)이 호흡기 증상을 호소하였다. 11/32명(34.4%)은 호흡기 증상과 소화기 증상을 동시에 호소하였다. 12/32명(37.5%)에서 간에 국소의 저음영의 침윤을 보였다. 결론: 개회충에 의한 호산구성폐질환의 임상적, 방사선적 특성은 다발성의 결절성 또는 경화성의 젖빛유리음영이 양폐 상하엽에 무작위적 분포를 하는 것이다. 앞으로 우리나라에서 호산구 증다증과 폐침윤을 보이는 성인에서 감별진단을 위해 개회충증의 가능성을 고려해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

연구배경: 특발성 폐섬유화증/통상형 간질성 폐렴은 특발성 간질성 폐렴 중 하나로 세포외 기질의 과도한 침착과 기저막 파괴를 통해 섬유모세포/근섬유모세포가 폐포 내로 이동하면서 발생하는 fibroblast foci가 대표적인 병리학적 현상이며, 결국 비가역적인 섬유화로 진행하는 질환이다. 이에 대하여 기질 분해 효소인 MMPs와 그 길항체인 TIMPs의 과발현이 이러한 병태생리의 한 요인으로 설명되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 특발성 폐섬유화증/통상형 간질성 폐렴을 비롯, 비특이성 간질성 폐렴에서 MMPs와 TIMPs의 발현 양상을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 특발성 폐섬유화증/통상형 간질성 폐렴, 비특이성 간질성 폐렴의 폐 조직을 이용하여 MMP-1,-2,-9, TIMP-1, -2에 대한 면역조직화학염색 검사와 MMP-2, MMP-9에 대한 gelatin zymography를 시행하였다. 면역조직화학염색 검사는 통상형 간질성 폐렴 22, 비특이성 간질성 폐렴 13례 였으며, gelatin zymography는 통상형 간질성 폐렴9, 비특이성 간질성 폐렴 4례, 정상 대조군5례였다. 연구결과: 면역조직화학 염색 검사 결과 섬유모세포/근섬유모세포 부위에서 TIMP-1, -2, MMP-2,9이 관찰 되었고, 특히 통상형 간질성 폐렴에서 비특이성 간질성 폐렴보다 TIMP-2가 강하게 발현되었다. Gelatin zymography 결과는 MMP-2, MMP-9 모두 통상형 간질성 폐렴에서 비특이성 간질성 폐렴보다 유의하게 높은 소견을 보여 주었다. 결론: 통상형 간질성 폐렴에서 비특이성 간질성 폐렴보다 TIMP-2, MMP-2, MMP-9의 과발현을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 이는 통상형 간질성 폐렴의 비가역적인 섬유화 진행에 관여할 가능성이 있음을 추측해 볼 수 있다.

Background: (Particulate matter with a diameter (), which is characterized by different environmental conditions, is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. The Asian dust event caused by meteorological phenomena can also produce unique particulate matter in affected areas. This study investigated the cytokine produced by A549 epithelial cells exposed to particles collected during both the Asian dust pfenomenon and ambient air particles in a non-dusty period. Method: Air samples were collected using a high volume air sampler(Sibata Model HV500F) with an air flow at for at least 6 hours. The cytokine messenger RNA(mRNA) was measured using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The A549 cells were exposed to 10 to of a suspension containing for 24 hours. Each was compared with those in the non-exposed control cells. Result: The mRNA levels of interleukin(IL)-, , IL-8, and the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) increased after veing exposed to in the ambient air particles, compared with those in the non-exposed control cells. The increase in and IL-8 were dose dependent at a concentration between and . The mRNA level of IL-8 in the A549 epithelial cells was higher during the in the Asian dust period() than during the non dust period. Conclusion: A549 cells exposed to the collected during the Asian dust period produce more proinflammatory cytokine than during non-dusty period. This cytokine enhances the local inflammatory response in the airways and can also contribute to the systemic component of this inflammatory process.

Background: Extubation failure was associated with poor prognosis and high hospital mortality. Cuff leak test (CLT) has been proposed as a relatively simple method for detecting laryngeal obstruction that predispose toward postextubation stridor (PES) and reintubation. We examined the risk factors of extubation failure and evaluated the usefulness and limitation of CLT for predicting PES and reintubation. Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients intubated more than 24 hours were examined. The subjects were evaluated daily for extubation readiness, and CLT was performed prior to extubation. Several parameters in the extubation success and failure group were compared. The accuracy and limitation of CLT were evaluated after choosing the thresholds values of the cuff leak volume (CLV) and percentage (CLP). Results: Of the 34 patients studied, 6 (17.6%) developed extubation failure and 3 (8.8%) were accompanied by PES. The patients who had extubation failure were more likely to have a longer duration of intubation and more severe illness. The patients who developed PES had a smaller cuff leak than the others: according to the CLV (22.5±23.8 vs 233.3±147.1ml, p=0.020) or CLP (6.2±7.3 vs 44.3±24.7%, p=0.013). The best cut off values for the CLV and CLP were 50ml and 14.7%, respectively. The sensitivity, negative predictive value, and specificity of CLT were relatively high, but the positive predictive value was low. Conclusion: The likelihood of developing extubation failure increases with increasing severity of illness and duration of intubation. A low CLV or CLP (

Background : Ambient particles during Asian dust events are usually less than in size, and known to be associated with the adverse effects on the general population. There is little evidence linking Asian dust to adverse effects on the airways. In 2002, the authors found that particulate matter during Asian dust events had an effect on the symptoms and pulmonary function of patients with bronchial asthma. An aggravating factor might be that of a viral infection, but this remains unclear. Conversely, it has been speculated that African dust may carry the virus responsible for foot and mouth disease. Asian dust events are also likely to be responsible for transporting viruses, some of which are pathogenic, and common in many environments. Therefore, in this study, air samples were screened for the presence of viruses. Methods : Air samples were collected 20 times each during Asian dust events and under non-dust conditions, for at least 6 hours per sample, using a high volume air sampler (Sibata Model HV500F), with an airflow rate of 500L/min, between April and August 2003, and between April and August 2004. The samples were then screened for the presence of targeted viruses (Influenza A, B, Hog cholera virus, and Aphthovirus) using a polymerase chain reaction method. Results : One Asian dust event occurred between April and August 2003, and 3 between April and August 2004, with a 24 hour average PM10 level of . The 24 hour average PM10 level was . There was a significant difference in the PM10 concentration between dusty and clear days. No viruses (Influenza virus, Aphthovirus, and Hog cholera virus) were identified in the air samples obtained during the dusty days. Conclusions : Although no virus was detected in this study, further studies will be needed to identify suspected viruses carried during Asian dust events, employing more appropriate virus detection conditions.

Background : According to the 2002 consensus report of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) was classified as biopsy proven or probable IPF. Probable IPF is defined as those with distinctive features that allow for a confident diagnosis of IPF/usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) within an appropriate clinical setting. The determination of the clinical course of probable IPF, as diagnosed by the ATS/ERS criteria, was studied. Methods : Between March 1995 and August 2002, 36 patients with probable IPF, from two tertiary referral hospitals, were enrolled in this study. The clinical characteristics, prognostic factors and treatment efficacy of these patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results : The mean age of the subjects was years. The one and 3 year survival rates were 82.4 and 50.3%, respectively, and a median survival period of 42.0 months. The total cell count of bronchoalveolar lavage was higher in the death than the survival group (p

Background : The committee of tuberculosis(TB) survey planning for the year 2000 decided to construct the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System (KTBS), based on a doctor's routine reporting method. The successful keys of the KTBS rely on the precision of the recorded TB notification forms. The purpose of this study was to determine that the accuracy of the TB notification form written at a private general hospital given to the corresponding health center and to improve the comprehensiveness of these reporting systems. Materials and Methods : 291 adult TB patients who had been diagnosed from August 2000 to January 2001, were enrolled in this study. The lists of TB notification forms were compared with the medical records and the various laboratory results; case characteristics, history of previous treatment

Background : The poor prognostic factors of far-advanced pulmonary tuberculosis(FAPTB) are lymphocytopenia in the peripheral blood(PB)(

Background : The management of thoracic empyema and complicated parapneumonic effusion requires adequate antibiotics use and prompt drainage of infected pleural space. Tube thoracostomy for loculated empyema has low success rate and is also an invasive procedure with potential morbidity. Complications include hemothorax, perforation of intra-abdominal or intra-thoracic organs, diaphragmatic laceration, empyema, pulmonary edema, and Horner's syndrome. Given the potential morbidity of traditional chest tube insertion, use of the image-guided pigtail catheter drainage(PCD) of empyema has been employed. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with empyema or complicated parapneumonic effusion to determine the efficacy of percutaneous pigtail catheter drainage. Materials and Methods : 45 patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions or empyema were treated at Gil medical center from January 1998 to June, 1999. All were initially given PCD procedure and the following data were collected: clinical symptoms at the time of diagnosis, alcohol and smoking

Background :A bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) is useful in diagnosing the etiology of bilateral pulmonary infiltrations, but may worsen the oxygenation and clinical status in severely hypoxemic patients. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of the continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP) using a conventional mechanical ventilator via a face mask as a tool for maintaining the oxygenation level during BAL. Methods : Seven consecutive patients with the bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio ≤200 on oxygen 10 L/min via mask with reservoir bag) were enrolled. The CPAP 5-6 cmH2O(FIO2 1.0) was delivered through an inflatable face mask using a conventional mechanical ventilator. The CPAP began 10 min before starting the BAL and continued for 30 min after the

Background : There have been several studies showing that the angiotensin II and angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) contributes to the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and the activation of fibroblasts during the process of pulmonary fibrosis. These results suggest that the pulmonary fibrosis can be inhibited by the angiotensin II receptor antagonist(AGIIRA). This study was performed to identify the therapeutic effect of AGIIRA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF). Method : Thirteen patients with IPF, who were diagnosed with an open lung biopsy(6 patients) and furfilling the ATS criteria(7 patients) between March 1999 and October 2001 at the Gachon medical center, were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, eight patients were treated with a regimen including AGIIRA(AT group), and five were treated without AGIIRA(NT group). The pulmonary function tests and dyspnea(ATS scale) were measured at diagnosis and 1 year after treatment. All the data was collected to analyze the therapeutic effect of AGIIRA on the patients with IPF. Results : The AT group contained 8 patients(M:F=4:4) and the NT group contained 5 patients

연구배경 : 폐활량검사에서 노력성 폐활량(forced vital capacity, FVC)이 감소되었을 때 제한성 환기장애가 있다고 일반적으로 판단한다. 하지만 제한성 환기장애 판정의 정확한 기준은 총폐용량(total lung capacity, TLC)의 감소이다. 본 연구는 폐활량검사 결과에서 FVC가 감소되었을 때 TLC가 감소된 제한성 환기장애를 얼마나 정확히 예측할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1999년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 2년간 폐기능검사실에서 폐활량검사와 폐용적검사를 동일한 날 시행한 성인 환자 1,371명의 폐기능검사 결과를 후향적으로 조사하였다. FVC, $FEV_1$ , TLC는 측정값이 정상 예측값의 80% 미만일 때 감소하였다고 판정하였고, 1초간 노력호기폐활량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비( $FEV_1$ /FVC%)는 측정값이 70% 미만일 때 감소하였다고 판정하였다. 결 과 : 1,371례 중 FVC가 감소한 환자는 353례였으며 이 중 TLC가 감소된 경우는 186례로 양성예측률은 52.7%이었다. FVC가 정상인 1,018례 중 TLC가 감소한 경우는 45례로 음성예측률은 96.6%이었다. 폐활량검사에서 제한성 환기장애( $FEV_1$ /FVC 정상, FVC 감소)를 보인 196례 중 TLC가 감소된 경우는 148례로 양성예측률은 75.5%이었다. 폐활량검사에서 혼합성 환기장애( $FEV_1$ /FVC 감소, FVC 감소)를 보인 157례 중 TLC가 감소된 경우는 38례로 양성예측률은 24.2%이었다. 혼합성 환기장애를 보인 196례 중 FVC와 $FEV_1$ 의 예측값에 대한 비율이 15% 미만의 차이를 보인 60례에서 TLC의 감소를 보인 경우는 34례(56.7%)였다. 결 론 : 제한성 환기장애를 배제하는 데는 폐활량검사가 유용하다. 하지만 폐활량검사에서 FVC가 감소된 환자에서 제한성 환기장애의 유무는 TLC의 측정을 통해 확인하는 것이 필요하리라 사료된다. 【Background : Low spirometric forced vital capacity(FVC) in conjunction with a normal or high ratio of the forced expiratory volume at 1 second to the forced vital capacity( $FEV_1$ /FVC%) has traditionally been classified as a restrictive abnormality. However, the gold-standard diagnosis of a restrictive pulmonary impairment requires a measurement of the total lung capacity (TLC). This study was performed to determine the predictive value of spirometric measurements of the FVC for diagnosing a restrictive pulmonary abnormality. Methods : Test results from 1,371 adult patients who undertook both spirometry and lung volume measurements on the same visit from January 1999 to December 2000 were enrolled in this study. The test values for the FVC, the TLC that was below 80% of predicted value, and a $FEV_1$ /FVC% that was below 70%, were classified as being abnormal. Results : Of the 1,371 patients, 353 patients had a reduced a FVC. Of these patients, 186 patients had a reduced TLC. Therefore, the positive predictive value was 52.7%. Of the 196 patients with a normal $FEV_1$ /FVC% and a reduced FVC, 148(75.5%) patients had a lower TLC. Thirty eight (24.2%) patients out of 157 patients with a low $FEV_1$ /FVC% and a low FVC showed a restrictive defect. Conclusion : Spirometry is useful to rule out a restrictive pulmonary abnormality, but a restrictive pattern on the spirometry dose not mean there is a true restrictive disease. For the patients with a low FVC, TLC measurements are essential for diagnosing a restrictive pulmonary impairment.】

배 경 : 황사는 주로 $10{\mu}m$ 이하의 미세먼지( $PM_{10}$ )로서 $PM_{10}$ 의 증가는 황사현상의 증가와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있다. $PM_{10}$ 은 그 크기로 보아 호흡기에 침착이 가능하고 따라서 호흡기 증상 및 폐기능에 영향을 미칠 수 있올 것으로 생각되나 아직 이에 대한 연구는 없었다. 이에 연구자들은 천식으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 황사 기간 중에 $PM_{10}$ 을 포함한 대기오염물질이 호흡기증상 및 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 인천지역 거주자이고 천식으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 2002년 3월 2일부터 6월 14일까지 매일 최소 2회 이상의 최대호기유속 측정, 속효성 기관지 확장제 사용회수, 야간 증상, 증상 점수, 설외활동량 등을 기록하였다. 또한 대기오염지수인 $PM_{10}$ , $SO_2$ , $NO_2$ , $O_3$ , 황사발생일, 기온 및 습도를 측정하여 이들과 최대호기유속 및 변동률, 증상과의 관련성, 야간 증상 및 속효성 기관지확장제 사용회수 등의 연관성을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 대상환자는 남자 31 명, 여자 33명으로 평균 연령은 $46.1{\pm}14.1$ 세, FEV1은 $2.2{\pm}0.9L$ , FEV1%는 $71.5{\pm}24.9%$ 이었다. 연구 기간 중 황사 발생일은 총 14일이었으며, $PM_{10}$ 수치는 황사발생일에 $188.5{\pm}163.0{\mu}g/m^3$ , 비황사발생일에 $60.1{\pm}19.9{\mu}g/m^3$ 로 황사 발생기간 동안에 높게 측정되었다(p $PM_{10}$ 이 높은 날에는 대상 환자의 오전 및 오후 최대 호기유속이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며(p $SO_2$ , $NO_2$ , $O_3$ 등 다른 대기오염지수와 증상 및 최대호기유속의 변화는 상관성이 없었다(p>0.05). CO는 황사와 관계없이 천식환자에서 최대 호기유속 변동률 및 평균 최대호기유속에 영향을 미치고 있었다(p 【Background : Ambient particles during Asian dust events are usually sized less than $10{\mu}m$ , known to be associated with the adverse effects on the general populations. But, there has been no considerable evidence linking these particles to the adverse effects on airways. The objectives of this study was to investigate the possible adverse effects of Asian dust events on respiratory function and symptoms in subjects with bronchial asthma. Patients and Methods : From march to June 2002, Asthmatic patients who were diagnosed with bronchial challenge test or bronchodilator response were enrolled. We divided them into three groups; mild, moderate, and severe, according to the severity. Subjects with other organ insufficiency such as heart, kidney, liver, and malignancy were excluded. All patients completed twice daily diaries and recorded peak flow rate, respiratory symptom, and daily activity. Daily and hourly mean pollutant levels of particulate matter $10{\mu}m$ in diameter( $PM_{10}$ ), nitrogen dioxide( $NO_2$ ), sulphur dioxide( $SO_2$ ), ozone( $O_3$ ) and carbon monoxide(CO) were measured at the 10 different monitoring sites. Results : Dust events occured 14 times during the study period. Daily averages of 4 air pollutant were measured with an increased level of $PM_{10}$ , decreased level of $NO_2$ and $SO_2$ , and no change in CO during dust days compared to those during control days. An increase in $PM_{10}$ concentration was associated with an increase of subjects with PEF variability of >20% (p $PM_{10}$ level and bronchodialtor inhaler, and daytime respiratory symptoms. Conclusion : This study shows evidence that ambient air pollution, especially $PM_{10}$ , during Asian dust events, could be one of the many aggravating factors at least in patients with airway diseases. This data can be used as a primary source to set up a new policy on air environmental control and to evaluate the safety of air pollution index. We also expect that this research will help identify precise components of dust, which are more linked to the adverse effects.】

Background: The opitmal ventilator setting during partial liquid ventilation(PLV) is controversial. This study investigated the effects of various gas exchange parameters during PLV in normal rabbit lungs in order to aid in the development of an optimal ventilator setting during PLV. Methods: Seven New-Zealand white rabbits were ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with the following settings; tidal volume() 8 mL/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP) 4 , inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio(I:E ratio) 1:2, fraction of inspired oxygen() 1.0. The respiration rate(RR) was adjusted to keep between 35~45 mmHg. The ventilator settings were changed every 30 min in the following sequence : (1) Baseline, as the basal ventilator setting, (2) Inverse ratio, I:E ratio 2:1, (3) high PEEP, adjust PEEP to achieve the same mean inspiratory pressure (MIP) as in the inverse ratio, (4) High , 15 mL/kg, (5) high RR, the same minute ventilation (MV) as in the High . Subsequently, the same protocol was repeated after instilling 18 mL/kg of perfluorodecalin for PLV. The parameters of gas exchange, lung mechanics, and hemodynamics were examined. Results: (1) The gas ventilation(GV) group showed no significant changes in the at all phases. The was lower and the pH was higher at the high and high RR phases(p for the PLV was mmHg. This was significantly lower when decreased compared to the baseline for GV which was mmHg(p=0.001). During PLV, the , was significantly higher at the high PEEP( mmHg) and high ( mmHg) phases compared with the baseline phase. However, it did not change significantly during the inverse I:E ratio or the high RR phases. (3) The was significantly lower at high and RR phases for both the GV and PLV. During the PLV, were significantly higher compared to the GV (p and PEEP are important for optimal oxygenation.

배 경: 폐 결핵종은 흉부 방사선 사진에서 고립성 폐 결절 또는 종괴 형태로 나타나는 병변으로 임상적으로는 폐암과 감별이 필요한 병변이다. 폐 결핵종의 치료에 대하여 아직 확립된 기준이 없으며 폐 결핵종의 치료에 대하여 아직 확립된 기준이 없으며 폐 결핵종의 항결핵제 치료 후 임상상의 변화에 관한 보고는 드물...