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The analysis of the occurrence of aphyllophoroid fungi on islands of the Kiy Archipelago (Onezhskiy District, Arkhangelsk Region) is carried out for the first time. In total, 150 species of aphyllophoroid fungi were revealed. Among them, 10 species (Amylocorticium suaveolens, Athelia phialophora, Atheloderma orientale, Dichomitus campestris, Odonticium septocystidia, Oxyporus millavensis, Postia floriformis, P. perdelicata, Scytinostroma parvisporum, Xylodon detriticus) are indicated for the Arkhangelsk Region for the first time. A majority of the species revealed are saprotrophs on dead wood. The highest number of species (65) was recorded from Pinus sylvestris - the main stand-former in the archipelago. In local areas of floodplain ecotopes 36 alder-associated and 32 willow-associated species were recorded. Because of heavy human pressure on the archipelago's ecosystems, only 7 ground-dwelling aphyllophoroid species were revealed (Coltricia perennis, Hydnellum aurantiacum, H. ferrugineum, H. suaveolens, Phellodon tomentosus, Sarcodon imbricatus, Thelephora terrestris). Botryohypochnus isabellinus was found on fruit bodies of basidiomycetes, and Typhula setipes was spotted on fallen alder leaves. 18 species are considered as indicators of biologically valuable forests, 7 species are included in regional Red Data Books.

The paper deals with the species diversity of aphyllophoroid fungi of the Valaam Archipelago (Lake Ladoga) and the Solovetsky Archipelago (White Sea). Survey findings amounted to 156 species in the Valaam Archipelago, and to 247 species in the Solovki. Approximate species diversity for the two territories can be estimated at 230–240 and 300–310 species, respectively. The two archipelagos had 117 species in common; and 19 species were recorded from insular areas only. The Sorensen–Czekanowsky distance between the areas is 0.58. Ecological analysis of the biodiversity showed that mesophilic species dominate in both areas, but the Valaam mycobiota features a higher share of xerophyles. Geographic analysis demonstrated the prevalence of multiregional and Holarctic species widely distributed through several (including boreal) zones. In the trophic aspect, the prevailing group is saprotrophs. The role of facultative species pathogenic for spruce, aspen and birch is higher than in the corresponding mainland areas. There are 28 epigeous species, 10 species are associated with old polypore fruit bodies, and 1 species was found on pine cones. The rare and vulnerable species list contains 35 items. It is demonstrated that insular ecosystems are significant reservoirs of fungal biodiversity. Some peculiarities of insular ecosystems in comparison to the mainland were revealed, as well as anthropogenic changes in the composition of rare and indicator species of aphyllophoroid fungi.