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The Memorandum Movement (1892-1894) played an important role in the history of the national emancipation of the Transylvanian Romanians. luliu Maniu (1873-1953) studied law at the universities of Budapest and Vienna at the beginning of the last decade of the 19th century. In 1892 he was among the leaders of the Petru Maior Academic Society, an organization of Romanian students at the University of Budapest. As a result of his position as the Romanian students' leader, he had a major role in preparing the reception and accommodation of Memorandum delegates in Vienna. luliu Maniu and his colleagues immediately joined the Romanian national movement. He was among the signatories of the political Manifesto entitled "To the Romanian People of Transylvania and the Hungarian Land" (1893). In 1896, luliu Maniu was already one of leaders of the Romanian National Party from Transylvania.xsxs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After 1860, the national movement of the Romanians in the territories under Habsburg domination was influenced by the changes experienced at a political and administrative level. Its leadership witnessed a whole range of transformations. Among the Romanian national leaders, the representatives who were active in the Budapest Parliament constituted the most significant category in regard to the influence gained and the available means of political action. The present study aims to conduct a detailed analysis of the group of Romanian political representatives between 1861 and 1918 in order to ensure a more accurate understanding of their political orientations and their parliamentary actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During this "long century", several peoples become aware of their historical individuality. But the process of national claim is not the same in the Western and Eastern part of the Old Continent. In South-Eastern Europe, the modem State comes up against several resistances; this delay produces a similar one in the affirmation of the national belonging's sense. During the XIXth century, political Romantism emphasizes the differences, while the youngest nations search their own particularities, stressing the ethno-linguistic aspect, easier to identify; so, national language and national literature become identitary elements of primary importance. To develop them, they look for a model in Western Europe, finding it in the most advanced States and especially in Italy, that is still fighting for independence and national unity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]