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Background: This retrospective study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for lung tumors adjacent to the interlobar fissures. Methods: From May 2020 to April 2021, 59 patients with 66 lung tumors (mean diameter, 16.9 ± 7.7 mm; range, 6–30 mm) adjacent to the interlobar fissures who underwent microwave ablation at our institution were identified and included in this study. Based on the relationship between the tumor and the interlobar fissure, tumors can be categorized into close to the fissure, causing the fissure, and involving the fissure. The complete ablation rate, local progression‐free survival, complications, and associated factors were analyzed. Results: All 66 histologically proven tumors were treated using computed tomography‐guided microwave ablation. The complete ablation rate was 95.5%. Local progression‐free survival at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 89.4%, 83.3%, 74.2%, and 63.6%, respectively. The complications included pneumothorax (34.8%), pleural effusion (24.2%), cavity (18.2%), and pulmonary infection (7.6%). There were statistical differences in the incidence of pneumothorax, cavity, and delayed complications between the groups with and without antenna punctures through the fissure. Conclusions: Microwave ablation is a safe and effective treatment for lung tumor adjacent to the interlobar fissure. Antenna puncturing though the interlobar fissure may be a potential risk factor for pneumothorax, cavity, and delayed complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A squamous cell lung cancer patient was treated with pneumonectomy. A recurrent lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) was found 45 months later and successfully biopsied and treated with microwave ablation. After 18 months of follow up, no evidence of tumor recurrence was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]