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Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). To investigate the role of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms in SSc, we genotyped six biallelic polymorphic positions (position -988, -800, and -509; and codons 10, 25, and 263) in 61 Korean SSc patients and in 148 healthy controls, using polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers. Genetic polymorphisms were found at position -509 and codon 10 in Koreans. The allele frequencies of C/T at position -509 were 0.59/0.41 in patients and 0.56/0.44 in controls. The allele frequencies of C/T at codon 10 were 0.40/0.60 in patients and 0.50/0.50 in controls. In conclusion, no skewed distribution of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms was found in Korean patients with SSc.