9,047 results on '"TOXICOLOGY"'
Search Results
2. Toxicological assessment of photoactivated tetra-cationic porphyrin molecules under white light exposure in a Caenorhabditis elegans model.
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de Oliveira, Gabriela Vitória, Soares, Marcell Valandro, Cordeiro, Larissa Marafiga, da Silva, Aline Franzen, Venturini, Luiza, Ilha, Larissa, Baptista, Fabiane Bicca Obetine, da Silveira, Tássia Limana, Soares, Félix Alexandre Antunes, and Iglesias, Bernardo Almeida
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POISONS , *PORPHYRINS , *CAENORHABDITIS elegans , *REACTIVE oxygen species , *CAENORHABDITIS , *COORDINATION compounds , *METALLOPORPHYRINS , *MOLECULES - Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the potential of photosensitizing substances to absorb light energy and produce reactive oxygen species. Tetra-cationic porphyrins, which have organic or coordination compounds attached to their periphery, are heterocyclic derivatives with well-described antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. This is due to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species and their photobiological properties in solution. Consequently, these molecules are promising candidates as new and more effective photosensitizers with biomedical, environmental, and other biomedical applications. Prior to human exposure, it is essential to establish the toxicological profile of these molecules using in vivo models. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans , a small free-living nematode, as a model for assessing toxic effects and predicting toxicity in preclinical research. We evaluated the toxic effects of porphyrins (neutral and tetra-cationic) on nematodes under dark/light conditions. Our findings demonstrate that tetra-methylated porphyrins (3TMeP and 4TMeP) at a concentration of 3.3 µg/mL (1.36 and 0.93 µM) exhibit high toxicity (as evidenced by reduced survival, development, and locomotion) under dark conditions. Moreover, photoactivated tetra-methylated porphyrins induce higher ROS levels compared to neutral (3TPyP and 4TPyP), tetra-palladated (3PdTPyP and 4PdTPyP), and tetra-platinated (3PtTPyP and 4PtTPyP) porphyrins, which may be responsible for the observed toxic effects. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Repeated exposure to neurotoxic levels of chlorpyrifos alters hippocampal expression of neurotrophins and neuropeptides.
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Lee, Young S, Lewis, John A, Ippolito, Danielle L, Hussainzada, Naissan, Lein, Pamela J, Jackson, David A, and Stallings, Jonathan D
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Animals ,Rats ,Long-Evans ,Neurotoxicity Syndromes ,Chlorpyrifos ,Cholinesterases ,Nerve Growth Factors ,Neuropeptides ,RNA ,Messenger ,RNA ,Untranslated ,Cholinesterase Inhibitors ,Insecticides ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Immunohistochemistry ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Signal Transduction ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Time Factors ,Male ,CA1 Region ,Hippocampal ,Cholinesterase inhibition ,Gene expression ,Microarray ,Organophosphorus pesticide ,miRNA ,miRNA Organophosphorus pesticide ,Toxicology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide (OP), is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. Subchronic exposures to CPF that do not cause cholinergic crisis are associated with problems in cognitive function (i.e., learning and memory deficits), but the biological mechanism(s) underlying this association remain speculative. To identify potential mechanisms of subchronic CPF neurotoxicity, adult male Long Evans (LE) rats were administered CPF at 3 or 10mg/kg/d (s.c.) for 21 days. We quantified mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles by RNA-seq, microarray analysis and small ncRNA sequencing technology in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Hippocampal slice immunohistochemistry was used to determine CPF-induced changes in protein expression and localization patterns. Neither dose of CPF caused overt clinical signs of cholinergic toxicity, although after 21 days of exposure, cholinesterase activity was decreased to 58% or 13% of control levels in the hippocampus of rats in the 3 or 10mg/kg/d groups, respectively. Differential gene expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was observed only in the 10mg/kg/d dose group relative to controls. Of the 1382 differentially expressed genes identified by RNA-seq and microarray analysis, 67 were common to both approaches. Differential expression of six of these genes (Bdnf, Cort, Crhbp, Nptx2, Npy and Pnoc) was verified in an independent CPF exposure study; immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CRHBP and NPY were elevated in the CA1 region of the hippocampus at 10mg/kg/d CPF. Gene ontology enrichment analysis suggested association of these genes with receptor-mediated cell survival signaling pathways. miR132/212 was also elevated in the CA1 hippocampal region, which may play a role in the disruption of neurotrophin-mediated cognitive processes after CPF administration. These findings identify potential mediators of CPF-induced neurobehavioral deficits following subchronic exposure to CPF at a level that inhibits hippocampal cholinesterase to less than 20% of control. An equally significant finding is that subchronic exposure to CPF at a level that produces more moderate inhibition of hippocampal cholinesterase (approximately 50% of control) does not produce a discernable change in gene expression.
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- 2016
4. Could the gut microbiota be capable of making individuals more or less susceptible to environmental toxicants?
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Santiago, Marcella S.A., Avellar, Maria Christina W., and Perobelli, Juliana E.
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HEAVY metals , *GUT microbiome , *MERCURY poisoning , *ARSENIC , *POISONS , *COMMODITY futures , *LEAD , *LITERATURE reviews - Abstract
Environmental toxicants are chemical substances capable to impair environmental quality and exert adverse effects on humans and other animals. The main routes of exposure to these pollutants are through the respiratory tract, skin, and oral ingestion. When ingested orally, they will encounter trillions of microorganisms that live in a community - the gut microbiota (GM). While pollutants can disrupt the GM balance, GM plays an essential role in the metabolism and bioavailability of these chemical compounds. Under physiological conditions, strategies used by the GM for metabolism and/or excretion of xenobiotics include reductive and hydrolytic transformations, lyase and functional group transfer reactions, and enzyme-mediated functional transformations. Simultaneously, the host performs metabolic processes based mainly on conjugation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions. Thus, due to the broad variety of bacterial enzymes present in GM, the repertoire of microbial transformations of chemicals is considered a key component of the machinery involved in the metabolism of pollutants in humans and other mammals. Among pollutants, metals deserve special attention once contamination by metals is a worldwide problem, and their adverse effects can be observed even at very low concentrations due to their toxic properties. In this review, bidirectional interaction between lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury and the host organism and its GM will be discussed given the most recent literature, presenting an analysis of the ability of GM to alter the host organism's susceptibility to the toxic effects of heavy metals, as well as evaluating the extent to which interventions targeting the microbiota could be potential initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects resulting from poisoning by heavy metals. This study is the first to highlight the overlap between some of the bacteria found to be altered by metal exposure and the bacteria that also aid the host organism in the metabolism of these metals. This could be a key factor to determine the beneficial species able to minimize the toxicity of metals in future therapeutic approaches. [Display omitted] • Exists a bidirectional link among the gut microbiota (GM) and the exposure to metals. • A literature review was performed focusing on this interaction of the GM and metals. • Most of the studies explore the altered GM composition due to exposure to a metal. • Studies on the importance of GM altering the toxicity of the metals are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Virtual display of targets: A new level to rise the current understanding of ochratoxin A toxicity from a molecular standpoint.
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Perugino, Florinda, Pedroni, Lorenzo, Galaverna, Gianni, Dall'Asta, Chiara, and Dellafiora, Luca
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MOLECULAR docking , *PROTEIN synthesis , *CARCINOGENICITY , *NEPHROTOXICOLOGY , *FOOD contamination - Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin spread worldwide contaminating several food and feed commodities and rising concerns for humans and animals. OTA toxicity has been thoroughly assessed over the last 60 years revealing a variety of adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and possible carcinogenicity. However, the underpinning mechanisms of action have yet to be completely displayed and understood. In this framework, we applied a virtual pipeline based on molecular docking, dynamics and umbrella simulations to display new OTA potential targets. The results collected consistently identified OGFOD1, a key player in protein translation, as possibly inhibited by OTA and its 2'R diastereomer. This is consistent with the current knowledge of OTA's molecular toxicology and may fill some gaps from a mechanistic standpoint. This could pave the way for further dedicated analysis focusing their attention on the OTA-OGFOD1 interaction, expanding the current understanding of OTA toxicity at a molecular level. • Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a known mycotoxin though its mechanics are yet to be clarified. • Molecular modelling is a useful NAM to investigate the mechanisms of toxicity. • A target fishing methodology has been applied to display additional targets of OTA. • OGFOD1, a key actor in protein synthesis, has been proposed as a novel target. • OGFOD1 inhibition may fill some gaps of OTA toxicology and needs further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Are the BPA analogues an alternative to classical BPA? Comparison between 2D and alternative 3D in vitro neuron model to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.
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Sendra, Marta, Cavia-Saiz, Mónica, and Múñiz, Pilar
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CELL morphology , *CELL survival , *CELL cycle , *CYTOTOXINS , *GENETIC toxicology , *CONSUMER goods , *CELL culture - Abstract
BPA is used in a wide range of consumer products with very concern toxicological properties. The European Union has restricted its use to protect human health. Industry has substituted BPA by BPA analogues. However, there is a lack of knowledge about their impacts. In this work, BPA and 5 BPA analogues (BPS, BPAP, BPAF, BPFL and BPC) have been studied in classical SH-SY5Y and the alternative 3D in vitro models after 24 and 96 h of exposure. Cell viability, percentage of ROS, cell cycle phases as well as the morphology of the spheroids were measured. The 2D model was more sensitive than the 3D models with differences in cell viability higher than 60% after 24 h of exposure, and different mechanisms of ROS production. After chronic exposure, both models were more affected in comparison to the 24 h exposure. After a recovery time (96 h), the spheroids exposed to 2.5–40 µM were able to recover cell viability and the morphology. Among the BPs tested, BPFL>BPAF>BPAP and >BPC revealed higher toxicological effects, while BPS was the only one with lower effects than BPA. To conclude, the SH-SY5Y 3D model is a suitable candidate to perform more reliable in vitro neurotoxicity tests. [Display omitted] • Cytotoxicity of BPA analogues were assessed in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. • The sensitivity of SH-SY5Y 2D and 3D in vitro models was studied under BPs exposure. • BPFL>BPAF>BPAP>BPC had greater effects on both in vitro models than BPA and BPS. • 2D in vitro models demonstrated higher sensitivity than 3D models at 24 and 96 h. • Under chronic exposure both in vitro models demonstrated more toxic consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Metabolism of profenofos to 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, a specific and sensitive exposure biomarker.
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Dadson, Oswald A, Ellison, Corie A, Singleton, Steven T, Chi, Lai-Har, McGarrigle, Barbara P, Lein, Pamela J, Farahat, Fayssal M, Farahat, Taghreed, and Olson, James R
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Microsomes ,Liver ,Humans ,Chlorophenols ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Insecticides ,Pilot Projects ,Occupational Exposure ,Agriculture ,Egypt ,Organothiophosphates ,Inactivation ,Metabolic ,Biomarkers ,Profenofos ,4-Bromo-2-chlorophenol ,Cytochrome P450 ,Pooled human liver microsomes ,Recombinant human CYPs ,Microsomes ,Liver ,Inactivation ,Metabolic ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Toxicology - Abstract
Profenofos is a direct acting phosphorothioate organophosphorus (OP) pesticide capable of inhibiting β-esterases such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carboxylesterase. Profenofos is known to be detoxified to the biologically inactive metabolite, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol (BCP); however, limited data are available regarding the use of urinary BCP as an exposure biomarker in humans. A pilot study conducted in Egyptian agriculture workers, demonstrated that urinary BCP levels prior to application (3.3-30.0 μg/g creatinine) were elevated to 34.5-3,566 μg/g creatinine during the time workers were applying profenofos to cotton fields. Subsequently, the in vitro enzymatic formation of BCP was examined using pooled human liver microsomes and recombinant human cytochrome P-450s (CYPs) incubated with profenofos. Of the nine human CYPs studied, only CYPs 3A4, 2B6, and 2C19 were able to metabolize profenofos to BCP. Kinetic studies indicated that CYP 2C19 has the lowest Km, 0.516 μM followed by 2B6 (Km=1.02 μM) and 3A4 (Km=18.9μM). The Vmax for BCP formation was 47.9, 25.1, and 19.2 nmol/min/nmol CYP for CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4, respectively. Intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) values of 48.8, 46.9, and 1.02 ml/min/nmol CYP 2C19, 2B6, and 3A4, respectively, indicate that CYP2C19 and CYP2B6 are primarily responsible for the detoxification of profenofos. These findings support the use of urinary BCP as a biomarker of exposure to profenofos in humans and suggest polymorphisms in CYP 2C19 and CYP 2B6 as potential biomarkers of susceptibility.
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- 2013
8. Assessing micro and nanoplastics toxicity using rodent models: Investigating potential mitochondrial implications.
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Silva, Mónica G., Oliveira, Maria Manuel, and Peixoto, Francisco
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EMERGING contaminants , *MITOCHONDRIA , *RODENTS , *CELL communication , *MICROPLASTICS , *GUT microbiome , *KNOWLEDGE gap theory , *METABOLISM - Abstract
Mitochondria's role as a central hub in cellular metabolism and signaling cascades is well established in the scientific community, being a classic marker of organisms' response to toxicant exposure. Nonetheless, little is known concerning the effects of emerging contaminants, such as microplastics, on mitochondrial metabolism. Micro- and nanoplastics present one of the major problems faced by modern societies. What was once an environmental problem is now recognized as an one-health issue, but little is known concerning microplastic impact on human health. Indeed, only recently, human exposure to microplastics was acknowledged by the World Health Organization, resulting in a growing interest in this research topic. Nonetheless, the mechanisms behind micro- and nanoplastics toxicity are yet to be understood. Animal models, nowadays, are the most appropriate approach to uncovering this knowledge gap. In the present review article, we explore investigations from the last two years using rodent models and reach to find the molecular mechanism behind micro- and nanoplastics toxicity and if mitochondria can act as a target. Although no research article has addressed the effects of mitochondria yet, reports have highlighted molecular and biochemical alterations that could be linked to mitochondrial function. Furthermore, certain studies described the effects of disruptions in mitochondrial metabolism, such as oxidative stress. Micro- and nanoplastics may, directly and indirectly, affect this vital organelle. Investigations concerning this topic should be encouraged once they can bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying these particles' harmful effects on human health. • Microplastics present one of the major problems faced by modern societies. • The scientific community recognizes human exposure to microplastics. • Rodent models offer key insights into microplastic toxicity mechanisms. • Mitochondria can be both directly and indirectly disturbed by microplastics. • Mitochondria can act as a target for microplastic-toxicity evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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9. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) induced PANoptosis of chondrocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and decreased the exercise ability of mice in vivo.
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Fujun, Tian, Jiabao, Sun, Jianmin, Yue, and Qiyu, Wang
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CARTILAGE cells , *PERSISTENT pollutants , *CARTILAGE regeneration , *HEXABROMOCYCLODODECANE , *NLRP3 protein , *ARTICULAR cartilage - Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP). HBCD is found in the blood and tissues of most populations and causes a range of toxicological damage to tissues and cells. However, the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes and cartilaginous tissue. For this, a model of primary cartilage cells was established. Chondrocytes were exposed to different concentrations of HBCD. Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and other biochemical experiments were performed to analyze the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes/articular cartilage tissue. Cell proliferation assays showed that HBCD caused a reduction in the proliferative capacity of chondrocytes, and further work indicated that HBCD induces chondrocyte death. Further experiments demonstrated that HBCD caused an inflammatory response in chondrocytes by evaluating the levels of inflammatory factors. We found that HBCD led to PANoptosis in chondrocytes by detecting panapoptosis-related marker molecules, and experimental data indicated that apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3/7), pyroptosis markers (caspase-1/GSDMD-N) and necroptosis markers (pMLKL/RIPK3) were upregulated after HBCD treatment. Subsequent experiments illustrated that HBCD activated the DAMP sensor NLRP3, which then mediated ZBP1-induced PANoptosis. In the in vivo model, the experimental animals were administered HBCD at 25, 50 and 100 µg/kg/week for 15 weeks. We found that HBCD led to an inflammatory response in articular cartilage tissue. The safranin O-fast green assay showed a certain degree of damage to cartilage tissue under HBCD treatment. Furthermore, HBCD resulted in an increase in MMP13 expression and a downregulation of COL2 expression in chondrocytes/cartilaginous tissues. HBCD decreased the exercise ability of mice in vivo. These data indicate that HBCD leads to chondrocyte damage. In summary, this study lays the foundation for further exploration of the toxicological effects of HBCD on bone and joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Pulmonary toxicity of molybdenum disulphide after inhalation in mice
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Jorid B. Sørli, Alexander C.Ø. Jensen, Alicja Mortensen, Józef Szarek, Claudia A.T. Gutierrez, Lucas Givelet, Katrin Loeschner, Charis Loizides, Iosif Hafez, George Biskos, Ulla Vogel, and Niels Hadrup
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Molybdenum disulfide ,Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects ,Lung/pathology ,Respiratory Aerosols and Droplets ,Toxicology ,Weight Gain ,Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry ,Mice ,Soot ,Humans ,Animals ,DNA damage ,molybdenum disulfide ,Particle Size ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,MoS2 ,Molybdenum/toxicity ,Comet assay - Abstract
Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a constituent of many products. To protect humans, it is important to know at what air concentrations it becomes toxic. For this, we tested MoS2 particles by nose-only inhalation in mice. Exposures were set to 13, 50 and 150 mg MoS2/m3 (=8, 30 and 90 mg Mo/m3), corresponding to Low, Mid and High exposure. The duration was 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. Molybdenum lung-deposition levels were estimated based on aerosol particle size distribution measurements, and empirically determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Toxicological endpoints were body weight gain, respiratory function, pulmonary inflammation, histopathology, and genotoxicity (comet assay). Acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also determined. The aerosolised MoS2 powder had a mean aerodynamic diameter of 800 nm, and a specific surface area of 8.96 m2/g. Alveolar deposition of MoS2 in lung was estimated at 7, 27 and 79 µg/mouse and measured as 35, 101 and 171 µg/mouse for Low, Mid and High exposure, respectively. Body weight gain was lower than in controls at Mid and High exposure. The tidal volume was decreased with Low and Mid exposure on day 15. Increased genotoxicity was seen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells at Mid and High exposures. ROS production was substantially lower than for carbon black nanoparticles used as bench-mark, when normalised by mass. Yet if ROS of MoS2 was normalised by surface area, it was similar to that of carbon black, suggesting that a ROS contribution to the observed genotoxicity cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, effects on body weight gain and genotoxicity indicated that Low exposure (13 mg MoS2/m3, corresponding to 0.8 mg/m3 for an 8-hour working day) was a No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC,) while effects on respiratory function suggested this level as a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC). Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) is a constituent of many products. To protect humans, it is important to know at what air concentrations it becomes toxic. For this, we tested MoS2 particles by nose-only inhalation in mice. Exposures were set to 13, 50 and 150 mg MoS2/m3 (=8, 30 and 90 mg Mo/m3), corresponding to Low, Mid and High exposure. The duration was 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. Molybdenum lung-deposition levels were estimated based on aerosol particle size distribution measurements, and empirically determined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Toxicological endpoints were body weight gain, respiratory function, pulmonary inflammation, histopathology, and genotoxicity (comet assay). Acellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also determined. The aerosolised MoS2 powder had a mean aerodynamic diameter of 800 nm, and a specific surface area of 8.96 m2/g. Alveolar deposition of MoS2 in lung was estimated at 7, 27 and 79 µg/mouse and measured as 35, 101 and 171 µg/mouse for Low, Mid and High exposure, respectively. Body weight gain was lower than in controls at Mid and High exposure. The tidal volume was decreased with Low and Mid exposure on day 15. Increased genotoxicity was seen in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid cells at Mid and High exposures. ROS production was substantially lower than for carbon black nanoparticles used as bench-mark, when normalised by mass. Yet if ROS of MoS2 was normalised by surface area, it was similar to that of carbon black, suggesting that a ROS contribution to the observed genotoxicity cannot be ruled out. In conclusion, effects on body weight gain and genotoxicity indicated that Low exposure (13 mg MoS2/m3, corresponding to 0.8 mg/m3 for an 8-hour working day) was a No Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (NOAEC,) while effects on respiratory function suggested this level as a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Concentration (LOAEC).
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- 2023
11. Review: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)—Action on placental function and health risks in future life of newborns.
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Drwal, Eliza, Rak, Agnieszka, and Gregoraszczuk, Ewa L.
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POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons , *POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds , *NEWBORN infants , *POLLUTANTS , *IMMUNOLOGIC diseases - Abstract
Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental pollutants, which are released as products of incomplete combustion processes. Harmful effects of PAHs exposure on human health are observed in increased morbidity of respiratory, cardiovascular and immunological diseases. A particularly sensitive group to PAHs exposure are pregnant women and their developing offspring. PAHs can cross the placental barrier and a lot of published data indicated that prenatal or early postnatal exposure to PAHs can lead to developmental toxicity. Epidemiological data shows increased incidence and prevalence of conditions associated with PAHs exposure, like intrauterine growth retardation. Even more, negative effect of PAHs are observed later in development, low IQ, problems with behavior, allergies or asthma. This review will briefly summarize currently available data on the effects of PAHs on placental function with a specific emphasis on placental differentiation, angiogenesis, hormone signaling and consequences of exposure to PAHs in childhood and adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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12. Corrigendum to "Maternal linuron exposure alters testicular development in male offspring rats at the whole genome level" [Toxicology 389 (2017) 13–20].
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Bai, Jianwei, Han, Hua, Wang, Feng, Su, Liyu, Ding, Hongwei, Hu, Xiyin, Hu, Binli, Li, Hong, Zheng, Wei, and Li, Yan
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MATERNAL exposure , *TOXICOLOGY , *MALES , *RATS - Published
- 2023
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13. Risk assessment of the asthma-induction potential of substances in spray products for car cabin detailing – based on EU's Chemical Agents Directive, using harmonised classifications and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR).
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Mikkelsen, Kasper, Sørli, Jorid B., Frederiksen, Marie, and Hadrup, Niels
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STRUCTURE-activity relationships , *THRESHOLD limit values (Industrial toxicology) , *RISK assessment , *QSAR models , *SODIUM benzoate , *ETHANOLAMINES - Abstract
Exposure to spray-formulated products for car cabin detailing is a potential risk for asthma induction. With a focus on the asthma-related endpoints sensitisation and irritation of the lungs, we performed an occupational risk assessment based on requirements in the EU Chemical Agents Directive. We identified 71 such spray products available in Denmark. We identified ingredient substances in safety data sheets and screened for harmonised classifications of respiratory sensitisation and airway irritation. For respiratory sensitisation, we also applied quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). We modelled the exposure during 15 min of work inside a car cabin, and determined the risk ratio of the products by further applying occupational exposure limits – mainly derived no-effect levels (DNELs) from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) set on respiratory irritation. Four substances had a harmonised classification for respiratory irritation (bronopol, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-methoxypropanol, and butan-1-ol). Seven substances were positive in the QSAR model for respiratory sensitisation (monoethanolamine, bronopol, glycerol, methyl salicylate, benzoic acid, ammonium benzoate, and sodium benzoate). Two vinyl treatment products had a risk ratio > 1 based on the level of sodium benzoate and its DNEL set on respiratory irritation. Two products had risk ratios of 0.69 and 0.73, respectively, based on 2-methyl-2 H-isothiazol-3-one and its acute DNEL set on respiratory irritation. In conclusion, 10 substances that may pose a risk for asthma induction were identified in the products. Two of the 71 products had a risk ratio > 1, meaning they may pose an asthma-induction risk in the modelled exposure scenario and using respiratory irritation DNELs from ECHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Corrigendum to "Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) induce thigmotactic effect in zebrafish larvae via modulating key genes and metabolites related to synaptic plasticity" [Toxicology 487 (2023) 1–13].
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Deng, Shun, Zhang, Enming, Tao, Junyu, Zhao, Yunyang, Huo, Wenbo, Guo, Hao, Zheng, Bingxin, Mu, Xiaoyuan, Yuan, Kezhu, Deng, Xuangen, Shen, Hai, Rong, Haibo, Ma, Yanbo, and Bian, Wanping
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QUANTUM dots , *NEUROPLASTICITY , *GRAPHENE , *BRACHYDANIO , *TOXICOLOGY - Published
- 2023
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15. Silica nanoparticles induce pulmonary damage in rats via VEGFC/D–VEGFR3 signaling-mediated lymphangiogenesis and remodeling
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Yanan Yu, Yujie Pan, Bing Chang, Xiaoxu Zhao, Kunlong Qu, and Yuguo Song
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Toxicology - Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used as drug carriers for improving drug delivery and retention. The lungs are highly sensitive to toxicity of SiNPs entering the respiratory tract. Furthermore, pulmonary lymphangiogenesis, which is the growth of lymphatic vessels observed during multiple pulmonary diseases, plays a vital role in promoting the lymphatic transport of silica in the lungs. However, more research is required on the effects of SiNPs on pulmonary lymphangiogenesis. We investigated the effect of SiNPs-induced pulmonary toxicity on lymphatic vessel formation in rats and evaluated the toxicity and possible molecular mechanisms of 20-nm SiNPs. Female Wistar rats were instilled intratracheally with saline containing 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0 mg/kg of SiNPs once a day for 5 days, then sacrificed on day 7. Lung histopathology, pulmonary permeability, pulmonary lymphatic vessel density changes, and the ultrastructure of the lymph trunk were investigated using light microscopy, spectrophotometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. CD45 expression in lung tissues was determined using immunohistochemical staining, and protein expression in the lung and lymph trunk was quantified using western blotting. Results We observed increased pulmonary inflammation and permeability, lymphatic endothelial cell damage, pulmonary lymphangiogenesis, and remodeling with increasing SiNPs concentration. Moreover, SiNPs activated the VEGFC/D–VEGFR3 signaling pathway in the lung and lymphatic vessel tissues. Conclusions SiNPs result in inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis and remodeling, further pulmonary damage, and increased permeability by activating VEGFC/D–VEGFR3 signaling. Our findings provide evidence for SiNPs-induced pulmonary damage and a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of occupational exposure to SiNPs.
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- 2023
16. Hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and immunotoxicity induced by cysteamine in early developmental stages of zebrafish
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Chao Chen, Yuhua Zuo, Hongmei Hu, Xue Li, Li Zhang, Dou Yang, Fasheng Liu, Xinjun Liao, Guanghua Xiong, Zigang Cao, Zilin Zhong, Yanlong Bi, Huiqiang Lu, and Jianjun Chen
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
17. The p,p’-DDE disturbs the M1 function without affecting the M2 phenotype nor unstimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages from BALB/c mice
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Vanessa Cortés-Montoya, Christian D. Ortiz-Robles, Omar B. Rivera-Maya, José R. Palacios-Valladares, Erick F. Ramirez-Gutierrez, and Emma S. Calderón-Aranda
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
18. Immunotoxicity of relevant mixtures of pesticides and metabolites on THP-1 cells
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Aliciane de Almeida Roque, Francisco Filipak Neto, Claudia Cosio, Iris Barjhoux, Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro, and Damien Rioult
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
19. An integrated in silico-in vitro investigation to assess the skin sensitization potential of 4-Octylphenol
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Isisdoris Rodrigues de Souza, Martina Iulini, Valentina Galbiati, Enzo Zini Moreira Silva, Tainá Wilke Sivek, Ana Carolina Rodrigues, Daniela Fiori Gradia, Cynthia Bomfim Pestana, Daniela Morais Leme, and Emanuela Corsini
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
20. PFOA exposure induces aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism in the rat liver through the AMPK/mTOR pathway
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Xuemin Zhang, Xijuan Ren, Weiqiang Sun, Nathan Griffin, Li Wang, and Hui Liu
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
21. Pseudolaric acid B triggers cell apoptosis by activating AMPK/JNK/DRP1/mitochondrial fission pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
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Zhanxu Liu, Nanya Wang, Zhaoli Meng, Shiying Lu, and Gong Peng
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Toxicology - Published
- 2023
22. Acute hydrogen sulfide-induced neurochemical and morphological changes in the brainstem
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Cristina M. Santana Maldonado, Dong-Suk Kim, Benton Purnell, Rui Li, Gordon F. Buchanan, Jodi Smith, Daniel R. Thedens, Phillip Gauger, and Wilson K. Rumbeiha
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Toxicology - Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H
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- 2022
23. Chromatin modifiers: A new class of pollutants with potential epigenetic effects revealed by in vitro assays and transcriptomic analyses
- Author
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Chi Tim Leung, Yi Yang, Ting Fung Chan, Xiao Lin, Alice Sze Tsai Wong, Wing Yee Lui, Karen Wing Yee Yuen, Richard Yuen Chong Kong, Keng Po Lai, and Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
A great variety of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been used extensively and become widespread in the environment nowadays. Limited mammalian studies have shown that certain EDCs may target chromosome and epigenome of the germline, leading to adverse effects in subsequent generations, despite these progenies having never been exposed to the EDC before. However, the underlying mechanisms of chromosomal changes induced by these pollutants remain poorly known. Using the human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line COV434 as a model, we investigated and compared the transcriptomic changes induced by nine EDCs with diverse chemical structures (i.e. BDE-47, BPA, BP-3, DEHP, DHP, EE2, TCS, TDCPP and NP), to inquire if there is any common epigenetic modification associated with reproductive functions induced by these EDCs. Our results showed that COV434 cells were more responsive to BP-3, NP, DEHP and EE2, and more importantly, these four EDCs altered the expression of gene clusters related to DNA damage response, cell cycle, proliferation, and chromatin remodeling, which can potentially lead to epigenetic modifications and transgenerational inheritance. Furthermore, dysregulation of similar gene clusters was common in DEHP and NP treatments. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that BP-3 disturbed signaling pathways associated with reproductive functions, whereas alterations in telomere-related pathways were highlighted upon EE2 exposure. Overall, this study highlighted chromatin modifications caused by a class of chemicals which that may potentially lead to epigenetic changes and transgenerational reproductive impairments.
- Published
- 2022
24. System-wide health risk prediction for 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene(MBP), a major active metabolite of environmental pollutant and food contaminant - bisphenol A
- Author
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Gobichettipalayam Balasubramaniam Maadurshni, Manigandan Nagarajan, Saravanan Priyadharshini, Usha Singaravelu, and Jeganathan Manivannan
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Human exposure to plastic contaminated foods and environmental micro/nano plastic derived chemicals necessitates system-wide health risk assessment. Hence, current study intend to explore the mode of action (MoA) based adverse outcome pathways of 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP), the major active metabolite of bisphenol A (BPA). The computational study employed broad range of target prediction, systems biology tools and molecular docking protocols. Further, validation of MBP targets was done using protein-ligand fluorescence quenching assay, endothelial cell culture and chicken embryo vascular angiogenesis models. Interestingly, the current results illustrate that various physiological signaling pathways (MAPK and VEGF related angiogenesis signaling) and disease progression pathways (hypertension, cancer and endocrine disorders) were enriched as potential targets of MBP. Further, docking studies highlights the possible binding mechanism of MBP with important targets including endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and serum albumin (BSA). In addition, the validation studies on MBP-BSA interaction (fluorescence quenching), eNOS derived nitric oxide (NOx) generation in endothelial cells and chicken embryo angiogenesis support the system-wide impacts of MBP with highlights on cardiovascular pathogenesis. Thus, the current observation provides novel insights into the system wide impacts of MBP for the futuristic health risk assessment of plastic derived chemicals.
- Published
- 2022
25. Cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect of polystyrene nano-plastic and micro-plastic on RAW264.7 cells
- Author
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Xiaoxia Wang, Xiao-Min Ren, Huan He, Fan Li, Kunqian Liu, Fenqing Zhao, Huixiang Hu, Pingping Zhang, Bin Huang, and Xuejun Pan
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that exposure to micro- or nano-plastics led to the cell viability and function of macrophages in the intestine tissue might be one possible mechanism. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect of 80 nm polystyrene-nano-plastic (PS-NP) and 3 µm PS-micro-plastic (PS-MP) on mouse macrophages RAW264.7 cells. Our results showed that exposure to PS-NP or PS-MP induced apoptosis of cells at 5 or 10 μg/mL, respectively. Besides, PS-NP enhanced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-10) with the lowest effective concentration (LOEC) of 1, 0.01, and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. PS-MP enhanced secretion of TNF-α and IL-10 with the LOEC of 1 and 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. We further studied the possible mechanisms of the effects of PS-NP or PS-MP on RAW264.7 cells. We found they might cause cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects by producing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the cells. Accordingly, our results demonstrated that PS-NP and PS-MP had cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effect on macrophages, which might further lead to intestinal inflammation. Moreover, we revealed that the PS-NP had more potent adverse impacts on macrophages than PS-MP.
- Published
- 2022
26. Cellular response of THP-1 macrophages to polystyrene microplastics exposure
- Author
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Shramana Koner, Ida Florance, Amitava Mukherjee, and Natarajan Chandrasekaran
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Microplastic in the environment have the capability to reach the human immune system via the ingestion, inhalation and direct contact. Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used plastics, which is made up by polymerization of styrene monomers. Mounting evidences on the presence of microplastics in blood clearly indicate their access to macrophages that are major component of the immune system. However, data on the response of macrophages to microplastics exposure are limited. Our study reports the response of human macrophages transformed by PMA (phorbol 12-myristrate 13-acetate) to exposure to PSNPs of size range (≤ 450 nm). The polystyrene particles utilized in this study, were formulated from beads to powder by grinding and filtering the particles to acquire a range of size ≤ 450 nm particles with deionized water. This size variation used in this experiment imitates the size of plastic that humans can ingest plastic particles through food that gets fragmented from plastic cups and plates. Here we report that exposure to PSNPs (50-500 µg/mL) significantly decreased the viability of human macrophages. In addition, PSNPs (500 µg/mL) induced oxidative stress and decrease cell proliferation. Exposure to PSNPs decrease the membrane potential of mitochondria and caused damage to the DNA of macrophages. Overall, our study reports the differential toxic effects of PSNPs on human macrophages, delineating the potential risks of PSNPs exposure to human health.
- Published
- 2022
27. Graphene quantum dots disturbed the energy homeostasis by influencing lipid metabolism of macrophages
- Author
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Yan Shao, Xiaoyang Wang, Liting Wang, Youying Huang, Quanfang Wei, Wei Sun, Xiaodan Lai, Fan Yang, Fei Li, and Yi Huang
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
To investigate the potential factors of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), the assessment impact on the innate immune system is one of the most important. As the innate immune cell, macrophages possess phagocytosis activity and affect immunomodulation. Higher oxygen consumption rates (OCR) are used to gain insight into GQDs' effects on macrophages. Metabolomics profiling also revealed that GQDs exposure provoked an increase in phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids, and oxidized lipids in macrophages. The molecular pathways disrupted by GQDs were associated with lipid and energy metabolisms. Metabolite flux analysis was used to evaluate changes in the lipid metabolism of macrophages exposed to 100 µg mL
- Published
- 2022
28. ATM deficiency aggravates the progression of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice
- Author
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Ming Li, Zhifeng Yang, Zhaoyuan Song, Cunxiang Bo, Shuo Wang, and Qiang Jia
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a pivotal sensor during the DNA damage response that slows cell passage through the cell cycle checkpoints to facilitate DNA repair, and liver fibrosis is an irreversible pathological consequence of the sustained wound-healing process, However, the effects of ATM on the development of liver fibrosis are still not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of ATM on the progression of liver fibrosis. Wild-type and ATM-deficient were administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl
- Published
- 2022
29. Gut as the target tissue of mercury and the extraintestinal effects
- Author
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Xue Tian, Xiaoying Lin, Jiating Zhao, Liwei Cui, Yuxi Gao, Yong-Liang Yu, Bai Li, and Yu-Feng Li
- Subjects
Liver ,Animals ,Humans ,Brain ,Mercury ,Methylmercury Compounds ,Toxicology ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome - Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is harmful to the environment and human health. The gut plays important roles as the biological, chemical, mechanical, and immune barriers in animals and human beings. It has been known that Hg can be absorbed and methylated/demethylated in the gut, on the other hand, the impacts of Hg to the gut (especially the gut microbiota) is less studied. This review paper summarizes the impacts of inorganic Hg (IHg) and methyl Hg (MeHg) on gut barriers and the extraintestinal effects (damage to other organs such as the liver and brain). Both IHg and MeHg were found to cause intestinal microbial disorders, abnormal metabolites production, tight junction damage, and immune responses in the gut. The damage to the gut also contributed to the extraintestinal effects like the hepatotoxicity by IHg and the neurotoxicity by MeHg. In all, it is proposed that the gut should be considered as an important target tissue of Hg exposure, and the regulation of gut microbiota may have the potential for the prevention and control of the toxicity of Hg.
- Published
- 2022
30. Clinical and experimental research progress on neurotoxicity of sulfur mustard and its possible mechanisms
- Author
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Ning Jiang, Pei Zhang, Wei Shen, Yongxiang Zhang, and WenXia Zhou
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM), an extremely reactive alkylating toxicant, which poses a continuing threat to both military and civilian populations. SM targets three major organs including skin, eyes and lungs. In recent years, more and more clinical findings have shown that cognitive and emotional disorders in veterans intoxicated with SM, such as anxiety, depression, apathy, cognitive decline and so on, which indicated the long time toxic effects on mental and neurological health of SM. The experimental studies in animal and cell models have also found neurotoxicity which are similar to clinical results. However, these neuropsychological problems are not studied well in victims of SM and the mental and neurological complications are often not subjected to treatment or undertreated. Until now, the exact mechanism of the action of SM toxicity has not been elucidated and no specific therapy for its poisoning exists. Therefore, the studies on neurotoxicity of SM should be strengthened. This review summarizes the main progress of clinical and experimental researches on neurotoxicity of SM for the past few years.
- Published
- 2022
31. Subacute exposure to low concentrations of toluene affects dopamine-mediated locomotor activity in the rat.
- Author
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von Euler, G, Ogren, SO, Bondy, SC, McKee, M, Warner, M, Gustafsson, JA, Eneroth, P, and Fuxe, K
- Subjects
Synaptosomes ,Animals ,Rats ,Inbred Strains ,Rats ,Calcium ,Dopamine ,Toluene ,Apomorphine ,Aldosterone ,Corticosterone ,Prolactin ,Thyrotropin ,Receptors ,Dopamine ,Administration ,Inhalation ,Injections ,Subcutaneous ,Motor Activity ,Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ,Membrane Fluidity ,Male ,APOMORPHINE ,DOPAMINE RECEPTOR ,MEMBRANE FLUIDITY ,CALCIUM ,PROLACTIN ,BASAL GANGLIA ,Toxicology ,Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences - Abstract
The effects of low concentrations of toluene (40-80 ppm, 3 days, 6 h/day) were investigated on spontaneous and on apomorphine-induced locomotor activity in the rat, and were correlated to effects on S(-)[N-propyl-3H(N)]-propylnorapomorphine ([3H]NPA) binding in rat neostriatal membranes, on membrane fluidity, membrane leakage, and calcium levels in synaptosomes from the frontoparietal cortex, the neostriatum and the subcortical limbic area, and on serum hormone levels. Toluene exposure (80 ppm, post-exposure delay 18 h) alone did not affect locomotor activity, but attenuated apomorphine-induced (0.05 mg/kg, s.c.) suppression of rearing, and potentiated apomorphine-induced (1 mg/kg, s.c.) increases in locomotion and rearing. Toluene exposure increased the KD value of [3H]NPA binding without affecting the Bmax. All these effects were absent at 40 ppm of toluene or at a post-exposure delay of 42 h. Toluene exposure (80 ppm, post-exposure delay of 18 h) did not affect the serum levels of prolactin, TSH, corticosterone, or aldosterone, or synaptosomal membrane fluidity and calcium levels, whereas membrane leakage was increased in the neostriatum. The present study indicates that the reduction of D-2 receptor affinity by short-term, low-dose toluene exposure is accompanied by a reduced D-2 autoreceptor function and an enhanced postsynaptic D-2 receptor function.
- Published
- 1991
32. Evaluation of toxicological effects of bisphenol S with an in vitro human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell: Implications for bone health
- Author
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Mei Li, Tenglong Li, Juan Yin, Chunfeng Xie, and Jianyun Zhu
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
As the use of bisphenol A (BPA) has been restricted in consumer products, bisphenol S (BPS) is one major alternative to BPA for various materials, leading to growing concerns about its health risks in human beings. However, little is known about the toxic effects of BPS on bone health. We employed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) for the in vitro assessment of BPS on cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal. Our study revealed that BPS at concentrations of 10
- Published
- 2022
33. Maternal exposure to PM2.5 decreases ovarian reserve in neonatal offspring mice through activating PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway and ROS-dependent NF-κB pathway
- Author
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Yingying Chen, Yueyue Xi, Milu Li, Yaling Wu, Wei Yan, Jun Dai, Mingfu Wu, Wenjun Ding, Jinjin Zhang, Fang Zhang, Su Zhou, and Shixuan Wang
- Subjects
Follicular Atresia ,NF-kappa B ,Toxicology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ,Maternal Exposure ,Humans ,Animals ,Female ,Particulate Matter ,Ovarian Reserve ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
There is evidence of an association between exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and female ovarian dysfunction in adults. However, it is not fully clear whether maternal exposure to PM2.5 negatively affects the ovarian function in offspring. The size of primordial follicle pool, definitely assembled during fetal life, determines ovarian reserve and ovarian function. In this study, female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either ambient PM2.5 (mean daily concentration 49 µg/m
- Published
- 2022
34. Acute and subchronic exposure of cyadox induced metabolic and transcriptomic disturbances in Wistar rats
- Author
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Chongyang Huang, Hehua Lei, Chaoyang Liu, and Yulan Wang
- Subjects
Quinoxalines ,Animals ,Metabolomics ,Rats, Wistar ,Toxicology ,Transcriptome ,Rats - Abstract
Cyadox, a potential antimicrobial growth promoter, has been widely studied and prospected to be used as an additive in livestock and poultry feed. Although high cyadox exposure has been reported to cause toxicity, the exact metabolic effects are not fully understood. Our study aim is to evaluate the metabolic effects of cyadox using comprehensive methods including serum clinical chemical test, histopathology analysis, metabolomics, and transcriptomics profile analysis. One single acute dosage over 7-day course and one subchronic 90-day dietary ingestion of cyadox intervention were conducted on the Wistar rats separately. Dose-dependent alterations were shown in the metabolism of the urine, kidney, plasma, and liver by metabolomics analysis. We further investigated gene expressions of the liver administered with high dose of cyadox for 12 weeks. Top sixty-six differentially expressed genes involved in the pathways, including xenobiotic (cyadox) metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolic process, inflammatory response, and response to the oxidative stress, which were in concordance with these metabolic alternations. Our study provided a comprehensive information on how cyadox modulates the metabolism and gene expressions, which is vital when considering the safe application of cyadox.
- Published
- 2022
35. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the expression of RACK1 and LPS-induced THP-1 cell activation
- Author
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Mirco Masi, Ambra Maddalon, Martina Iulini, Pasquale Linciano, Valentina Galbiati, Marina Marinovich, Marco Racchi, Emanuela Corsini, and Erica Buoso
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,RACK1 ,THP-1 Cells ,Messenger ,Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Toxicology ,Ligands ,Receptors for Activated C Kinase ,Androgen ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,Receptors ,Immunotoxicity ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Glucocorticoids ,Fluorocarbons ,Diethyl phthalate (DEP) ,Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ,Ethynylestradiol (EE) ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Androgens ,Estrogens ,Interleukin-8 ,Mifepristone ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Neoplasm Proteins ,Receptors, Androgen ,Receptors, Estrogen ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Estrogen ,Settore BIO/14 - Farmacologia ,RNA - Abstract
The existence of a complex hormonal balance among glucocorticoids, androgens and estrogens involved in the regulation of Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) expression and its related immune cells activation, highlights the possibility to employ this protein as screening tool for the evaluation of the immunotoxic profile of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), hormone-active substances capable of interfering with the physiologic hormonal signaling. Hence, the aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the exposure of EDCS 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE), diethyl phthalate (DEP) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on RACK1 expression and on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of the human monocytic cell line THP-1, a validated model for this investigation. In line with our previous results with estrogen-active compounds, EE treatment significantly induced RACK1 promoter transcriptional activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels, which paralleled an increase in LPS-induced IL-8, TNF-α production and CD86 expression, previously demonstrated to be dependent on RACK1/PKCβ activation. EE mediates its effect on RACK1 expression through G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and androgen receptor (AR) ligand-independent cascade, as also suggested by in silico molecular docking simulation. Conversely, DEP and PFOS induced a dose-dependent downregulation of RACK1 promoter transcriptional activity, mRNA expression, and protein levels, which was mirrored by a reduction of IL-8, TNF-α production and CD86 expression. Mifepristone pre-treatments abolish DEP and PFOS effects, confirming their GR agonist profile, also corroborated by molecular docking. Altogether, our data confirm that RACK1 represents an interesting target of steroid active compounds, which expression offers the opportunity to screen the immunotoxic potential of different hormone-active substances of concerns due to their human exposure and environmental persistence.
- Published
- 2022
36. Response to commentary on 'Pulmonary toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity evaluation of molybdenum, lithium, and tungsten: A review'
- Author
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Niels Hadrup, Jorid B. Sørli, and Anoop K. Sharma
- Subjects
Molybdenum ,Lithium ,Toxicology ,Tungsten ,DNA Damage - Published
- 2022
37. HIF-1α promotes paraquat induced acute lung injury and implicates a role NF-κB and Rac2 activity
- Author
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Yong Zhu, Xiaoxiao Meng, Wenyu Yang, Jinfeng Wang, Jiaxiang Zhang, Rui Tian, Ruilan Wang, Qi Su, and Wei Jin
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a bipyridine herbicide and oral exposure is the main way of PQ exposure with a very high mortality. At present, it is believed that large number of oxygen free radicals are generated and cause lipid peroxidation of tissue and organ cell membranes after PQ is absorbed. PQ exposure could cause multiple organ dysfunction, among which acute lung injury is the most common and most serious. However, its specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the C57BL/6J mouse (alveolar epithelial cell-specific knockout HIF-1α) model of acute lung injury (40 mg/kg PQ) at several time pointes and a model of acute type II alveolar epithelial cell (A549, 800 μM PQ) injury constructed. The oxidative stress (ROS, MDA) and inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly inhibited in the alveolar epithelial cell-specific knockout of HIF-1α mice and siRNA technology to inhibit HIF-1α in alveolar epithelial cells. Further proteomic analysis showed that the expression of Rac2 protein, which is closely related to oxidative stress, was significantly increased after PQ exposure. And the inhibition of Rac2 expression in vitro significantly alleviated PQ-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The expression of Rac2 protein was regulated by HIF-1α. The above suggests that HIF-1α may promote oxidative stress and inflammatory response in alveolar epithelial cells by regulating the expression of Rac2, and then participate in the promotion of PQ exposure-induced acute lung injury.
- Published
- 2022
38. RNA-Seq approach to investigate the effects of melatonin on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis mice
- Author
-
Sisi Feng, Zhenguo Xu, Zhiguang Zhang, Yiqun Mo, Yujie Deng, Li Li, Shuting Fei, Jiamin Wu, Kaifang Wang, Qunwei Zhang, Jun Song, and Ruixiang Zhou
- Subjects
Colon ,Dextran Sulfate ,RNA, Circular ,Dendritic Cells ,Toxicology ,Colitis ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Mice ,Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ,Disease Models, Animal ,MicroRNAs ,Bone Marrow ,Animals ,Cytokines ,RNA, Long Noncoding ,RNA-Seq ,RNA, Messenger ,Melatonin ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) was reported to have therapeutic effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) due to its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, whether the beneficial effects of melatonin on colitis are through altering the immune response of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) has not been well characterized. Here, we propose that MLT alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice through its regulation of the immune response of BMDCs, in which some lncRNA, circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA may be involved. We at first established a DSS-induced colitis mouse model and found that the concentration of MLT in the serum of DSS-induced colitis mice was significantly lower than that in the control mice. Supplementation with MLT alleviated DSS-induced colitis in mice, which was reflected by preventing mouse body weight loss, colon length shortening, inflammation, and epithelial tissue destruction and abscission in the colon. We then isolated and cultured BMDCs and found that MLT could inhibit the activation of BMDCs from the colitis mice, which was reflected by reducing the phagocytotic ability of the cells, inhibiting their migration, and decreasing their secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. RNA sequencing results showed that MLT promoted the transformation of BMDCs into immune tolerant phenotypes in DSS-induced colitis mice through affecting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Among them, lncRNA ENSMUST00000226323, circRNA-0520, and circRNA-2243 were predicted to interact with miRNA-709, and mRNAs of Ywhaz and Ccl9 were the targets of miRNA-709, all of which were involved in MLT-induced alteration of BMDCs functions in DSS-induced colitis mice via PI3K-Akt pathway. Our findings may provide some clues for understanding MLT inhibiting inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis, which may be through alteration of BMDCs function.
- Published
- 2022
39. Polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbate lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial fibrosis and autophagy in mice via ROS/TGF-β1/Smad
- Author
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Peng Lin, Xu Tong, Fan Xue, Chi Qianru, Tang Xinyu, Li Zhe, Bai Zhikun, and Li Shu
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,Microplastics ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Smad Proteins ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,Toxicology ,Fibrosis ,Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ,Mice ,Autophagy ,Animals ,Humans ,Polystyrenes ,Collagen ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta - Abstract
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) contamination is a serious problem for human and animal health. Excessive exposure to PS NPs can affect the structure and function of the heart. And lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces myocardial damage, leading to myocardial fibrosis (MF). To investigate whether PS NPs exacerbate LPS-induced myocardial autophagy and fibrosis, we established in vivo and in vitro models of PS NPs/LPS exposure alone and in combination. We found that PS NPs/LPS exposure disrupts myocardial structure, significantly increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggers oxidative stress, promotes TGF-β1/Smad pathway activation, and leads to elevated levels of fibrotic proteins and collagen. Meanwhile, activation of AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway induced autophagy onset, and combined exposure of PS NPs/LPS exacerbated MF and autophagy. H9C2 cells were used for in vitro experiments, and the experimental results showed that the addition of TGF-β receptor inhibitor LY2109761 to the exposed group not only inhibited the upregulation of fibrotic genes but also effectively reduced the expression of autophagic signals, indicating that combined exposure of PS NPs and LPS mediates and regulates cardiac autophagy through TGF-β1. The above results suggest that PS NPs exacerbate LPS-induced MF and autophagy in mice via ROS/TGF-β1/Smad. Our study provides some new evidence to clarify the potential mechanisms of PS NPs-induced cardiotoxicity.
- Published
- 2022
40. β-N-Methyl-Amino-L-Alanine cyanotoxin promotes modification of undifferentiated cells population and disrupts the inflammatory status in primary cultures of neural stem cells
- Author
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Sarah Méresse, Vanessa Larrigaldie, Asma Oummadi, Vidian de Concini, Séverine Morisset-Lopez, Flora Reverchon, Arnaud Menuet, Céline Montécot-Dubourg, and Stéphane Mortaud
- Subjects
Mice ,Alanine ,Cyanobacteria Toxins ,Neural Stem Cells ,Neurotoxins ,Animals ,Amino Acids, Diamino ,Toxicology - Abstract
β-N-Methyl-Amino-L-Alanine (BMAA) produced by 95% of cyanobacteria is in constant augmentation with cyanobacteria worldwide proliferation due to global warming and eutrophication. Previously, it has been shown that this contaminant induced neurological disorders, notably by acting as a developmental toxin. However, very few studies focus on the impact of BMAA on neuroglial cells, like astrocytes and microglial cells, in a developmental context. In the present study, we investigated whether BMAA disturbs neurogenesis from mice subventricular zone (SVZ) cells and whether this neurotoxin induces neuroinflammation. We show that BMAA at 100 µM disturbs the population of undifferentiated cells (B1 and C cells) and promotes their proliferation. Further, BMAA affects the organization of neuroblasts, indicating that SVZ function could be impaired. BMAA affects neuroinflammatory processes by increasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα. Our study adds to evidence that BMAA may disturb the central nervous system homeostasis by targeting glial cells. We highlighted that BMAA may impair SVZ niches and drives astrocytes and microglial cells into a proinflammatory status, with an ameboid shape for microglia.
- Published
- 2022
41. Knockdown and mutation of Pou4f3 gene mutation promotes pyroptosis of cochleae in cisplatin-induced deafness mice by NLRP3/caspase-3/GSDME pathway
- Author
-
Rong Yu, Kai Wang, Wugen Luo, and Hongqun Jiang
- Subjects
Homeodomain Proteins ,Mice ,Disease Models, Animal ,Caspase 3 ,NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ,Mutation ,Pyroptosis ,Animals ,Cisplatin ,Deafness ,Toxicology ,Transcription Factor Brn-3C - Abstract
To investigate the effect and mechanism of Pou4f3 gene mutation on pyroptosis in cochleae of cisplatin-induced deafness mice.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin to construct an animal model of deafness, and sh-Pou4f3 and mutant vector were injected to alter gene expression. TUNEL staining was used to assess the apoptosis level of cochlear hair cells, ELISA was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors, and immunofluorescence and Western Blot were used to detect the expression of pyroptosis related factors.Cisplatin induced pyroptosis through NLRP3/Caspase-3/GSDME pathway and significantly down-regulated Pou4f3 level. Pou4f3 mutations promote cochlear hair cell pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3/Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. Knockdown of Pou4f3 can superimpose cisplatin treatment to induce pyroptosis of cochlear hair cells through NLRP3/Caspase-3/GSDME pathway.Pou4f3 gene mutation promotes pyroptosis of cochleae in cisplatin-induced deafness mice through NLRP3/Caspase-3/GSDME pathway.
- Published
- 2022
42. Impaired autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics are involved in Sorafenib-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis
- Author
-
Fanfan Liang, Kaina Zhang, Wenzhuo Ma, Heqin Zhan, Qiang Sun, LaiHua Xie, and Zhenghang Zhao
- Subjects
Dynamins ,Autophagy ,Humans ,Myocytes, Cardiac ,Apoptosis ,Sorafenib ,Toxicology ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2 ,Mitochondrial Dynamics ,Cardiotoxicity - Abstract
Sorafenib (Sor), a novel multi-target anticancer drug also induces severe toxicity in heart, while the mechanism of its cardiotoxicity remains to be fully elucidated. Dysregulation of autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics imbalance have been implicated in cardiomyocyte death. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Sor disrupts autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics, thereby aggravating Sor-induced oxidative stress damage to cardiomyocytes. Our results revealed that Sor (≥ 5 μM) concentration- and time-dependently reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in H9c2 myoblasts. Sor treatment promoted intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and subsequent Ca
- Published
- 2022
43. Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A on induction of prostate cancer in Sprague Dawley rats by MNU and testosterone
- Author
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Maarten C. Bosland, Michael J. Schlicht, Nicole Acevedo, Ana M. Soto, and Gail Prins
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Perinatal and neonatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been linked to enhancement of prostate carcinogenesis in rats induced by combined treatment with estradiol and testosterone, but human data are lacking. This study aimed to determine the effects of perinatal BPA exposure on induction of prostate cancer in rats by sequential treatment with N-methyl-N-nitrosamine (MNU) and continuous low dose administration of testosterone. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to BPA administered by subcutaneous Alzet minipumps at doses of 2.5 or 25 µg/kg body weight/day from gestational day 9 until postnatal day 28 when pups were weaned providing exposure of offspring in utero and via the mother's milk. At 10-12 weeks of age, one male offspring per litter was treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MNU after hormonal stimulation of prostatic cell proliferation followed two weeks later by subcutaneous insertion of Silastic implants containing testosterone until the termination of the study 57-58 weeks after MNU injection. The perinatal BPA exposure did not significantly affect the incidence of prostate carcinomas which was slightly lower in exposed rats (33-23 %) than in control animals (40 %). Carcinomas in all accessory sex glands combined were also insignificantly less frequent in exposed (46-48 %) than in control rats (60 %). The incidence of malignant tumors at any site in the body was significantly lower in exposed rats (81-65 %) than in controls (93 %). In conclusion, perinatal BPA exposure did not significantly modify prostate cancer induction by MNU plus testosterone in rats, unlike the enhancement of prostate carcinogenesis induced by treatments involving estradiol administration. Which of the two models of prostate carcinogenesis is more relevant for the human situation is unclear at present.
- Published
- 2022
44. Investigating the cytotoxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in HepG2 cells: A structure-activity relationship approach
- Author
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V.H. Amstutz, A. Cengo, F. Gehres, D.T.H.M. Sijm, M.F. Vrolijk, RS: FSE UCV, FSE Campus Venlo, and RS: FSE UCV Adaptive responses in relation to health effect and safety of nutrition
- Subjects
Fluorocarbons ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Alkanesulfonic Acids ,Humans ,Environmental Pollutants ,Hep G2 Cells ,Toxicology ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Carbon - Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a family of man-made chemicals with currently over 4'700 compounds identified. While toxicological data are available for some of the legacy PFAS, such as PFOA and PFOS, a knowledge gap remains concerning both emerging and legacy PFAS' toxicity due to the diversity of the PFAS. Therefore, a better understanding of the PFAS structure-activity relationship may prove helpful. The present study investigated a potential structure-activity relationship between PFAS and hepatotoxicity. As such, the effects of thirteen PFAS with varying carbon chain-length and functional head-groups (in a concentration range of 0-800µM) on the cell viability of HepG2 cells and intracellular reactive oxygen species formation have been tested using the MTT and DCFH assay, respectively. The exposure times were either 3 or 24h. In addition, intracellular PFAS levels were determined in HepG2 after 24h exposure. The present study demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of PFAS is dependent on their chain-length as cell viability decreased with increasing chain-length at both exposure times. Calculated Relative Potency Factors (RPF), based on the TC50 values, were used for a tentative ranking of PFAS regarding their hepatotoxicity: PFNA ˃ PFDA ˃ PFOS ≥ PFOA ˃ PFHxS ˃ PFBS ˃˃ PFHpA = PFHxA = PFBA = PFPrA = 6:2 FTOH = 4:2 = FTOH = 3:1 FTOH. Similar results were observed regarding intracellular reactive oxygen species generation at both exposure times, with a tentative ranking of: PFNA ˃ PFOS ˃ PFOA ≥ PFDA ˃ PFHxS ˃ PFBS ˃ PFBA ˃ PFHpA ≥ PFHxA ˃ PFPrA ˃ 6:2 FTOH = 4:2 FTOH = 3:1 FTOH. Moreover, a concentration-dependent reactive oxygen species generation has been observed for all PFSAs and PFCAs, but not for the FTOHs. In conclusion, the carbon chain-length and functional head-group of a PFAS determine their in vitro toxicity for the two toxicological endpoints assessed in the present study. Moreover, no effects were observed for the tested FTOHs. As such, the present study established a potential structure-activity relationship that opens the possibility of developing a predictive model to help with the risk assessment of PFAS in the future.
- Published
- 2022
45. Structure-activity relationship analysis of perfluoroalkyl carbonic acids on human and rat placental 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
- Author
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Shaowei Wang, Bingru Zhang, Yingna Zhai, Yunbing Tang, Yuzhen Lou, Yang Zhu, Yiyan Wang, Ren-shan Ge, and Huitao Li
- Subjects
Fluorocarbons ,3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ,Placenta ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Toxicology ,NAD ,Carbon ,Rats ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,Multienzyme Complexes ,Pregnancy ,Pregnenolone ,Carbonic Acid ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Isomerases ,Progesterone - Abstract
Placenta contains 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/steroid Δ
- Published
- 2022
46. Pyrimethamine induces phototoxicity in human keratinocytes via lysosomal and mitochondrial dependent signaling pathways under environmental UVA and UVB exposure
- Author
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Neera Yadav
- Subjects
Keratinocytes ,Pyrimethamine ,Ultraviolet Rays ,Sunlight ,Humans ,HIV Infections ,Phosphatidylserines ,Toxicology ,Lysosomes ,Reactive Oxygen Species ,Dermatitis, Phototoxic ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Pyrimethamine (PYR) is used to treat parasitic infections including toxoplasmosis, pneumonia and cystoisosporiasis in HIV patients. Various oral medicines have shown phototoxicity therefore, we aimed to study the phototoxicity of PYR and its molecular mechanism involving stress responsive lysosomal protein Lamp2 and mitochondrial mediated signaling pathway under normal UVA/B exposure. We found that photodegradation and subsequent photoproduct formation was evident through LCMS/MS analysis. Photosensitized PYR produces ROS that cause damage to DNA, cell membrane and membrane bound organelles in human keratinocytes. PYR triggered cytotoxicity and phototoxicity that was evident through MTT and NRU assay respectively. Intracellular ROS generation caused phosphatidyl serine (PS) translocation in cell membrane, lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse that was further validated through caspase3 activation. DNA damage was measured as tail DNA formation and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Photosensitized PYR induces oxidative stress in the form of overexpression of Lamp2 that ultimately led to cellular apoptosis. Moreover, the effects of UVB were higher than UVA, probably due to its direct interaction with various macromolecules. We propose that photoexcited PYR may be harmful to human health even at normal sunlight exposure. Therefore, protective procedures should be practiced during PYR medication.
- Published
- 2022
47. Phytosphingosine-induced cell apoptosis via a mitochondrially mediated pathway
- Author
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Jiaojiao Li, Jiayao Wen, Chunxiao Sun, Yuan Zhou, Jun Xu, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Xuexiu Chang, and Qinghua Cui
- Subjects
Sphingosine ,Cytochromes c ,Apoptosis ,Toxicology ,Ecosystem - Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms, usually dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, pose a serious threat to global freshwater ecosystems owing to their production and release of various harmful secondary metabolites. Detection of the chemicals in M. aeruginosa exudates using metabolomics technology revealed that phytosphingosine (PHS) was one of the most abundant compounds. However, its specific toxicological mechanism remained unclear. CNE-2 cells were selected to illustrate the cytotoxic mechanism of PHS, and it was determined to cause excessive production of reactive oxygen species and subsequently damage the mitochondrial structure. Mitochondrial membrane rupture led to matrix mitochondrial membrane potential disintegration, which induced Ca
- Published
- 2022
48. A hypoxia-driven occurrence of chronic kidney disease and osteoporosis in COPD individuals: New insights into environmental cadmium exposure
- Author
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Aleksandar Cirovic, Aleksandar Denic, Bart L. Clarke, Robert Vassallo, Ana Cirovic, and Greg M. Landry
- Subjects
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ,Humans ,Osteoporosis ,Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ,Toxicology ,Hypoxia ,Cadmium - Abstract
Humans are exposed to cadmium via a variety of anthropogenic and natural pathways. Hypoxia, a key pathophysiological consequence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as anemia, induce expression of many genes, including divalent metal transporter (DMT-1) , to induce cell adaptation to decreased pO
- Published
- 2022
49. Identification of circRNA expression profiles and the potential role of hsa_circ_0006916 in silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis
- Author
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Qiuyun Wu, Biyang Jiao, Qianyi Zhang, Chunmeng Jin, Hongmin Yu, and Feng Wang
- Subjects
Toxicology - Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators in the biological development of various diseases, but their expression profiles, functions and mechanisms in silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis remain largely unexplored. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis by intratracheal injection of silica particles and then performed transcriptome RNA sequencing of lung tissues. The results showed that 78 circRNAs, 39 miRNAs and 262 mRNAs were differentially expressed. Among them, five circRNAs, three miRNAs and four mRNAs were further selected, and their abnormal expression was verified in mouse fibrotic lung tissues by RT-qPCR assay. The circRNA-associated ceRNA network including 206 ceRNA triplets was constructed based on abnormally expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs, and miR-199b-5p, miR-296-5p and miR-708-5p were identified as hub miRNAs connected to circRNAs and mRNAs. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed to detect the potential roles of differentially expressed mRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis, which were mainly involved in immune response, Th17 cell differentiation, NF-κB signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we identified that hsa_circ_0006916 was up-regulated in pulmonary fibrosis. To characterize the potential role of hsa_circ_0006916, we transfected siRNA targeting hsa_circ_0006916 into alveolar macrophages and found that knockdown of hsa_circ_0006916 significantly increased the expression levels of M1 molecules IL-1β and TNF-α and reduced the expression level of M2 molecule TGF-β1, indicating that hsa_circ_0006916 may play an important role in the activation of M1-M2 polarization effect in macrophages. Our results provided important evidence on the possible contribution of these abnormal circRNAs to the development of silicosis and pulmonary fibrosis.
- Published
- 2022
50. Random forest algorithm-based accurate prediction of chemical toxicity to Tetrahymena pyriformis
- Author
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Zhengjun Fang, Xinliang Yu, and Qun Zeng
- Subjects
Tetrahymena pyriformis ,Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship ,Toxicology ,Algorithms - Abstract
The random forest (RF) algorithm, together with ten Dragon descriptors, was used to develop a quantitative structure-toxicity/activity relationship (QSTR/QSAR) model for a larger data set of 1792 chemical toxicity pIGC
- Published
- 2022
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