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Abstract: Sesamol pretreated (1, 5 and 10μg/ml) lymphocytes were exposed to different doses of γ-radiation, i.e., 1, 2 and 4Gray (Gy) and the cellular changes were estimated by using cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay (MN), dicentric aberration (DC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Radiation significantly increased MN, DC frequencies, TBARS levels and decreased GSH and antioxidant enzyme levels in a dose dependent manner. The highest damage to lymphocytes was observed at 4Gy irradiation. On the other hand, sesamol pretreatment significantly decreased MN, DC frequencies, TBARS levels and increased GSH levels and SOD, CAT and GPx activities in a concentration dependent manner. At 1Gy irradiation all concentrations of sesamol (1, 5 and 10μg/ml) significantly protects the lymphocytes from radiation damage. At 2Gy irradiation 5 and 10μg/ml of sesamol shows significant radioprotection. Since the highest damage was observed at 4Gy irradiation both 1 and 5μg/ml of sesamol pretreatment were not sufficient to protect the lymphocytes from radiation damage but 10μg/ml of sesamol significantly (p <0.05) protects the lymphocytes from radiation effect. Thus, sesamol pretreatment gives significant protection to cultured human lymphocytes against γ-radiation induced cellular damage. The possible mechanism involved in the radioprotective influence of sesamol is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]