We developed a comparative study, between the 2009-2010 and 2015-2016 sampling campaigns, in order to monitor the changes occurred in the quality of seven drinking water sources, after few springs from the Runcuri Plateau were taped into the locals’ homes. A special view was given to the geology of the Runcuri Plateau and to the relationship between the geological substrate and physicochemical profile, microbial content, and invertebrate communities of the analyzed springs. The particular geology of every drinking water source allowed us to understand why their physicochemical and biological features are different, even if springs are close to each other. Also the trends over space and time, as well as the seasonal variations were analyzed, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the geochemical and biological constraints, specific to the groundwater ecosystem functioning in karstic areas. Our results emphasized the anthropogenic impact on the drinking water quality, which was higher in the 2015-2016 sampling campaigns. The anthropogenic pollution was assessed through the following parameters: ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and faecal coliforms including E.coli, which reflect the vulnerable nature of the drinking water sources on the marginal limits of the plateau. The groundwater fauna responded to the organic pollution by a pronounced decrease in diversity and abundance in 2015-2016. Taking into account these results, specific protective measures must be considered, in order to maintain the quality of the drinking water sources used by the inhabitants of the Runcuri Plateau. The results of this study may have relevant implications for public health and for the sustainability of the rural communities of karstic regions. In addition, our results provide a reference background of the local groundwater status, which can be used in further investigations and monitoring.