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Start Over Descriptor "Surgical castration" Journal theriogenology
5 results on '"Surgical castration"'

1. FSH promotes fat accumulation by activating PPARγ signaling in surgically castrated, but not immunocastrated, male pigs.

Author

Han, Xingfa, Meng, Fengyan, Cao, Xiaohan, Du, Xiaogang, Bu, Guixian, Kong, Fanli, Huang, Anqi, and Zeng, Xianyin

Subjects
*ADIPOSE tissues, *SWINE, *FOLLICLE-stimulating hormone, *FAT, *TRANSCRIPTION factors
Abstract

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was recently implicated as a novel regulator of fat accumulation. Surgical castration causes high FSH concentrations and increases fat accumulation, whereas immunocastration results in low FSH concentrations and less fat in immunocastrated boars versus barrows. However, detailed information regarding the role of FSH in regulation of fat accumulation in male pigs is unclear. First, expression of FSH receptor was confirmed (real-time quantitative PCR) in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT and VAT, respectively) of boars. Then, surgical castration (high FSH model) was compared to immunocastration (low FSH model) to investigate potential roles of FSH in adipogenesis and fat accumulation. High FSH concentrations after surgical castration activated PPARγ signaling by upregulating expression of CREB (P < 0.05), and then recruited an array of PPARγ target adipogenic genes, including transcription factor (C/EBPα), long-chain fatty acid uptake (LPL), fatty acid de novo synthesis (FASN , ACACA) and lipid droplet formation (PLIN1) in both SAT and VAT, promoting fat accumulation in barrows. In contrast, much lower serum FSH concentrations in immunocastrates attenuated (P < 0.05) expressions of PPARγ and PPARγ target genes in both SAT and VAT, resulting in less fat accumulation in immunocastrated boars versus barrows. We concluded that the substantially elevated FSH concentrations in barrows promoted fat accumulation by activating the PPARγ signaling pathway in adipose tissues, whereas immunocastrates accumulated less fat due to low FSH. • The sharply elevated FSH in boars after surgical castration plays a great role in promoting fat accumulation. • Immunocastrated boars are with low FSH levels thus accumulate less carcass fat than barrows. • FSH promotes fat accumulation in boars through activating PPARγ signaling in adipose tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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2. Effects of active immunization against GnRH versus surgical castration on hypothalamic-pituitary function in boars.

Author

Han, Xingfa, Zhou, Yuqin, Zeng, Yu, Sui, Fenfen, Liu, Yacheng, Tan, Yao, Cao, Xiaohan, Du, Xiaogang, Meng, Fengyan, and Zeng, Xianyin

Subjects
*LUTEINIZING hormone releasing hormone receptors, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN analysis, *MESSENGER RNA, *ESTROGEN receptors, *GONADOTROPIN regulation
Abstract

The objective was to compare effects of anti-GnRH immunization (immunocastration) versus surgical castration on hypothalamic-pituitary function in boars. Thirty-six boars were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group): control, surgically castrated, or immunized against GnRH at 10 wk of age (boostered 8 wk later). Compared to intact boars, immunocastration reduced ( P < 0.05 ) serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone and inhibin B and caused severe testicular atrophy, whereas surgical castration increased ( P < 0.05 ) serum concentrations of LH and FSH. Both immunocastration and surgical castration consistently reduced hypothalamic GnRH synthesis, with decreased ( P < 0.05 ) mRNA expressions of GnRH , GnRH up-stream gatekeeper genes kiss1 and its receptor ( GPR54 ), and androgen receptor in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV), as well as GnRH content in the median eminence. Inconsistently, mRNA expressions of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone ( GnIH ) in ARC and AVPV as well as its receptor ( GPR147 ) in pituitary were selectively reduced ( P < 0.05 ), but mRNA expressions of estrogen receptor alpha and aromatase ( CPY17A1 ) in pituitary were selectively increased ( P < 0.05 ) in surgical castrates. In response to selectively attenuated suppressive signaling from GnIH and testosterone, mRNA expressions of GnRH receptor ( GnRHR ), LH-β and FSH-β in pituitary were increased ( P < 0.05 ) in surgical castrates, whereas these pituitary gene expressions were decreased ( P < 0.05 ) in immunocastrates, due to loss of hypothalamic GnRH signaling. We concluded that immunocastration and surgical castration consistently reduced hypothalamic GnRH synthesis due to a testosterone deficiency disrupting testosterone-Kisspeptin-GPR54-GnRH signaling pathways. Furthermore, selectively attenuated GnIH and testosterone signaling in the pituitary increased gonadotropin production in surgical castrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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3. Chemical castration in cattle with intratesticular injection of sodium chloride: Effects on stress and inflammatory markers

Author

Leonardo G. Oliveira, Fernando Caetano de Oliveira, A. D. Vieira, Thomaz Lucia, Rafael Gianella Mondadori, Bernardo Garziera Gasperin, Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves, C. S. Haas, Augusto Schneider, Monique Tomazele Rovani, and C. E. R. Ferreira

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Hydrocortisone, 040301 veterinary sciences, Sodium, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Body Temperature, 0403 veterinary science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Calcium Chloride, Food Animals, Surgical castration, Internal medicine, Testis, Medicine, Animals, Small Animals, Chemical castration, Saline Solution, Hypertonic, Equine, business.industry, Aryldialkylphosphatase, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Endocrinology, Castration, Coagulative necrosis, chemistry, Scrotum, Animal Science and Zoology, Cattle, business, Orchiectomy, Serum cortisol, Calcification
Abstract

Intratesticular injection (ITI) of sodium chloride (NaCl) is efficient for chemical castration of young calves, but its effects on calves welfare are unknown. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of ITI of 20% NaCl on stress and inflammatory markers in calves less than 20 days old and to assess the efficiency of ITI of 30% NaCl in 5 months old calves. In Experiment 1, control calves were only restrained and compared to calves submitted to castration through surgery (SC) and ITI with 20% NaCl (n = 9/group). No differences were observed for the eye corner temperature measured by thermography from 60 s before to 60 s after the procedures (P > 0.05). In the SC group, acute serum cortisol levels increased at 30 and 60 min after the procedure, but increased levels in the ITI group occurred only at 30 min (P 0.05). Scrotal temperature was higher at D1 in the SC group than for the other groups, but lowest at D4 compared to the control (both P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, histological sections of testes were compared after ITI with either 30% NaCl or 30% calcium chloride (CaCl2), to intact calves (control). After 60 days, intact seminiferous tubules and mediastinum were observed after ITI with 30% NaCl, whereas coagulative necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and calcification occurred after ITI with 30% CaCl2. Efficient chemical castration through ITI of 20% NaCl in young calves was followed by slight stress and inflammatory responses compared to surgical castration. However, ITI of 30% NaCl was ineffective for chemical castration of 5 months old calves.

Published
2016

4. Changes in blood testosterone concentrations after surgical and chemical sterilization of male free-roaming dogs in southern Chile

Author

María J. Forzán, G. E. Pérez, James A. Serpell, Raphaël Vanderstichel, and E. Garde

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Necrosis, Chemosterilants, Body weight, Gluconates, Blood testosterone, Free roaming, Dogs, Food Animals, Internal medicine, Surgical castration, Medicine, Animals, Testosterone, Orchiectomy, Small Animals, Equine, business.industry, Sterilization, Reproductive, Endocrinology, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, business, Body condition, After treatment
Abstract

There is a growing interest in chemical sterilization as an alternative to surgical castration in large-scale sterilization campaigns to control canine populations. An important step toward understanding the short-term and long-term effects of chemical sterilants is to determine their impact on blood testosterone concentrations, particularly as these could influence dog behavior after treatment. A field trial was conducted with 118 free-roaming male dogs in the Chilean Patagonia, where 36 dogs were chemically sterilized using EsterilSol, 39 dogs were surgically castrated, and 43 dogs remained intact as controls. Blood testosterone levels were determined at four time periods: on enrollment 6 months before treatment (t-6m), at the time of treatment (t0, within one hour after surgical castration or chemical sterilization and during a concurrent 2-week period for the control group), four (t+4m), and six (t+6m) months after treatment. Intrinsic and temporal factors were evaluated; age was significantly associated with testosterone, where dogs 2- to 4-year-old had the highest testosterone concentrations (P = 0.036), whereas body weight and body condition scores were not associated with testosterone; testosterone concentration was not influenced by time of day, month, or season. After treatment (t+4m and t+6m), all of the surgically castrated dogs had testosterone concentrations below 1.0 ng/mL. On the basis of this cut point (

Published
2014

5. Surgical castration of the male common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius)

Author

Robert Hermes, Joseph Saragusty, Gabrielle Stalder, Thierry Petit, Igal Horowitz, and Chris Walzer

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adult male, Physiology, Surgical methods, chemistry.chemical_compound, Food Animals, biology.animal, Surgical castration, Testis, medicine, Animals, Small Animals, Ultrasonography, Mammals, biology, Equine, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, Surgery, Hippopotamus amphibius, Aggression, Castration, chemistry, Hippopotamus, Animal Science and Zoology, business, Orchiectomy
Abstract

In a prospective, clinical, surgery study we report here for the first time, in detail, on the surgical castration of 10 captive adult male common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius). The successful procedures, a species-specific modification of standard equine castration techniques, provide valuable insight into the spatially dynamic nature of the common hippopotamus testis. The use of ultrasonography to locate the testis before and during the procedures and species-specific positioning during surgery greatly facilitated this distinctive procedure. Additionally, this surgical method provides an important additional tool for captive management of the common hippopotamus. Castration of individual males not only facilitates population control but can potentially also be employed to limit intermale aggression.

Published
2013

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