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Abstract: The spherical cavity expansion theory is applied. Considered are the effects of the resistance of the projectile nose and the friction of the projectile shank on the penetration depths and residual velocities of the projectiles. By progressively increasing the depth of penetration into double-layered composite targets, we adopted numerical calculation manner to develop the analytical model that determined the residual velocities, ballistic limit velocities, and penetration depths of the ogival nose projectiles during normal impact with double-layered composite targets of varying thicknesses. We also used NATO 0.30″ armor piercing (AP) bullets to strike double-layered composite targets made from 6061-T651 aluminum, 5083-H116 aluminum, polycarbonate (PC), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates for the ballistic tests. The analytical model predictions show well agreement with experimental results from Dey et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct. 44 (2007) 6701–6723.), Børvik et al. (Proceedings of the SEM Annual Conference, 2009), and the present ballistic tests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]