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acyclovir, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, doxycycline, and phenytoin. Serology tests for HIV, adenoviruses, herpes simplex, mycoplasma, and brucella were negative. Titre of antibodies against enteroviruses, tested by complement fixation test, rose from 1:32 to 1:1024. The patient made a rapid and full recovery with no detectable neurological deficit and was discharged 8 days later. Aseptic meningitis and encephalitis are increasingly recognised as a complication of non-polio enterovirus infections. They are very rare in healthy adults with intact humoral immunity. Further studies are needed to investigate whether severe encephalitis is caused by an exceptionally virulent subtype of enterovirus, perhaps in a host with an undetected defect of the immune system.