1. Genotoxic and inflammatory effects of spruce and brown coal briquettes combustion aerosols on lung cells at the air-liquid interface
- Author
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Pasi Jalava, Heikki Suhonen, Narges Rastak, Miika Kortelainen, Sebastiano Di Bucchianico, Jani Leskinen, Pasi Yli-Pirilä, Anni Hartikainen, Patrick Martens, Teemu J. Rönkkö, Ali Önder Yildirim, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, Olli Sippula, Stefanie Bauer, Jürgen Orasche, Ralf Zimmermann, Bernhard Michalke, Hendryk Czech, Tuukka Ihantola, Heikki Lamberg, Jarkko Tissari, Jorma Jokiniemi, Mika Ihalainen, Maria-Viola Martikainen, Henri Hakkarainen, and Mirella Miettinen
- Subjects
Briquette ,Environmental Engineering ,Biomass ,Combustion ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,Coal ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Lung ,A549 cell ,Aerosols ,Air Pollutants ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,respiratory system ,Particulates ,Solid fuel ,Pollution ,Ali ,Cytotoxicity ,Genotoxicity ,Inflammation ,Pm ,Environmental chemistry ,Particulate Matter ,business ,DNA Damage - Abstract
Solid fuel usage in residential heating and cooking is one of the largest sources of ambient and indoor air particulate matter, which causes adverse effects on the health of millions of peoples worldwide. Emissions from solid fuel combustion, such as biomass or coal, are detrimental to health, but toxicological responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we compared the toxicological responses regarding cytotoxicity, inflammation and genotoxicity of spruce (SPR) and brown coal briquette (BCB) combustion aerosols on human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) as well as a coculture of A549 and differentiated human monocytic cells (THP-1) into macrophages exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI). We included both the high emissions from the first hour and moderate emissions from the third hour of the batch combustion experiment in one ALI system, whereas, in the second ALI system, we exposed the cells during the whole 4-hour combustion experiment, including all combustion phases. Physico-chemical properties of the combustion aerosol were analysed both online and offline. Both SPR and BCB combustion aerosols caused mild cytotoxic but notable genotoxic effects in co-cultured A549 cells after one-hour exposure. Inflammatory response analysis revealed BCB combustion aerosols to cause a mild increase in CXCL1 and CXCL8 levels, but in the case of SPR combustion aerosol, a decrease compared to control was observed.
- Published
- 2021