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BACKGROUND: Traditionally, blood group typing has been performed with serologic techniques, the classical method being the hemagglutination test. Serotyping, however, may present important limitations such as scarce availability of rare antisera, typing of recently transfused patients, and those with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Consequently, serologic tests are being complemented with molecular methods. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost, high-throughput method for large-scale genotyping of red blood cells (RBCs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with some clinically important blood group antigens, as well as with certain rare blood antigens, were evaluated: Jk a /Jk b , Fy a /Fy b , S/s, K/k, Kp a /Kp b , Js a /Js b , Co a /Co b , and Lu a /Lu b . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified targets were detected by direct hybridization to microspheres coupled to allele-specific oligonucleotides. Cutoff values for each genotype were established with phenotyped and/or genotyped samples. RESULTS: The method was validated with a blind panel of 92 blood donor samples. The results were fully concordant with those provided by hemagglutination assays and/or sequence-specific primer (SSP)-PCR. The method was subsequently evaluated with approximately 800 blood donor and patient samples. CONCLUSION: This study presents a flexible, quick, and economical method for complete genotyping of large donor cohorts for RBC alleles.

BACKGROUND: Several drugs can cause immune hemolytic anemia. Here a patient who developed hemolytic anemia after treatment with teicoplanin is described. CASE REPORT: Owing to a two-vessel disease, a 68-year-old white man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. He was readmitted for superficial sternal wound infection and sternal instability. Rewiring was required and worsening anemia characterized the course after the reoperation. Drugs used in the second admission were gentamycin, teicoplanin, paracetamol, and codeine. They were considered as a possible cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia. RESULTS: The DAT was positive for complement and IgG. Autoanti-e was identified in the patient's undiluted serum sample. The eluate was reactive with all RBCs tested only after adding teicoplanin; when diluted 1:4, anti-e specificity was observed in the presence of teicoplanin. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of immune hemolytic anemia owing to teicoplanin.

Traditionally, blood group typing has been performed with serologic techniques, the classical method being the hemagglutination test. Serotyping, however, may present important limitations such as scarce availability of rare antisera, typing of recently transfused patients, and those with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Consequently, serologic tests are being complemented with molecular methods. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost, high-throughput method for large-scale genotyping of red blood cells (RBCs).Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with some clinically important blood group antigens, as well as with certain rare blood antigens, were evaluated: Jk(a)/Jk(b), Fy(a)/Fy(b), S/s, K/k, Kp(a)/Kp(b), Js(a)/Js(b), Co(a)/Co(b), and Lu(a)/Lu(b). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified targets were detected by direct hybridization to microspheres coupled to allele-specific oligonucleotides. Cutoff values for each genotype were established with phenotyped and/or genotyped samples.The method was validated with a blind panel of 92 blood donor samples. The results were fully concordant with those provided by hemagglutination assays and/or sequence-specific primer (SSP)-PCR. The method was subsequently evaluated with approximately 800 blood donor and patient samples.This study presents a flexible, quick, and economical method for complete genotyping of large donor cohorts for RBC alleles.

Several drugs can cause immune hemolytic anemia. Here a patient who developed hemolytic anemia after treatment with teicoplanin is described.Owing to a two-vessel disease, a 68-year-old white man underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. He was readmitted for superficial sternal wound infection and sternal instability. Rewiring was required and worsening anemia characterized the course after the reoperation. Drugs used in the second admission were gentamycin, teicoplanin, paracetamol, and codeine. They were considered as a possible cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia.The DAT was positive for complement and IgG. Autoanti-e was identified in the patient's undiluted serum sample. The eluate was reactive with all RBCs tested only after adding teicoplanin; when diluted 1:4, anti-e specificity was observed in the presence of teicoplanin.To our knowledge, this is the first report of immune hemolytic anemia owing to teicoplanin.