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Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice of preventive measures againstdengue fever among medical students of Quaid-e-Azasm medical college and engineeringstudents of Islamia university, Bahawalpur. Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Period:September 2012 to December 2012. Setting: Quaid-e-Azam Medial College and Engineeringwing of Islamia University Bahawalpur. Material and method: Sample size calculated for study8 by expecting prevalence of knowledge 78% in population of 1000 in each group with 5% marginof error and at 95% confidence interval was 263; by adding 10% response error sample became290 for each population. Individuals for study were selected by simple random sampling andinterviewed by using preformed questionnaire. Obtained data was analyzed by using SPSSversion 11. For categorization of knowledge and preventive practices against dengue fever intogood, satisfactory insufficient and poor scoring was done. Results: knowledge of protectivemeasures against dengue fever was found significantly better among medical than engineeringgroup (p85%while this knowledge with regard to covering of collected water, disposal of broken bottles andtins, daily change of water in room cooler and space spray was 50% or less. However, knowledgeof biological control for mosquito breed with regard to use of snail was very poor i.e. 20% or less.As for as the practices of preventive measures were concerned both groups had no significantdifference which were very poor in all aspects except screening of rooms which was more than90%. Conclusions: There is dire need for improvement in both knowledge and practices ofpreventive measures against dengue fever among students and general population.

Objective: To find out the prevalence and determinants of dental caries among patients attending dental OPD. Design:Descriptive Cross sectional study. Place & Duration: Dental out Patient Department, Bahawal Victoria Hospital and period was August tillNovember, 2010. Methodology: Data was collected with the help of predesigned Questionnaire. A Convenient sample of 05 eligiblerespondents was examined on daily basis till completion of sample size. Caries was assessed by using DMFT scale. Analysis of data wascarried out with the help of computer SPSS version 11. Chi square test was used to see the association between different variables,(brushing atnight, daily brushing, sugary food intake) define the variables. The level of significance was taken as p

Objective: To find-out the determinants of malnutrition in children between sixmonths to five years age in Bahawalpur. Study Design: This was an observational descriptive cross – sectional study.Setting: At Paediatric Medicine out – patient department in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur.. Period: From Feb.2005 to March 2007.Subjects: Eleven hundred children with malnutrition having ages six months to five years. Mainoutcome measures. Determinants of malnutrition in children under – 5 in Bahawalpur. Results: This study consistsof 1100 sick children between the ages six months to five years brought by their parents (mother) to the PediatricMedicine out-patient department in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Only the children with malnutrition(undernutrition) were included in the study population. Mothers of these children were interviewed and clinicalexamination of each child was carried-out to find-out the causes of malnutrition in them. According to Gome’sclassification, 39.45% of them had first degree malnutrition, 37.10%, second degree and 23.45%, third degreemalnutrition. Conclusion: The major causes of malnutrition found in our study population included: Illiteracy; food –fads; poverty; lack of breast-feeding; improper weaning; diarrhea and respiratory diseases. All these factors werestatistically significant.

Objective: To find out the relationship, if any, between womenempowerment and their fertility behaviour. Design: A cross sectional descriptive study. Place & duration of study:The study was conducted in selected area of Bahawalpur City. The data was collected from March to June 2003.Subjects & methods: A total number of 872 households were selected by systematic random selection from upper,middle and lower class. Data was collected from eligible respondent (currently married women of reproductive agegroup 15-49 year having at least one child of 3 years age) through a pre-designed questionnaire. Independent variableempowerment of women was calculated by giving score to education, occupation and autonomy at micro level.Dependent variables (fertility and use of contraception) were assessed for significance by applying chi square test.Results: 41.9% high empowered women were in the opinion that birth of a male child did not provide security (p