35 results on '"McManus, C"'
Search Results
2. Study on environmental indices and heat tolerance tests in hair sheep
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Seixas, L., de Melo, C. B., Menezes, A. M., Ramos, A. F., Paludo, G. R., Peripolli, V., Tanure, C. B., Costa Junior, J. B. G., and McManus, C.
- Published
- 2017
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3. Different methods of assessing udder temperature through thermography and their relation with rectal temperature
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Stumpf, Marcelo T., primary, McManus, C. M., additional, Daltro, D. S., additional, Alfonzo, E. P. M., additional, Dalcin, V., additional, Kolling, G. J., additional, Vieira, R. A., additional, Louvandini, H., additional, Fischer, V., additional, and da Silva, M. V. G. B., additional
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- 2020
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4. Genetic spatialization in Montana cattle breed.
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da Silva Costa N, Guimarães RF, Ferraz JBS, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Prado Paim TD, da Gama LT, Núñez-Domínguez R, Peripolli V, and McManus C
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- Animals, Cattle genetics, Brazil, Genetic Variation, Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information Systems, Breeding, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Abstract
Brazil is among the world's top beef producers and exporters, and the Montana breed of livestock has gained popularity due to its exceptional meat quality and ability to adapt to the tropical climate. This differentiates it from other breeds, such as the Zebu and Taurine. A methodology that mapped sixteen farms across five Brazilian states was adopted to investigate the link between SNP genetic data and animal collection location. The data was georeferenced using the Geographic Information System and the ArcGIS 10.3 software, considering a geographic coordinate system and the WGS 84 datum. The Alleles in Space (AIS) software was used to study the relationship between the SNP genetic data and the animal collection location. Various analyses were conducted, including the Mantel correlation, genetic barrier identification, and spatial autocorrelation. The results suggest that there is a correlation between genetic and geographical distances, supporting the idea that geographical distance can affect genetic diversity. This information is vital to understand the genetic structure of populations concerning geographical space and is crucial for optimizing Brazilian agricultural production., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
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5. Do forage production and ingestive behavior of locally adapted sheep differ from an irrigated silvopastoral system to an irrigated monoculture in the semi-arid region?
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Alves GC, Neto CFDS, Silveira RMF, Macedo VHM, Vasconcelos ECG, Pompeu RCFF, Costa HHA, Eufrásio EG, McManus C, and Landim AV
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- Animals, Agricultural Irrigation, Sheep physiology, Sheep, Domestic physiology, Male, Female, Animal Husbandry methods, Animal Feed analysis, Feeding Behavior, Poaceae
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate forage production and ingestive behavior of Morada Nova sheep in an intensive system with capim-tamani grass in both monoculture and silvopastoral irrigated systems in the Semi-arid region. Eighteen adult sheep, approximately 3 years old, with an average body weight of 26.8 ± 4.3 kg, were allocated to treatments with capim-tamani grass cultivated in monoculture and in silvopastoral systems with Caatinga trees. The experiment followed a completely randomized complete block design with two plots and three replications. Forage production, consumption, and behavioral activities were the assessed variables. The animals remained in the pasture daily between 6 am and 6 pm. No effects of the monoculture and silvopastoral systems were observed on the structural and productive characteristics of the capim-tamani grass pasture. There were also no observed effects on body condition score, consumption, and disappearance rate of dry matter (DM) and other nutrients in both systems. However, there was an interaction between the time animals spent under shade in monoculture and silvopastoral systems. In general, the animals spent more time under shade where there were trees, except during the period between 2 pm and 4 pm, when the times were similar. On average, the animals spent approximately 15.6% (equivalent to 1.87 h) of their total time in the artificial shade available in the monoculture system, whereas in the silvopastoral system, they remained under natural shade for approximately 40% (five and a half hours) of their time spent in the pasture during the day. The grazing frequency in both systems was approximately 70% (8.4 h) in relation to the total time spent in the pasture. The capim-tamani grass pasture managed intensively with sheep in the silvopastoral system showed similar forage production and consumption compared to the monoculture system. There was a positive influence of trees on the duration of solar radiation exposure to the animals throughout the day. The results support the need to provide shade for sheep, as well as to promote these sustainable systems in semi-arid regions., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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6. Gene expression in the Longissimus dorsi muscle related to meat quality from tropical hair lambs.
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Chaves Lima TB, Silveira RMF, do Rêgo JPA, de Alencar Araripe Noronha Moura A, Lobo CH, McManus C, Batista NJM, Pimentel PG, das Neves MRM, and Landim AV
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- Animals, Male, Gene Expression, Red Meat analysis, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Sheep, Domestic genetics, Sheep, Domestic physiology
- Abstract
The present study describes the expression of genes in the Longissimus dorsi muscle related to meat quality of hair lambs finished in an Integration Crop-Livestock system. Twenty-eight non-castrated lambs of two breeds, Somalis Brasileira and Santa Inês, at 120 ± 15 days of age, with an average initial live weight of 18 ± 3.1 kg, were kept in a pasture-based finishing system with supplementation. Upon reaching 28 kg body weight, animals were sent for slaughter. Samples of the Longissimus dorsi and Biceps femoris muscle were harvested for analyses of gene expression and physicochemical properties. Significant differences were detected between the breeds for tissue and chemical composition, whereas the physical aspects did not differ. We observed the expression of six genes related to lipid synthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase [ACACA], fatty acid synthase [FAS], stearoyl-CoA desaturase [SCD], lipoprotein lipase [LPL], cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A [CIDEA], and thyroid hormone responsive [THRSP]) and six genes related to molecular synthesis (myostatin [MSTN], growth differentiation factor 8 [GDF8], insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF1], insulin-like growth factor 2 [IGF2], delta-like 1 homolog [DLK1], and growth hormone receptor [GHr]) in both breeds. The Santa Inês breed and the Somalis Brasileira showed similar expression patterns of genes related to lipogenesis and myogenesis of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, with the exception of the THRSP gene, in which the Somalis Brasileira have more receptors for the action of thyroid hormones, which resulted in greater thickness of fat in the carcass (subcutaneous fat) and higher lipid content in the chemical composition of the meat., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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7. Comparative assessment of growth curves in Brazilian white Morada Nova hair sheep breed.
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de Assunção MAV, de Sousa JER, Silveira RMF, McManus C, Sales DC, do Nascimento BF, Felix NS, and Façanha DAE
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- Animals, Brazil, Male, Female, Body Weight, Sheep growth & development, Breeding, Sheep, Domestic growth & development, Sheep, Domestic genetics, Sheep, Domestic physiology
- Abstract
The Morada Nova sheep breed is essential for the economy of the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, standing out for its adaptability, resistance to parasites and reproductive ability. However, the white variant is endangered, highlighting the importance of studies on its productivity to support conservation efforts. This study focuses on the growth curve of the Morada Nova sheep breed, using nonlinear models and analyzing flock profiles. Total of 764 observations of 165 animals from four farms in Ceará and Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, were analyzed. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was used for the exploratory analysis and four nonlinear models were used to study the growth curve. Weight from birth to 270 days of age, absolute growth rate (AGR), and the impact of sex on growth curves were assessed. Sex and farm are significant discriminating variables (P < 0.05) for the studied effects (weight and age). Weight was the primary phenotypic biomarker that discriminated between the two indicators, while age was a discriminating indicator only for the core effect. The Gompertz model was the most efficient, presenting the lowest residuals and greatest convergence. The study reveals new information about the growth of Morada Nova sheep, the white variety, including weight differences between the sexes at all analyzed ages and an inflection point before 90 days of age. These discoveries contribute to the understanding of the breed's growth and help in the formulation of conservation strategies., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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8. Carcass traits and morphometry, typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle and non-carcass components of hair lambs: can biscuit bran completely replace corn? A machine learning approach.
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Silveira RMF, da Silva César LF, de Sousa LCO, Costa HHA, Vasconcelos ECG, McManus C, Sarti DA, Alves AAC, and Landim AV
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- Animals, Male, Sheep, Domestic growth & development, Brazil, Body Composition, Red Meat analysis, Meat analysis, Machine Learning, Animal Feed analysis, Diet veterinary, Zea mays
- Abstract
Biscuit bran (BB) is a co-product with worldwide distribution, with Brazil as the second largest cookie producer in the world with 1,157,051 tons. We evaluate the impact of completely replacing corn with BB on the characteristics and morphometry of carcass of purebred and crossbred Morada Nova lambs using machine learning techniques as an auxiliary method. Twenty male lambs from two genetic groups (GG) were used: purebred red-coated Morada Nova (MNR) and crossbred MNR × white-coated Morada Nova (MNF1). Supervised and unsupervised machine learning techniques were used. No interaction (P > 0.05) was observed between diets (D) and genetic groups (GG) and no simple isolated effect was observed for carcass characteristics, qualitative-quantitative typification of the Longissimus dorsi muscle, weight of non-carcass components, weight and yield of commercial cuts and carcass morphometric measurements. The formation of two horizontal clusters was verified: (i) crossed lambs with corn and BB and (ii) purebred lambs fed corn and BB. Vertically, three clusters were formed based on carcass and meat characteristics of native lambs: (i) thermal insulation, body capacity, true yield, and commercial cuts; (ii) choice, performance, physical carcass traits, and palatability; and (iii) yield cuts and non-carcass components. The heatmap also allowed us to observe that pure MN lambs had a greater body capacity when fed BB, while those fed corn showed superiority in commercial cuts, true yields, and non-carcass components. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. Crossbred lambs, regardless of diet, showed a greater association of physical characteristics of the carcass, performance, palatability, and less noble cuts. BB can be considered an alternative energy source in total replacement of corn. Integrating of machine learning techniques is a useful statistical tool for studies with large numbers of variables, especially when it comes to analyzing complex data with multiple effects in the search for data patterns and insights in decision-making on the farm., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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9. Bibliographic mapping of animal genetic resources and climate change in farm animals.
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Vieira RA and McManus C
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- Animals, Bibliometrics, Software, China, Climate Change, Animals, Domestic
- Abstract
Bibliometric mapping is a tool that allows you to visualize the academic production, as well as the publication trends over the years. In this study, we carried out the bibliometric mapping of citation, co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling for "animal genetic resources" and "climate change." Scopus was used to obtain the publication information and VOSViewer software to produce the maps. A total of 1171 documents were found from authors in 129 countries from 1975 to 2022. The USA, UK, and China are the top three countries producing scientific research on the topics of animal genetic resources and climate change. China is the country with the most recent publications. The USA, the UK, and China stood out in almost all the analyses, but other Asian and Latin American countries appear more recently and are becoming more important in this scenario. Most of the work is related to studies involving animal adaptation, conservation, and genetic diversity; however, in recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research involving genetic engineering, such as the use of genetic sequencing and single nucleotide polimorphism (SNP). This study can help to understand new research trends in the area of animal genetic resources and climate change and can assist in the development of future actions within the research community., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2023
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10. Bibliographic mapping for heat tolerance in pigs and poultry.
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McManus C, Pimentel F, Pimentel D, Sejian V, and Blackburn H
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- Animals, Swine, Bibliometrics, Brazil, Turkeys, Chickens genetics, Poultry, Thermotolerance
- Abstract
Heat tolerance, especially under climate change scenarios, plays an increasingly import factor in pig and chicken production. We therefore evaluated bibliographic mapping of citation, co-occurrence of keywords, co-citation and bibliographic coupling for heat tolerance, and these species. Data was obtained from Scopus (Elsevier) and analysed in Vosviewer. We found a total of 2023 documents from 102 countries, of which 10 countries account for 50% of the publications (USA, China, Brazil, Iran, India, UK, Turkey, Germany, Egypt, and Australia). While heat tolerance is important worldwide, Global South countries, especially China, have become more prominent in publishing on this topic in recent years. Researchers from South America appear relatively isolated using the metrics of this study, with no clear explanation why. We speculate funding for research and publication may be a governing factor. The literature reviewed suggests an emphasis on mitigation strategies that include nutrition and genetics. An emphasis in poultry, especially Gallus gallus was observed and suggests more attention is needed on other species (for example, ducks and turkey). Biases in the analysis could arise due to lack of citations from recent papers, those not indexed in Scopus or in other languages. The paper advances understanding tendencies in this field of research and may point to future actions for policy makers addressing animal production and climate change research., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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11. Performance, carcass, and meat traits of locally adapted Brazilian cattle breeds under feedlot conditions.
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de Carvalho Porto Barbosa M, Fioravanti MCS, Peripolli V, do Egito AA, Juliano RS, Ramos AF, Cardoso D, Laudares KM, Feijó GLD, Prado CS, Júnior RGV, de Oliveira NA, de Paula Rezende PL, Restle J, Costa GL, Costa MFOE, and McManus C
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- Cattle genetics, Animals, Brazil, Phenotype, Muscle, Skeletal, Body Composition, Meat, Weight Gain
- Abstract
Little is known about the performance, carcass, and meat traits of locally adapted cattle in Brazil. This study aimed to compare the growth, slaughter, and carcass traits as well as meat quality of two local breeds (Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Pantaneiro) with the Nelore breed. Fifteen 30-month-old steers of each breed were weighted (Curraleiro Pé-Duro = 264.80 kg; Nelore = 346.80 kg; Pantaneiro = 316.20 kg) and raised in a feedlot condition for 112 days, with measurements to assess growth and slaughter, visual and carcass and meat traits. Data were submitted to variance and multivariate analyses. Nelore and Curraleiro Pé-Duro had similar Gluteus medius depths. Pantaneiro and Curraleiro Pé-Duro were superior for leg compactness index (P < 0.05) and had higher eye muscle area than Nelore (P < 0.05). Although there was no difference in daily weight gain and slaughter weight between breeds, Curraleiro Pé-Duro had a lower initial weight (264.80 kg) when compared to Nelore (346.80 kg; P < 0.05). Nelore and Curraleiro Pé-Duro deposited more fat than Pantaneiro (P < 0.05), while Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Pantaneiro had more muscle than Nelore (P < 0.05), which also had more bone and a higher percentage of second-quality cuts (P < 0.05). Meat from Nelore also showed lower succulence than Pantaneiro (P < 0.05) and higher shear force than the other breeds (P < 0.05). Pantaneiro's meat had the most capacity to retain water (P < 0.05), lower shear force (P < 0.05), and was more succulent (P < 0.05) when compared to the other breeds. Multivariate analysis showed that Pantaneiro, Curraleiro Pé-Duro, and Nelore breeds can be considered distinct in growth, carcass, and meat traits, with the local breeds showing superior meat traits. The local breeds Curraleiro Pé-Duro and Pantaneiro presented characteristics similar or better to those of the Nelore, proving to be animals with great productive potential and generate high meat quality under feedlot conditions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2023
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12. Use of thermography and physiological rate to assess heat tolerance in cattle breeds.
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Vieira RA, Dias EA, Stumpf MT, Pereira GR, Barcellos JOJ, Kolling GJ, and McManus C
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- Animals, Cattle genetics, Plant Breeding, Respiratory Rate, Temperature, Fever veterinary, Thermography veterinary, Thermotolerance
- Abstract
Thermography has grown in use in recent years. It is a valuable tool for measuring animal heat tolerance under heat stress conditions since it is a non-invasive, safe and practical methodology. Physiological variables such as respiration rate and eye temperature, and environmental variables such as air temperature and wet bulb temperature were analysed in animals from nine cattle breeds (Angus, Braford, Brangus, Canchim, Charolais, Hereford, Nelore, Simmental and Santa Gertrudis) and one bubaline (Mediterranean) at Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Positive correlations were observed between air temperature and respiration rate and eye temperature. Furthermore, the breed strongly influenced the eye temperature and respiration rate of the animals. Eye temperature showed strong correlation with air temperature and wet bulb temperature. Simmental and Nelore animals presented higher eye temperature values. Simmental presented alteration in respiratory rate before the other breeds and Nelore was the last breed to present this alteration. The inflection points in the broken line analysis indicated the environmental temperature limits at which breeds begin to change their respiration to compensate for environmental variation. The use of thermography has proven to be a technique with possible application to evaluate the temperature of animals. Logistic regression analysis allows us to observe how each breed behaves with the temperature change. Using respiration rates and eye temperatures it was possible to identify physiological limits for comfort in different breeds of bovine. In the future it would be interesting to conduct additional studies using other physiological variables and also other indices of climatic conditions., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2023
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13. Tropical Animal Health and Production: a 55-year bibliographic analysis setting the course for a globalized international reference journal.
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McManus C, Pimentel F, de Almeida AM, and Pimentel D
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- Animals, Journal Impact Factor, Bibliometrics
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In this paper, we carried out a bibliographic mapping analysis with data from Scopus on publications in Tropical Animal Health and Production (TAHP) from its creation. This analysis is important for the journal and its readership, as a self-evaluation in terms of the scope and impact of the journal and how it is changing as well as aiding the editors in shaping the future direction of the journal. A total of 6229 papers were found, with an average of 8.71 citations per paper. Article Influence, Percentage of papers in Open Access, Immediacy Index, and Journal Impact Factor have all risen in recent years, although improvements are still necessary. With a cited half-life of 7.2 years, the percentage of papers in international collaboration has stabilized since 2010 (around 40%), down from around a peak of 60% in 2006. The journal is a Q2 journal with 86.4% of its documents cited. Of all documents published, 2401 were classified in SDG3 (Good Health and Wellbeing) followed by SDG2 (Zero Hunger) with 136. We mapped citations, co-citations, and bibliographic coupling and identified major authors, sources, references, and countries publishing in TAHP. The journal continues to play a key role in advancing knowledge and understanding of animal health and production in tropical and sub-tropical regions and supporting the development of sustainable animal production and veterinary medicine in these vast regions of the globe., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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14. Effects of replacing corn with by-product from biscuit manufacture on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of pure or crossbred Morada Nova sheep.
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de Sousa LCO, Landim AV, Costa HHA, Pinheiro JS, McManus C, and Alves GC
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- Animals, Digestion, Eating, Male, Nitrogen, Sheep, Sheep, Domestic, Animal Feed analysis, Zea mays
- Abstract
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with by-product from biscuit manufacture (BBM) on feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior, and growth performance of pure or crossbred Morada Nova sheep. Twenty-four non-castrated male lambs from two genetic groups (GG) were used: purebred red-coated Morada Nova (RMN) and red-coated Morada Nova x white-coated Morada Nova. Each GG had 12 lambs with an initial body weight (BW) of 15.0±0.84 and 18.8±0.88 kg for RMN and crossbred lambs, respectively. Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, as follows: two genetic groups (RMN and crossbred) and two diets (ground corn and by-product from biscuit manufacture-BBM) with six replicates. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of GG on feed intake (g/day and as a fraction of BW). Lambs fed BBM had a lower feed intake (p < 0.05) than corn-fed lambs, except for the non-fibrous carbohydrate intake, which did not differ among diets (p > 0.05). No effects (p > 0.05) of GG or diets were observed on apparent digestibility, except for organic matter, which was higher for BBM-fed lambs (p < 0.05). Intake and N urinary excretion were lower (p < 0.05) for BBM-fed lambs when compared to corn-fed lambs. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of GG on growth performance. On the other hand, lambs fed BBM diet had a higher (p < 0.05) feed efficiency than corn-fed lambs. Total replacing corn with BBM in finishing lamb diets increases the efficiency of nutrient utilization, which results in higher feed efficiency. The crossbreeding between the red- and white-coated strains of Morada Nova sheep does not affect nutritional and growth performance., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
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15. Fine-scale genetic diversity of the Brazilian Pantaneiro horse breed adapted to flooded regions.
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Nogueira MB, McManus C, de Faria DA, Santos SAO, Ianella P, and Paiva SR
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- Animals, Brazil, Horses genetics, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population
- Abstract
Among the animal species first introduced in Brazil during the country's discovery, horses (Equus caballus) stand out because of their evolutionary history and relationship with humans. Among the Brazilian horse breeds, the Pantaneiro draws attention due to its adaptative traits. Blood samples of 116 Pantaneiro horses were divided into six populations based on their sampling location, aiming to identify the existence of genetic structure and quantify genetic diversity within and between them. Populations were compared to elucidate genetic variability and differentiation better and assess the impact of Pantanal's natural geographic barriers on gene flow between populations. Data from the GGP Equine BeadChip (Geneseek-Neogen, 65.157 SNPs) was used to assess basic diversity parameters, genetic distance (F
ST ), principal component analysis (PCA), and population structure (ADMIXTURE) for the sampled animals. Mantel test was also performed to investigate the correlation between the populations' genetic and geographic distances. Results showed high genetic variability in all populations, with elevated levels of admixture in their structure. High levels of admixture make it challenging to establish a racial pattern and, consequently, populations within the breed, being that only one of the populations differentiated itself from the others. No significant correlations between genetic and geographic distances were observed, indicating that environmental barriers did not hinder gene flow between populations, and neither farmers' selection practices might have change breed genetic composition significantly. Low genetic distance and similar heterozygosity values were observed among populations, suggesting strong genetic proximity and low differentiation. Thereby, the Pantaneiro breed does not exhibit genetic subpopulations and could be considered, for conservation purposes, a single big population in the Panatnal region. This study will support sampling strategies for National genebank., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)- Published
- 2021
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16. Seasonal differences in seminal plasma proteins from two bovine breeds adapted to a subtropical climate.
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Souto PL, Carmouy LST, Santos C, Martins E, Martins V, Hatamoto-Zervoudakis LK, Murad AM, Mehta A, McManus C, and Ramos AF
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- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Breeding, Cryopreservation veterinary, Humidity, Male, Protein Interaction Maps, Semen, Semen Analysis veterinary, Spermatozoa, Temperature, Acclimatization, Cattle metabolism, Seasons, Seminal Plasma Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the seasonal expression of seminal plasma proteins from two bovine breeds adapted to a subtropical climate and their associations with post-thawing sperm and environmental characteristics. Semen samples were obtained three times in summer and three times in winter from four Crioulo Lageano and four Angus bulls. Seminal plasma was obtained by centrifugation, and the other portion of the semen was cryopreserved. Seminal plasma proteins were identified by 2D-nanoUPLC-MS
E . Post-thawing assessments of sperm kinetics, morphology and membrane integrity were performed. Environmental data such as air temperature, air humidity and black globe temperature (BGT) were recorded, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated in summer and winter. Results showed that the climate varied significantly between seasons. Although no statistical differences were observed in semen quality between breeds, the protein profiles varied within and between seasons. We suggest that the most critical proteins in summer affecting sperm characteristics were TIMP-2, DNase, Clusterin, CFAH and GPx6. TIMP-2 and DNase showed a higher abundance in Crioulo Lageano in comparison with Angus, while Clusterin, CFAH and GPx6 presented a lower abundance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a recently evolved type of glutathione peroxidase, GPx6, in seminal plasma of bovines. In winter, five proteins were considered to be more critical: BSP1, BSP3, CCL2, Sulfhydryl oxidase and TIMP-2. BSP1 and TIMP-2 showed a lower abundance while BSP3, CCL2 and Sulfhydryl oxidase presented a higher abundance in this season in Crioulo Lageano in comparison with Angus.- Published
- 2021
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17. Spatial dynamics of the Girolando breed in Brazil: analysis of genetic integration and environmental factors.
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da Costa NS, da Silva MVGB, Panetto JCDC, Machado MA, Seixas L, Peripolli V, Guimarães RF, Carvalho OA Jr, Vieira RA, and McManus C
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- Animals, Brazil, Breeding, Cattle genetics, Female, Socioeconomic Factors, Cattle physiology, Dairying, Environment, Genetic Variation
- Abstract
Brazil is one of the world's largest milk producers. Several scientific studies have been developed related to landscape analyses that combine genetic with landscape structure data. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the relationship between genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects of production in Girolando cattle in Brazil, as well as verify the spatial patterns of its genetic diversity. Genetic values and accuracy of 46,289 animals were used as well as information from DNA of 310 Girolando animals. Canonic, discriminant, and cluster analyses were conducted in SAS® and K-means method in ArcGIS 10.3 software. The relationship between genetic and geographic distance was analyzed using different methods in software Alleles in Space®. Clusters with animals with higher genetic values for milk production are located in municipalities with lower gross domestic product, fewer family-based establishments, and lower human development index. These clusters are associated with regions with higher area planted with crops, lower percentage of pastures that were less degraded, higher humidity, lower temperature range, and lower normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. The greater the geographical distance between groups of animals, the greater the genetic distance between them with a significant distinction over 504 km. There is high genetic heterogeneity among animals. From these results, it will be possible to develop methodologies for better evaluation of the animals within the production systems.
- Published
- 2020
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18. Brazilian Sport Horse: genetic parameters for approval of Brasileiro de Hipismo stallions.
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Medeiros BR, Garbade P, Seixas L, Peripolli V, and McManus C
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- Animals, Brazil, Breeding, Female, Male, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Gait genetics, Horses
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic parameters for subjective scores given at the Brazilian Sport Horse (BSH) Stallion Approval by estimating heritability (h
2 ) for morphological, gait, and jumping traits and genetic correlations (γg ) among the functional ones and by verifying selection feasibility. The analysis included 1179 complete evaluations from 294 horses, by 4.26 ± 0.96 judges. Each trait was evaluated using mixed models in SAS® v9.2, considering the individual as a random effect. Variance components and genetic parameters were obtained by single and two-trait animal models in a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood analysis. Since many jumping traits were not described in Breed Regulation, mixed model results were used to enlighten the criteria adopted in the assignment of scores. Balanced bodies and conformations that favor collection were preferred by judges and presented moderate heritabilities. Additive variation was found for most jumping traits, with heritability equal to 0.74 (se = 0.04) for overall jump, and estimates for the separate aspects of the jump movement ranging from near null to 0.43 (se = 0.07) for temperament. Morphological scores had little effect over gait and jump scores while trot may be indicative of some additive value for jump distance and canter for hind limb mechanics. Conformation evaluations of separate body regions presented heritability estimates similar to previous studies and may provide more informative breeding values.- Published
- 2020
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19. Fatty acid profile and carcass characteristics in castrated and uncastrated hair lambs.
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de Mello Tavares Lima P, da Silva Alcantara Moraes Sousa CV, do Prado Paim T, Corrêa PS, Lanna DPD, McManus C, Abdalla AL, and Louvandini H
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- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Animals, Newborn physiology, Body Weight, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated analysis, Male, Random Allocation, Adipose Tissue chemistry, Animal Husbandry, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated analysis, Meat analysis, Orchiectomy veterinary, Sheep physiology
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of castration on carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of visceral fat and meat from lambs. Eighteen six-month-old Santa Inês male lambs (18.9 ± 2.4 kg of body weight (BW)) were used. Animals were assigned to two treatments according to their sexual condition: uncastrated (U) or castrated (C). During a 98-day experimental period, animals were kept on an Andropogon gayanus grass pasture area of 1 ha and supplemented with 200 g/animal/day of concentrate mixture. Water and mineral salt were available ad libitum. The lambs were weighed fortnightly, and at the last day of the trial, they were slaughtered for evaluation of carcass characteristics and fatty acids profile of perirenal fat and longissimus lumborum muscle samples. Castrated lambs showed higher BW than U during most part of the experiment (p < 0.05). Fat deposition was higher in C lambs as evidenced by their increased carcass fat cover. Meat from U lambs showed lower content of C
16:0 and higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p < 0.05) than that from C (U, 14.3 and C, 10.5%). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was not affected by castration (p > 0.05) (U, 0.74 and C, 0.76%). The cis-9, cis-12 C18:2n-6 (U, 10.6 and C, 6.86%) fatty acid and the PUFA:SFA (saturated fatty acids) ratio (U, 0.36 and C, 0.25) were higher in the muscle of U lambs (p < 0.05), indicating that the meat from U animals may provide more benefits to human health than that of C.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Spatialization of Brazilian pig production: relationship between productive, physical, environmental, and socio-economic variables.
- Author
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da Silva ICM, Bremm B, Teixeira JL, Costa NS, Barcellos JOJ, Braccini J, Cesconeto RJ, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Environment, Female, Models, Theoretical, Multivariate Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Animal Husbandry, Sus scrofa physiology
- Abstract
Brazilian pig production spans over a large territory encompassing regions of different climatic and socio-economic realities. Production, physical, socio-economic, and environmental data were used to characterize pig production in the country. Multivariate analysis evaluated indices including number productivity, production levels, and income from pigs, together with the average area of pig farm and socio-economic variables such as municipal human development index, technical guidance received from agricultural cooperatives and industrial companies, number of family farms, and offtake; and finally, environmental variables: latitude, longitude, annual temperature range, solar radiation index, as well as temperature and humidity index. The Southern region has the largest herd, number of pigs sold/sow, and offtake rate (p < 0.05), followed by the Midwest and Southeast. No significant correlations were seen between production rates and productivity with the socio-economic and environmental variables in the regions of Brazil. Production indexes, productivity, and offtake rate discriminated Northeast and Midwest and Northeast and Southeast regions. The Northern region, with a large area, has few and far-between farms that rear pigs for subsistence. The Northeast region has large herds, but low productivity. Number of slaughtered pigs has been variable over the past three decades, with few states responsible for maintaining high production in Brazil. However, the activity can be effective in any region of the country with technology and technical assistance adapted to regional characteristics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Technologies that affect the weaning rate in beef cattle production systems.
- Author
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Dill MD, Pereira GR, Costa JB Jr, Canellas LC, Peripolli V, Neto JB, Sant'Anna DM, McManus C, and Barcellos JO
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Animal Husbandry, Cattle physiology, Food Industry instrumentation, Red Meat economics, Weaning
- Abstract
We investigated the differences between weaning rates and technologies adopted by farmers in cow-calf production systems in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Interviews were carried out with 73 farmers about 48 technologies that could affect reproductive performance. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis using a non-hierarchical cluster method. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Three distinct clusters of farmers were created (R (2) = 0.90), named as low (LWR), intermediate (IWR), and high (HWR) weaning rate, with 100, 91, and 96 % of the farmers identified within their respective groups and average weaning rates of 59, 72, and 83 %, respectively. IWR and HWR farmers used more improved natural pasture, fixed-time artificial insemination, selection for birth weight, and proteinated salt compared to LWR. HWR farmers used more stocking rate control, and IWR farmers used more ultrasound to evaluate reproductive performance compared to the LWR group. IWR and HWR adopted more technologies related to nutrition and reproductive aspects of the herd in comparison to LWR. We concluded that farmers with higher technology use on farm had higher weaning rates which could be used to benefit less efficient farmers.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Higher feeding diets effects on age and liveweight gain at puberty in crossbred Nelore × Hereford heifers.
- Author
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Barcellos JO, Pereira GR, Dias EA, McManus C, Canellas L, Bernardi ML, Tarouco A, and Prates ER
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Breeding methods, Crosses, Genetic, Female, Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I metabolism, Reproduction physiology, Ultrasonography, Weight Gain physiology, Animal Feed, Animal Husbandry methods, Body Weight physiology, Cattle genetics, Cattle growth & development, Diet veterinary, Sexual Maturation physiology
- Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the age and liveweight at puberty of 120 crossbred beef heifers submitted to four diets to achieve predetermined weight gains (kg/day): 0.5 (G500; n = 32), 0.75 (G750; n = 32), 1.0 (G1000; n = 29), and 1.25 (G1250; n = 27). Animals were classified depending on their level of crossing between Nelore (N) and Hereford (H): 25%N-75%H, 37.5%N-63.5%H, 43.7%N-56.7%H, 50%N-50%H, and 75%N-25%H. Reproductive evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period by ultrasonography and hormone analysis. The average age and liveweight at puberty were 388.0 ± 1.9 days and 331.4 ± 1.3 kg, respectively. Animals from the 25%N-75%H group reached puberty earlier than heifers from other genetic groups supplemented with G1250 diet (P < 0.05). Heifers with higher degree of Nelore (75%N-25%H) fed with G1000 diet showed estrus 42 days prior to mating, but only 57% reached puberty at mating (P < 0.05). Heifers with follicles of higher diameter reached puberty (P < 0.05) earlier. Higher average daily weight gain showed a positive effect on follicular diameter and IGF-I level at puberty (P < 0.01). Concentrations of GH were lower in heifers fed G1250 compared to G1000 diet (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between nutritional level and insulin levels at puberty (P < 0.01). We demonstrated the relationship between IGF-I and average daily gain on the onset of puberty in heifers. In conclusion, heifers submitted to the higher feeding level showed a higher follicular diameter and were younger at puberty.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Brazilian foot and mouth disease status and meat exportation to the European Union.
- Author
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Carvalho LF, de Melo CB, Seixas L, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil epidemiology, Buffaloes, Cattle, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Commerce, Foot-and-Mouth Disease prevention & control, Time Factors, Transportation, Cattle Diseases epidemiology, European Union, Foot-and-Mouth Disease epidemiology, Meat economics
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the differences between the Brazilian states that export and do not export meat to the European Union (EU) and to identify the variables that are important to meet the export requirements. Infrastructure and computerization of the control of animal transit in Brazil that impact on regional health status were evaluated and linked to other variables such as status for foot and mouth disease (FMD) and qualification to export meat to EU. Variables related to transit control of bovines implemented by the state agencies of animal health and inspection in each Brazilian state were evaluated. Using a discriminant analysis, four variables were selected that explained the variation between Brazilian states that were "free" and "not free" of FMD while another four were selected to explain the variation between the zones "approved" and "not approved" to export meat to the EU, including number of official veterinarians, total transit of bovines and buffaloes, total number of animal transit certificates issued for bovine and buffaloes at the state or zone level, and total number of municipalities in the state or zone. It was possible to correctly discriminate between "free" and "not free" FMD states or zones. Variables related to animal transit are important in assessing the state for the classification of animal health situation and for EU approval for the exportation of meat.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Methane emission of Santa Inês sheep fed cottonseed by-products containing different levels of gossypol.
- Author
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Lima Pde M, Oliveira PB, Campeche A, Moreira GD, Paim Tdo P, McManus C, Abdalla AL, Dantas AM, de Souza JR, and Louvandini H
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Female, Gossypol chemistry, Gossypium chemistry, Gossypol pharmacology, Methane biosynthesis, Seeds chemistry, Sheep metabolism
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the methane (CH4) emission of Santa Inês sheep fed cottonseed by-products, verifying if the gossypol content of these feedstuffs affects CH4 emission. Twelve late-lactating Santa Inês sheep (44.8 ± 7.5 kg body weight (BW)) were allocated in metabolic cages for an experimental period of 19 days, 14 days for adaptation and 5 days for measuring CH4 emission and dry matter intake (DMI). The animals were divided into four treatments, established in accordance with the cottonseed by-product used in concentrate formulation: Control (CON - no cottonseed by-product), Whole cottonseed (WCS), Cottonseed cake (CSC), and Cottonseed meal (CSM). The free gossypol level of the concentrates were 0, 1,276, 350, and 190 ppm for CON, WCS, CSC, and CSM, respectively. Also, the animals received Cynodon dactylon cv. Coast Cross hay, water, and mineral salt ad libitum. The ether extract content of the diets was balanced between treatments by including soybean oil in concentrates. The technique used to measure the CH4 emission was the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique, and the gas samples collected were quantified by analysis in gas chromatography system. The CH4 emission was evaluated considering the daily emission (g CH4/day); DMI (g CH4/kg DMI); and BW (g CH4/kg BW). No statistical difference was found (P > 0.05) between treatments for DMI and CH4 parameters. In the regression analysis, no significant relation (P > 0.05) between gossypol content and CH4 emission was observed. These results suggest that gossypol does not affect rumen methanogenesis.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Genetic parameters for type classification of Nelore cattle on central performance tests at pasture in Brazil.
- Author
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Lima PR, Paiva SR, Cobuci JA, Braccini Neto J, Machado CH, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animal Husbandry, Animals, Brazil, Breeding, Cattle genetics, Cattle growth & development, Male, Phenotype, Weight Gain, Body Composition, Body Weight, Cattle physiology, Reproduction
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize Nelore cattle on central performance tests in pasture, ranked by the visual classification method EPMURAS (structure, precocity, muscle, navel, breed, posture, and sexual characteristics), and to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between these parameters, including visual as well as production traits (initial and final weight on test, weight gain, and weight corrected for 550 days). The information used in the study was obtained on 21,032 Nelore bulls which were participants in the central performance test at pasture of the Brazilian Association for Zebu Breeders (ABCZ). Heritabilities obtained were from 0.19 to 0.50. Phenotypic correlations were positive from 0.70 to 0.97 between the weight traits, from 0.65 to 0.74 between visual characteristics, and from 0.29 to 0.47 between visual characteristics and weight traits. The genetic correlations were positive ranging from 0.80 to 0.98 between the characteristics of structure, precocity and musculature, from 0.13 to 0.64 between the growth characteristics, and from 0.41 to 0.97 between visual scores and weight gains. Heritability and genetic correlations indicate that the use of visual scores, along with the selection for growth characteristics, can bring positive results in selection of beef cattle for rearing on pasture.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Multivariate analysis of heat tolerance characteristics in Santa Inês and crossbred lambs in the Federal District of Brazil.
- Author
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Correa MP, Dallago BS, Paiva SR, Canozzi ME, Louvandini H, Barcellos JJ, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Brazil, Female, Male, Multivariate Analysis, Sheep, Domestic genetics, Heat-Shock Response, Sheep, Domestic anatomy & histology, Sheep, Domestic physiology
- Abstract
Heat tolerance is an important trait for deciding on which genetic resource to use on farms in tropical regions. Three genetic groups of lambs were evaluated by physical and physiological parameters related to adaptation and multivariate analyses used to test if these traits were efficient in separating the genetic groups and which traits were more important in this separation. Crossbred lambs were more similar to each other than to Santa Inês, in general; but individually there was an overlap between Ile de France and Santa Inês lambs. Size traits had higher canonical correlation with physiological variables, while rectal temperature, heart rate, and hemoglobin were more highly correlated with physical traits. Error rates using only physiological traits were high, suggesting that these are inefficient in separating groups of lambs for heat tolerance, while separation with physical traits was more efficient.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Tropical tanniniferous legumes used as an option to mitigate sheep enteric methane emission.
- Author
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Moreira GD, Lima Pde M, Borges BO, Primavesi O, Longo C, McManus C, Abdalla A, and Louvandini H
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Brazil, Digestion drug effects, Male, Random Allocation, Rumen drug effects, Rumen metabolism, Species Specificity, Animal Husbandry methods, Fabaceae chemistry, Methane metabolism, Proanthocyanidins metabolism, Sheep, Domestic metabolism
- Abstract
This study presents the first results from Brazil using SF(6) tracer technique adapted from cattle to evaluate the capability of condensed tannin (CT) present in three tropical legume forages, Leucaena leucocephala (LEU), Styzolobium aterrimum (STA), and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth (MIM) to reduce enteric CH(4) production in Santa Inês sheep. Twelve male lambs [27.88 ± 2.85 kg body weight (BW)] were allocated in individual metabolic cages for 20-day adaptation followed by 6 days for measuring dry matter intake (DMI) and CH(4) emission. All lambs received water, mineral supplement, and Cynodon dactylon v. coast-cross hay ad libitum. The treatments consisted of soybean meal (710 g/kg) and ground corn (290 g/kg) [control (CON)]; soybean meal (150 g/kg), ground corn (30 g/kg), and Leucaena hay (820 g/kg) (LEU); soybean meal (160 g/kg), ground corn (150 g/kg), and Mucuna hay (690 g/kg) (STA); and soybean meal (280 g/kg), ground corn (190 g/kg), and Mimosa hay (530 g/kg) (MIM); all calculated to provide 40 g/kg CT (except for CON). DMI (in grams of DMI per kilogram BW per day) was lower for LEU (22.0) than CON (29.3), STA (31.2), and MIM (31.6). The LEU group showed emission of 7.8 g CH(4)/day, significantly lower than CON (10.5 g CH(4)/day), STA (10.4 g CH(4)/day), and MIM (11.3 g CH(4)/day). However, when the CH(4) emission per DMI was considered, there were no significant differences among treatments (0.37, 0.36, 0.33, and 0.35 g CH(4)/g DMI/kg BW/day, respectively, for CON, LEU, STA, and MIM). The sheep receiving STA had shown a tendency (p = 0.15) to reduce methane emission when compared to the CON group. Therefore, it is suggested that tropical tanniniferous legumes may have potential to reduce CH(4) emission in sheep, but more research is warranted to confirm these results.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Fatty acid profile of hair lambs and their crossbreds slaughtered at different weights.
- Author
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Landim AV, Cardoso MT, Castanheira M, Fioravanti MC, Louvandini H, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Composition, Body Weight, Brazil, Diet, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated analysis, Meat analysis, Muscle, Skeletal chemistry, Random Allocation, Sheep, Domestic metabolism, Fatty Acids analysis, Hybridization, Genetic, Meat standards, Sheep, Domestic growth & development
- Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of breed and slaughter weight on fatty the acid profile of the Longissimus dorsi muscle in lambs. Twenty-four Santa Inês (SI), 24.5 Ile de France × 0.5 Santa Inês (Ile × SI) and 12.5 Texel × 0.5 Santa Inês (Te × SI), slaughtered at different weights (30, 35, 40, and 45 kg), were evaluated. The animals were reared with creep feeding to weaning and were feedlot finished, receiving a diet composed of 30% hay and 70% concentrate. The analyses of fatty acids were carried out on the Longissimus muscle of the 13th rib. The experiment was in a three by four factorial design. The total mean saturated fatty acid level was 44.88%, with 43.30% monounsaturated fats and 1.72% polyunsaturated. The major fatty acids found included oleic (43%), palmitic (22%), and stearic (18%). The concentration of desirable fatty acids varied from 61.56% to 66.78%, with Te × SI (66.78%) having the highest levels (P < 0.05). The slaughter weight affected (P < 0.05) the saturated and unsaturated (both mono and poly) fatty acid profiles. The 35-kg slaughter weight showed the most desirable fatty acid profile. The saturated myristic and stearic fatty acids decreased with an increase in the slaughter weight, but oleic acid increased. In the conditions of the present study, the meat from Santa Ines and Texel × Santa Ines lambs had fatty acid profiles more beneficial for human health due to the higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Molecular and pedigree analysis applied to conservation of animal genetic resources: the case of Brazilian Somali hair sheep.
- Author
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Paiva SR, Facó O, Faria DA, Lacerda T, Barretto GB, Carneiro PL, Lobo RN, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Brazil, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Genotype, Inbreeding statistics & numerical data, Microsatellite Repeats genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Pedigree, Sequence Alignment, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Genetic Markers genetics, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Sheep, Domestic genetics
- Abstract
The first registers of Somali sheep in Brazil are from the beginning of the 1900s. This breed, adapted to the dry climate and scarce food supply, is restricted in the northeast region of the country. Molecular marker technologies, especially those based on genotyping microsatellite and mtDNA loci, can be used in conjunction with breeding (pedigree analysis) and consequently the maintenance of genetic variation in herds. Animals from the Brazilian Somali Conservation Nuclei from Embrapa Sheep and Goats in Ceará State were used to validate genetic monitoring by traditional pedigree methods and molecular markers. Nineteen microsatellite markers and 404 base pairs from the control region of mtDNA were used. For total herd diversity, an average 5.32 alleles were found, with expected heterozygosity of 0.5896, observed heterozygosity of 0.6451, 0.4126 for molecular coancestrality, and coefficient of inbreeding (F (IS)) was -0.095. Comparing molecular coancestrality means over the years, there was a consistent increase in this parameter within the herd, increasing from 0.4157 to 0.4769 in 2 years (approx. 12% variation). Sixteen mtDNA haplotypes were identified. Inbreeding and other estimates from genealogical analyses confirm the results from molecular markers. From these results, it is possible to state that microsatellites are useful tools in genetic management of herds, especially when routine herd recording is not carried out, or there were gaps in recent generations. As well as pedigree control, genetic diversity can be optimized. Based on the results, and despite herd recording in the herd of Brazilian Somali of Embrapa Sheep and Goats, additional management measures need to be carried out in this herd to reduce inbreeding and optimize genetic variation.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Physical, chemical and sensorial parameters for lambs of different groups, slaughtered at different weights.
- Author
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Landim AV, Castanheira M, Fioravanti MC, Pacheco A, Cardoso MT, Louvandini H, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Weight, Brazil, Cooking, Pedigree, Quality Control, Sheep, Domestic classification, Body Composition, Meat standards, Sheep, Domestic physiology
- Abstract
The object of this experiment was to study physicochemical and sensorial traits in the 11th and 13th ribs of 24 Santa Ines (SI), 24 1/2 Ile de France × 1/2 Santa Inês (ILE × SI) and 8 1/2 Texel × 1/2 Santa Inês (TE × SI), slaughtered at different weights (30, 35, 40 and 45 kg, respectively). Subjective measurements (marbling, colour and texture) were carried out on the Longissimus dorsi, as well as initial pH (0 h) and final pH (24 h) after slaughter. The experiment was in a 3 × 4 factorial design and analysed using general linear model and correlation procedures in SAS®. Breed group did not influence colour (3.32), shear force (3.57 kg-force (kgf)) or loss in cooking (24.05%) of the L. dorsi, but slaughter weight affected these, with stronger colour, tougher meat and greater loss in cooking as slaughter weight increased. For sensorial analysis, the L. dorsi were cut, identified and evaluated by 30 untrained judges using a linear scale. Significant differences were detected in preference (6.61 points), tenderness (6.32 points), succulence (6.33 points) and flavour (7.08 points) of the meat from different breed groups and slaughter weights. For preference, all meats were well accepted although the crossbred animals slaughtered at 45 kg were less acceptable.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Use of multivariate analyses for determining heat tolerance in Brazilian cattle.
- Author
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McManus C, Castanheira M, Paiva SR, Louvandini H, Fioravanti MC, Paludo GR, Bianchini E, and Corrêa PS
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological genetics, Animals, Blood Cell Count veterinary, Blood Proteins analysis, Body Temperature physiology, Brazil, Cattle anatomy & histology, Cattle genetics, Hair physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Hematocrit veterinary, Hemoglobins analysis, Multivariate Analysis, Pigmentation physiology, Respiration, Stress, Physiological genetics, Tropical Climate, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Cattle physiology, Stress, Physiological physiology
- Abstract
Adaptability can be evaluated by the ability of an animal to adjust to environmental conditions and is especially important in extreme weather conditions such as that found in tropical Brazil. A multivariate analysis using physical and physiological traits in exotic (Nellore and Holstein) and naturalized (Junqueira, Curraleira, Mocho Nacional, Crioula Lageana, and Pantaneira) cattle breeds was carried out in the Federal District of Brazil to test and determine which traits are important in the adaptation of animal to heat stress as well as the ability of these traits and statistical techniques to separate the breeds studied. Both physical and physiological traits were measured on three occasions and included body measurements, skin and hair thickness, hair number and length, pigmentation, sweat gland area as well as heart and breathing rates, rectal temperature, sweating rate, and blood parameters. The data underwent multivariate statistical analyses, including cluster, discriminate, and canonical procedures. The tree diagram showed clear distances between the groups studied, and canonical analysis was able to separate individuals in groups. Coat traits explained little variation in physiological parameters. The traits which had higher discriminatory power included packed cell volume, shoulder height, mean corpuscular volume, body length, and heart girth. Morphological and physiological traits were able to discriminate between the breeds tested, with blood and size traits being the most important. More than 80% of animals of all breeds were correctly classified in their genetic group.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Skin and coat traits in sheep in Brazil and their relation with heat tolerance.
- Author
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McManus C, Louvandini H, Gugel R, Sasaki LC, Bianchini E, Bernal FE, Paiva SR, and Paim TP
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Hair anatomy & histology, Linear Models, Skin anatomy & histology, Skin Pigmentation physiology, Species Specificity, Acclimatization physiology, Hair physiology, Hot Temperature, Phenotype, Pigmentation physiology, Sheep physiology, Sweat Glands anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare physical parameters in groups of sheep with different phenotypic characteristics in the Centre-west region of Brazil. Five groups of sheep, with nine animals per group, were selected, three groups of Santa Inês animals with different coat colours (white, brown and black), one group with crossbred animals (Santa Inês × Bergamasca) and one group with animals of the Bergamasca breed. The following traits were evaluated: coat thickness, number and length of hair, pigmentation level in the coat and the skin as well as the percentage area of sweats glands in the skin tissue, carried out by histological analysis. The number of hairs and the area of sweats glands were not significantly different between the evaluated groups. The Bergamasca breed showed low pigmentation of the skin and long hairs. The levels of pigmentation of the hair and of the skin were highly correlated. Between the Santa Inês groups, the group with white hair showed the better parameters for heat adaptation, while the brown hair group showed the lower heat adaptation when compared with another hair breed groups.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Use of heat tolerance traits in discriminating between groups of sheep in central Brazil.
- Author
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Castanheira M, Paiva SR, Louvandini H, Landim A, Fiorvanti MC, Dallago BS, Correa PS, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Temperature, Brazil, Cluster Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Hair physiology, Heart Rate, Multivariate Analysis, Pigmentation physiology, Respiratory Rate, Sweat Glands anatomy & histology, Sweat Glands physiology, Tropical Climate, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Hot Temperature, Sheep classification, Sheep physiology
- Abstract
The animal and its environment make up an integrated system, where each acts on the other. Tropical regions are characterized by high levels of solar radiation and environmental temperature which may adversely affect animal production. This study carries out a multivariate analysis of physical and physiological traits in sheep in the Federal District of Brazil to test the ability to separate groups of animals and determine which traits are most important in the adaptation of animal to heat stress. The variables studied included coat thickness, number and length of hairs, pigmentation of the skin and coat, number of sweat glands as well as heart and respiratory rates, rectal and skin temperatures, sweating rate, and blood parameters. Five groups of ten animals were used depending on breed (Bergamasca, crossbred, or Santa Inês) or coat color (Santa Inês--brown, white, and black). The data underwent multivariate statistical analyses including cluster, discriminate, and canonical, using Statistical Analysis System--SAS®. The tree diagram showed clear distances between groups studied and canonical analysis was able to separate individuals in groups, especially Bergamasca and white Santa Inês. The canonical correlation redundancy analysis showed that coat reflectance as well as hair length and number of hairs per unit area were the most useful in explaining changes in physiological traits. Skin and coat traits such as hair length, coat reflectance, percentage of epithelial area occupied by sweat glands, skin reflectance and thickness, as well as heart and breathing rates were the most important in separating these groups.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Multivariate analysis for characteristics of heat tolerance in horses in Brazil.
- Author
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Castanheira M, Paiva SR, Louvandini H, Landim A, Fiorvanti MC, Paludo GR, Dallago BS, and McManus C
- Subjects
- Animals, Body Temperature physiology, Brazil, Discriminant Analysis, Erythrocyte Count veterinary, Heart Rate physiology, Hematocrit veterinary, Hemoglobins analysis, Leukocyte Count veterinary, Respiration, Tropical Climate, Body Temperature Regulation physiology, Horses physiology, Hot Temperature adverse effects
- Abstract
The environment in which the horse is reared affects its ability to maintain thermal balance which is in turn related to thermal characteristics and regulatory physiological mechanisms. In this study a multivariate analysis of physiological traits in relation to heat tolerance in horses was carried out in the Federal District, Brazil. The aim was to test the ability of these analyses to separate groups of animals and determine which physiological traits are most important in the adaptation to heat stress. Forty adult horses (4 to 13 years) were used, ten from each of four different genetic groups (English thoroughbred, Brazilian showjumper, crossbred and Breton). The traits examined included heart and breathing rate, rectal temperature as well as blood parameters. The data underwent multivariate statistical analysis including cluster, discriminate and canonical using Statistical Analysis System - SAS (R) procedures CLUSTER, STEPDISC, CANCORR and DISCRIM. The tree diagram showed clear distances between groups studied and canonical analysis was able to separate individuals in groups. The discriminate analysis identified the variables which were most important in separating these groups. The multivariate analysis was able to separate the animals into groups with RR, HR and RT being important in this separation.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Heat tolerance in Brazilian sheep: physiological and blood parameters.
- Author
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McManus C, Paludo GR, Louvandini H, Gugel R, Sasaki LC, and Paiva SR
- Subjects
- Animals, Blood Chemical Analysis veterinary, Body Temperature Regulation genetics, Brazil, Crosses, Genetic, Female, Heart Rate, Hematologic Tests veterinary, Respiration, Sheep blood, Sheep genetics, Skin Pigmentation genetics, Stress, Physiological genetics, Wool, Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Body Temperature Regulation physiology, Sheep physiology, Skin Pigmentation physiology, Stress, Physiological physiology, Tropical Climate
- Abstract
Thirty Santa Ines adult, non-lactating, non-pregnant ewes, ten with a brown coat, ten black coated and ten white coated, as well as ten Bergamasca and ten of mixed breed were used to evaluate the effect of climate on physiological and blood parameters in sheep. Two sample collections were taken (6 AM: and 2 PM: ) on six days. Sweating rate (SR), heart (HR) and breathing rates (BR), complete hemogram, rectal (RT) and skin temperatures (ST) were measured. Variance analyses were carried out using SAS(R). In general, there were significant differences between animals due to skin type, time and day of collection. White coated animals showed lower HR, BR and RT, with afternoon parameters higher than morning. Correlations between HR, BR, RT, SR and ST were medium and positive. Correlations between physiological and blood traits were in general negative and medium. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), total plasma proteins, red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration had high positive correlations between each other. The first two autovectors explained 49% of variation between traits. White coated Santa Ines animals were shown to be better adapted to climatic conditions in Central Brazil and wool sheep more affected by heat.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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