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A regional analysis of soil temperature (ST) is essential for improving our understanding of the soil thermal regime and its link with the atmosphere. This study attempts to assess trends in the Poyang Lake Basin (PLB) ST magnitude during 1960–2016 from station observations at multiple depths. The Mann–Kendall, Thiel-Sen, linear regression, and probability density statistics (PDF) are used for ST trend assessment with a significance level of 95%. The ST seasonal variability shows minimum values in winter (8℃) and maximum in the summer season (32 ℃). On an interannual scale, spring and winter seasons exhibited a significant increase in both land surface temperature (LST) (0.4℃, 0.4℃) and ST (0.3 °C, 0.15℃) magnitude than summer (LST − 0.1℃, ST 0.2℃) and autumn seasons (LST 0.3℃, ST 0.2℃). The northern basin exhibited a significant increase in LST, and ST magnitude, especially during the cold seasons (spring, winter) than the warm seasons. The maximum and minimum temperature trend and their diurnal difference infer an increase in the minimum temperature, especially during the summer, autumn, and winter seasons. The PDF further inferred that extreme cold events' frequency decreased, and a significant increase in extreme warm events is obvious in the recent decade. The increasing trend in soil temperature magnitude is more in the northern basin than the high-altitude southern basin. Large-scale global warming and regional water and energy cycle changes can be the leading factors of such a warming trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Publisher's note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Correction to: Long-term changes in observed soil temperature over Poyang Lake Basin, China, during 1960-2016 Dan Lou SP 2 sp - Xiao Shi SP 1,3 sp - Waheed Ullah SP 4 sp - Dawei Shi SP 5 sp - Chao Li SP 6 sp - Yuanfang Chai SP 7 sp - Xu Jinping SP 8 sp - Hao Zhou SP 9 sp 1 China Meteorological Administration Transportation Meteorology Key Laboratory, Nanjing 210008, China 2 Glarun Technology Co., ltd., Nanjing 211100, China 3 Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, Meteorological Services Center, Nanjing, China 4 Defense and Security, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi 114646, United Arab Emirates 5 Lianyungang Meteorological Bureau, Lianyungang 222000, China 6 Jiangsu Meteorological Observatory, Nanjing 210008, China 7 Department of Earth Sciences, V.U. University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 8 Anji Meteorological Bureau, Anji 313300, China 9 Peixian Meteorological Bureau, Xuzhou 221000, China The original article has been corrected. [Extracted from the article]