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Two-body abrasive wear behavior and mechanism of Fe B alloys with different Mo contents have been systematically investigated. The results show that the Mo addition can promote the formation of Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B in Fe B alloys, and the Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B possess the higher H (hardness) and δ A (plasticity factor) compared to the Fe-rich M 2 B. Meanwhile, with the increase of Mo content, the V Mo+Cr / V Fe increases slightly firstly and then increases rapidly (Where the V Mo , V Cr and V Fe represents the volume fractions of Mo-rich, Cr-rich and Fe-rich M 2 B, respectively, and the V Mo+Cr shows the volume fractions of V Mo and V Cr). The wear results reveal that the wear rate decreases greatly with the increasing V Mo+Cr / V Fe , especially when the V Mo+Cr / V Fe < 0.42. During the two-body wear process, the main wear mechanism is microcutting, and the Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B provide better resistance to the SiC abrasive relative to the Fe-rich M 2 B. In this case, the increasing V Mo+Cr / V Fe induced by the Mo addition contributes to the improvement of the abrasion resistance of Fe B alloys effectively. • The Mo addition results in the formation of Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B in Fe-B alloy. • The Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B possess higher H and δ A compared to the Fe-rich M 2 B. • The Mo-rich and Cr-rich M 2 B can provide better resistance to the SiC abrasive compared to the Fe-rich M 2 B. • The increasing V Mo+Cr / V Fe induced by the Mo addition facilitates the improvement of the abrasion resistance of Fe-B alloy effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]