Deep fertilizing is a high efficiency fertilization method in rice fields. In order to realize deep fertilizing, according to the requirement of rice planting, a synchronous side deep fertilizing technique is developed on the base of a precision rice hill-drop drilling technique. By ditching, ridging, deep fertilizing, and seeding joint operations, the fertilizing ditch openers prescribe fertilizing ditches, and the fertilizer apparatus puts fertilizers into the fertilizing ditches which are between two seeding ditches, to provide fertility of the necessary growth for rice in the two seeding ditches. At the same time, the fertilizing ditches are covered by the skateboard. After covering, fertilizers can reduce the loss due to volatilization, denitrification, and leaching. And then the seeding ditch openers prescribe seeding ditches, and the seed-falling devices take rice into the seeding ditches, at the same time the water ditch openers prescribe water ditches, and the water in the water ditches will be provided for the rice in the seeding ditches. In order to explore the distribution of the depth of deep fertilizing and fertilizer in different soil layers, this paper investigated the special distribution of the rice root system in different planting patterns and rice varieties. The 80% rice root is in a 0-10 cm soil layer. Technical parameters for synchronous side deep fertilizing were studied based on the special distribution of the rice root system in that soil layer (0-10 cm). The optimum fertilization depth was identified as 10 cm. And according to the special distribution of the rice root in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers, fertilization distribution for the rice varieties of 'Peizataifeng' and 'Yuxiangyouzhan' in the 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers was researched. The field experiment results showed that the precision rice hill-drop drilling machine with synchronous side deep fertilizing developed in SCAU meets the requirements of the synchronous side deep fertilizing technique, which can be used as the implementation of a synchronous side deep fertilizing technique with precision rice hill-drop drilling. The field experiment results in rice production indicated that the technique can increase the yield and reduce the cost. Compared with the artificial fertilizing on the same fertilizing level, the higher effective panicle, grains per panicle, and seed setting rate were achieved with the synchronous side deep fertilizing technique. The rice yield increased by 418.5-957 kg/hm2 with an improvement of 5.86%-13.41%. The research results could provide the references for the design synchronous side deep fertilizing machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]