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Background: Invasive fungal infections in burn victims significantly increase mortality and hospitalization. The effect of fungal burn wound colonization has not been established., Methods: All adult patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) with burns ≥10% of total body surface area (TBSA) between 2005 and 2021 were included. Superficial swabs were collected whenever clinical suspicion of wound colonization was raised, and deep tissue samples were sent at any wound excision. The primary outcome was the incidence of invasive fungal infections defined as any deep tissue fungal infection or fungemia., Results: Of 242 patients included, 39 (16.1%) had fungal wound colonization, 22 (56.4%) with yeasts and 24 (61.5%) molds. Patients with fungal colonization had a significantly higher rate of invasive fungal infections (82.1% vs 3.9%, p< 0.001 ), candidemia (15.4% vs 3.4%, p= 0.002 ), as well as longer ICU stay (61.5±57.6 vs 19±40.5 days, p< 0.001 ), and higher in-ICU mortality (43.6% vs 15.8%, p< 0.001 ). Survival analysis showed fungal colonization to be associated with significantly increased risk of invasive infection (aHR 25, 95% CI (9.67 to 64.62)), even when adjusted for age, TBSA, sequential organ failure assessment scores, Charlson Comorbidity Index and the presence of bacteremia., Conclusions: Fungal burn wound colonization is associated with increased risk of invasive fungal infections and mortality., Level of Evidence: This a single center, retrospective cohort study., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)