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1. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Ong, Kanyin Liane, Stafford, Lauryn K, McLaughlin, Susan A, Boyko, Edward J, Vollset, Stein Emil, Smith, Amanda E, Dalton, Bronte E, Duprey, Joe, Cruz, Jessica A, Hagins, Hailey, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Aali, Amirali, Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abate, Melsew Dagne, Abbasian, Mohammadreza, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd ElHafeez, Samar, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abdulah, Deldar Morad, Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md, Abedi, Vida, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Adane, Tigist Demssew, Adane, Denberu Eshetie, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adepoju, Abiola Victor, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Afolabi, Rotimi Felix, Agarwal, Gina, Aghdam, Zahra Babaei, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Ajami, Marjan, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz, AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali, Alalwan, Tariq A, Al-Aly, Ziyad, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alemi, Sharifullah, Ali, Hassam, Alinia, Tahereh, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amiri, Sohrab, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansar, Adnan, Ansari, Golnoosh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Arifin, Hidayat, Arkew, Mesay, Armocida, Benedetta, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artamonov, Anton A, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Arumugam, Ashokan, Aryan, Zahra, Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Askari, Elaheh, Asmelash, Daniel, Astell-Burt, Thomas, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awaisu, Ahmed, Azadnajafabad, Sina, B, Darshan B, Babamohamadi, Hassan, Badar, Muhammad, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nasser, Bagherieh, Sara, Bah, Sulaiman, Bahadory, Saeed, Bai, Ruhai, Baig, Atif Amin, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Baradaran, Hamid Reza, Barchitta, Martina, Bardhan, Mainak, Barengo, Noel C, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barrow, Amadou, Bashiri, Hamideh, Basiru, Afisu, Basu, Sanjay, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Batra, Kavita, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Behnoush, Amir Hossein, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Belo, Luis, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhat, Ajay Nagesh, Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh, Bikbov, Boris, Bilal, Faiq, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Bitaraf, Saeid, Bitra, Veera R, Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna, Bodolica, Virginia, Boloor, Archith, Brauer, Michael, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Brenner, Hermann, Butt, Zahid A, Calina, Daniela, Campos, Luciana Aparecida, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cao, Yin, Cao, Chao, Car, Josip, Carvalho, Márcia, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chadwick, Joshua, Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K, Chanie, Gashaw Sisay, Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Kirti, Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad, Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw, Chen, Simiao, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chichagi, Fatemeh, Chidambaram, Saravana Babu, Cho, William C S, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Chowdhury, Enayet Karim, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Coberly, Kaleb, Columbus, Alyssa, Contreras, Daniela, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Cuschieri, Sarah, Dabo, Bashir, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Dandona, Rakhi, Dandona, Lalit, Das, Saswati, Dascalu, Ana Maria, Dash, Nihar Ranjan, Dashti, Mohsen, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa, Debele, Gebiso Roba, Delpasand, Kourosh, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Deng, Xinlei, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deo, Salil V, Dervišević, Emina, Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai, Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw, Dessie, Anteneh Mengist, Desta, Fikreab, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dey, Sourav, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhimal, Meghnath, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Dinu, Monica, Diress, Mengistie, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dongarwar, Deepa, dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter, Duncan, Bruce B, Dutta, Siddhartha, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Edinur, Hisham Atan, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Elgendy, Islam Y, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou, Elmonem, Mohamed A, Endeshaw, Destaw, Esayas, Hawi Leul, Eshetu, Habitu Birhan, Etaee, Farshid, Fadhil, Ibtihal, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Falahi, Shahab, Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fazli, Ghazal, Feng, Xiaoqi, Ferede, Tomas Y, Fischer, Florian, Flood, David, Forouhari, Ali, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gaihre, Santosh, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galali, Yaseen, Ganesan, Balasankar, Garcia-Gordillo, MA, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Getacher, Lemma, Ghadirian, Fataneh, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Guan, Shi-Yang, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Kartik, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gyawali, Bishal, Haddadi, Rasool, Hadi, Najah R, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Hajibeygi, Ramtin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Hannan, Md Abdul, Haque, Shafiul, Harandi, Hamid, Harlianto, Netanja I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasan, Syed Shahzad, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Mohammed Bheser, Haubold, Johannes, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Hessami, Kamran, Hiraike, Yuta, Holla, Ramesh, Hossain, Sahadat, Hossain, Md Shakhaoat, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hosseinzadeh, Hassan, Huang, Junjie, Huda, Md Nazmul, Hussain, Salman, Huynh, Hong-Han, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Afrin, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iso, Hiroyasu, Isola, Gaetano, Itumalla, Ramaiah, Iwagami, Masao, Iwu, Chidozie C D, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Iyasu, Assefa N, Jacob, Louis, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Rajesh, Jaja, Chinwe, Jamalpoor, Zahra, Jamshidi, Elham, Janakiraman, Balamurugan, Jayanna, Krishnamurthy, Jayapal, Sathish Kumar, Jayaram, Shubha, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jebai, Rime, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jin, Yinzi, Jokar, Mohammad, Jonas, Jost B, Joseph, Nitin, Joseph, Abel, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kabthymer, Robel Hussen, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kandel, Himal, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karkhah, Samad, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kaur, Navjot, Kazemian, Sina, Kebede, Sewnet Adem, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalaji, Amirmohammad, Khan, Moien AB, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ajmal, Khanal, Saval, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khater, Amir M, Khateri, Sorour, khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Biruk Getahun, Kim, Min Seo, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kisa, Adnan, Kivimäki, Mika, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Komaki, Somayeh, Kompani, Farzad, Koohestani, Hamid Reza, Korzh, Oleksii, Kostev, Karel, Kothari, Nikhil, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kuddus, Md Abdul, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Harish, Kundu, Satyajit, Kurniasari, Maria Dyah, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lallukka, Tea, Larijani, Bagher, Larsson, Anders O, Latief, Kamaluddin, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Le, Trang Thi Bich, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Paul H, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Seung Won, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Lenzi, Jacopo, Li, Yongze, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Lim, Lee-Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Chaojie, Lo, Chun-Han, Lopes, Graciliana, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lozano, Rafael, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Maghazachi, Azzam A, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Mahmoudi, Razzagh, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mai, Anh Tuan, Majeed, Azeem, Majma Sanaye, Pantea, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Malik, Iram, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Mansouri, Borhan, Marateb, Hamid Reza, Mardi, Parham, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Masoudi, Reza, Masoudi, Sahar, Mathews, Elezebeth, Maugeri, Andrea, Mazzaglia, Giampiero, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mini, GK, Miranda, J Jaime, Mirfakhraie, Reza, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Misganaw, Awoke, Misgina, Kebede Haile, Mishra, Manish, Moazen, Babak, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mohsen, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadshahi, Marita, Mohseni, Alireza, Mojiri-forushani, Hoda, Mokdad, Ali H, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moniruzzaman, Md, Mons, Ute, Montazeri, Fateme, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mossialos, Elias, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mulita, Francesk, Mulita, Admir, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mwita, Julius C, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nangia, Vinay, Nargus, Shumaila, Naser, Abdallah Y, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Nguyen, Hien Quang, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nizam, Muhammad A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noreen, Mamoona, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Oancea, Bogdan, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Ojha, Vivek Anand, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Okwute, Patrick Godwin, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ordak, Michal, Ortiz, Alberto, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panagiotakos, Demosthenes, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Ashok, Pandey, Anamika, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Pardhan, Shahina, Parekh, Tarang, Parekh, Utsav, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Jay, Patel, Jenil R, Paudel, Uttam, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Pereira, Marcos, Perico, Norberto, Perna, Simone, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily, Podder, Vivek, Postma, Maarten J, Pourali, Ghazaleh, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prates, Elton Junio Sady, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Qattea, Ibrahim, Raee, Pourya, Rafique, Ibrar, Rahimi, Mehran, Rahimifard, Mahban, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Md Mosfequr, Rahmani, Mohamed, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum, Rahnavard, Niloufar, Rajbhandari, Bibek, Ram, Pradhum, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rana, Juwel, Rancic, Nemanja, Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz, Rao, Chythra R, Rapaka, Deepthi, Rasali, Drona Prakash, Rashedi, Sina, Rashedi, Vahid, Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Rengasamy, Kannan RR, Renzaho, Andre M N, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezazadeh, Hossein, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Rias, Yohanes Andy, Riaz, Muhammad, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rodrigues, Mónica, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Rohloff, Peter, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roustazadeh, Abazar, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saad, Aly M A, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Sabzmakan, Leila, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safi, Sare, Safi, Sher Zaman, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Harihar, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salahi, Saina, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Mohammad Amin, Salomon, Joshua A, Sanabria, Juan, Sanjeev, Rama Krishna, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Sargazi, Saman, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sawhney, Monika, Schlaich, Markus P, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schuermans, Art, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaghat, Tahereh, Shafeghat, Melika, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shahid, Samiah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Shiri, Rahman, Shittu, Aminu, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri, Fereshteh, Shuval, Kerem, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simpson, Colin R, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Solikhah, Solikhah, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Somayaji, Ranjani, Sorensen, Reed J D, Starodubova, Antonina V, Sujata, Sujata, Suleman, Muhammad, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabish, Mohammad, Taheri, Majid, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taki, Elahe, Tamuzi, Jacques JL Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Taye, Birhan Tsegaw, Temesgen, Worku Animaw, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesler, Riki, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Thapa, Rajshree, Tharwat, Samar, Thomas, Nihal, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tonelli, Marcello, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Trico, Domenico, Trihandini, Indang, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tualeka, Abdul Rohim, Tufa, Derara Girma, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Ullah, Sana, Upadhyay, Era, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valizadeh, Rohollah, van Daalen, Kim Robin, Vart, Priya, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vaziri, Siavash, Verma, Madhur verma, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vo, Danh Cao, Wagaye, Birhanu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Ziyue, Wang, Yanqing, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse, Wei, Melissa Y Wei, Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wu, YiFan, Wulandari, Ratna DWI, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yada, Dereje Y, Yang, Lin, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yi, Siyan, Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret, Yonemoto, Naohiro, You, Yuyi, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zare, Iman, Zarea, Kourosh, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Jingjing, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zikarg, Yossef Teshome, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zuniga, Yves Miel H, Magliano, Dianna J, Murray, Christopher J L, Hay, Simon I, and Vos, Theo
Published: 2023
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2. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2019 Viewpoint, Murray, Christopher JL, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abedi, Parisa, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael RM, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adelson, Jaimie D, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Albertson, Samuel B, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Almulhim, Abdulaziz M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Bekalu, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Saeed, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Amugsi, Dickson A, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Tudorel, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Anvari, Davood, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aripov, Timur, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Ausloos, Floriane, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Darshan, BB, Babaee, Ebrahim, and Badawi, Alaa
Subjects: Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Birth Rate, Delivery of Health Care, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Male, Noncommunicable Diseases, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, GBD 2019 Viewpoint Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD 2019 incorporates data from 281 586 sources and provides more than 3·5 billion estimates of health outcome and health system measures of interest for global, national, and subnational policy dialogue. All GBD estimates are publicly available and adhere to the Guidelines on Accurate and Transparent Health Estimate Reporting. From this vast amount of information, five key insights that are important for health, social, and economic development strategies have been distilled. These insights are subject to the many limitations outlined in each of the component GBD capstone papers.
Published: 2020

3. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Murray, Christopher JL, Callender, Charlton SKH, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, Srinivasan, Vinay, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdoli, Nasrin, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy Maria Xavier, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi, Ali, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Arian, Nicholas, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Assadi, Reza, Atey, Tesfay Mehari Mehari, and Atique, Suleman
Subjects: Health Sciences, Behavioral and Social Science, Contraception/Reproduction, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Aging, Aetiology, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Birth Rate, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Maternal Age, Middle Aged, Mortality, Population Density, Population Growth, Young Adult, GBD 2017 Population and Fertility Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: BackgroundPopulation estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods.MethodsWe estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10-54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10-14 years and 50-54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15-19 years and 45-49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories.FindingsFrom 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4-52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5-4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2-2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10-19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34-40) to 22 livebirths (19-24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3-200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5-2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4-7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15-64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9-1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8-7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07-0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2-2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3-0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0-3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger.InterpretationPopulation trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

4. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2017 Causes of Death, Roth, Gregory A, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Aminde, Leopold N, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Arora, Monika, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Bacha, Umar, Badali, Hamid, and Badawi, Alaa
Subjects: Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundGlobal development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017.MethodsThe causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries-Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), to generate cause fractions and cause-specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised.FindingsAt the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72·5-74·1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 18·6% (17·9-19·6), and injuries 8·0% (7·7-8·2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22·7% (21·5-23·9), representing an additional 7·61 million (7·20-8·01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7·9% (7·0-8·8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 22·2% (20·0-24·0) and the death rate by 31·8% (30·1-33·3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2·3% (0·5-4·0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13·7% (12·2-15·1) to 57·9 deaths (55·9-59·2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118·0% (88·8-148·6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36·4% (32·2-40·6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33·6% (31·2-36·1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990-neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases-were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases.InterpretationImprovements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

5. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: James, Spencer L, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alouani, Mohamed ML, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Aminde, Leopold N, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arabloo, Jalal, Arauz, Antonio, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahroom, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ataro, Zerihun, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, and Bali, Ayele Geleto
Subjects: Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Disabled Persons, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Prevalence, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data.MethodsWe estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting.FindingsGlobally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs s1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]).InterpretationGlobal all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

6. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2017 SDG, Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, Abyu, Gebre Y, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Albujeer, Ammar, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Alhabib, Samia, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Almasi, Ali, Al-Maskari, Fatma, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, and Anwari, Palwasha
Subjects: Prevention, Pediatric, Good Health and Well Being, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Goals, Health Status, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Male, Mortality, Risk Factors, Sex Offenses, Sustainable Development, United Nations, GBD 2017 SDG Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundEfforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of "leaving no one behind", it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990-2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment.MethodsWe measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator.FindingsThe global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4-67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6-14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1-86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030.InterpretationThe GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains-curative interventions in the case of NCDs-towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions-or inaction-today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2017 Risk Factor, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Afshin, Ashkan, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Lim, Stephen S, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abera, Semaw F, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Adamu, Abdu A, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Admasie, Amha, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Anju, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Komal, Ali, Syed Mustafa, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Ammar, Walid, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antó, Josep M, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayer, Rakesh, and Ayuk, Tambe B
Subjects: Prevention, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Disabled Persons, Environmental Exposure, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Health Risk Behaviors, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Occupational Exposure, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Assessment, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, GBD 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundThe Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk-outcome associations.MethodsWe used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.FindingsIn 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3-35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14-1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6-62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3-50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39-11·5) deaths and 218 million (198-237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83-7·37] deaths and 182 million [173-193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23-8·23] deaths and 171 million [144-201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99-6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6-202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36-1·51] deaths and 139 million [131-147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3-6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low.InterpretationBy quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

8. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2017 Mortality, Dicker, Daniel, Nguyen, Grant, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdi, Alireza, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Pawan, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adib, Mina G, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, Ahmed, Sayem, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akanda, Ali S, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alebel, Animut, Aleman, Alicia V, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Raghib, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine A, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, Ansari, Hossein, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Megha, and Artaman, Al
Subjects: Behavioral and Social Science, Pediatric, Prevention, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Aetiology, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundAssessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the United States Census Bureau, WHO, and as part of previous iterations of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD). Previous iterations of the GBD used population estimates from UNPOP, which were not derived in a way that was internally consistent with the estimates of the numbers of deaths in the GBD. The present iteration of the GBD, GBD 2017, improves on previous assessments and provides timely estimates of the mortality experience of populations globally.MethodsThe GBD uses all available data to produce estimates of mortality rates between 1950 and 2017 for 23 age groups, both sexes, and 918 locations, including 195 countries and territories and subnational locations for 16 countries. Data used include vital registration systems, sample registration systems, household surveys (complete birth histories, summary birth histories, sibling histories), censuses (summary birth histories, household deaths), and Demographic Surveillance Sites. In total, this analysis used 8259 data sources. Estimates of the probability of death between birth and the age of 5 years and between ages 15 and 60 years are generated and then input into a model life table system to produce complete life tables for all locations and years. Fatal discontinuities and mortality due to HIV/AIDS are analysed separately and then incorporated into the estimation. We analyse the relationship between age-specific mortality and development status using the Socio-demographic Index, a composite measure based on fertility under the age of 25 years, education, and income. There are four main methodological improvements in GBD 2017 compared with GBD 2016: 622 additional data sources have been incorporated; new estimates of population, generated by the GBD study, are used; statistical methods used in different components of the analysis have been further standardised and improved; and the analysis has been extended backwards in time by two decades to start in 1950.FindingsGlobally, 18·7% (95% uncertainty interval 18·4-19·0) of deaths were registered in 1950 and that proportion has been steadily increasing since, with 58·8% (58·2-59·3) of all deaths being registered in 2015. At the global level, between 1950 and 2017, life expectancy increased from 48·1 years (46·5-49·6) to 70·5 years (70·1-70·8) for men and from 52·9 years (51·7-54·0) to 75·6 years (75·3-75·9) for women. Despite this overall progress, there remains substantial variation in life expectancy at birth in 2017, which ranges from 49·1 years (46·5-51·7) for men in the Central African Republic to 87·6 years (86·9-88·1) among women in Singapore. The greatest progress across age groups was for children younger than 5 years; under-5 mortality dropped from 216·0 deaths (196·3-238·1) per 1000 livebirths in 1950 to 38·9 deaths (35·6-42·83) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, with huge reductions across countries. Nevertheless, there were still 5·4 million (5·2-5·6) deaths among children younger than 5 years in the world in 2017. Progress has been less pronounced and more variable for adults, especially for adult males, who had stagnant or increasing mortality rates in several countries. The gap between male and female life expectancy between 1950 and 2017, while relatively stable at the global level, shows distinctive patterns across super-regions and has consistently been the largest in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia, and smallest in south Asia. Performance was also variable across countries and time in observed mortality rates compared with those expected on the basis of development.InterpretationThis analysis of age-sex-specific mortality shows that there are remarkably complex patterns in population mortality across countries. The findings of this study highlight global successes, such as the large decline in under-5 mortality, which reflects significant local, national, and global commitment and investment over several decades. However, they also bring attention to mortality patterns that are a cause for concern, particularly among adult men and, to a lesser extent, women, whose mortality rates have stagnated in many countries over the time period of this study, and in some cases are increasing.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

9. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Aboyans, Victor, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Acharya, Pawan, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Ademi, Zanfina, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adib, Mina G, Adsuar, Jose C, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayem, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alashi, Alaa, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Alonso, Jordi, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Aminde, Leopold N, Amini, Erfan, Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Anwari, Palwasha, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arora, Amit, Arora, Megha, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Asayesh, Hamid, Ataro, Zerihun, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S, Babazadeh, Arefeh, Badali, Hamid, and Balakrishnan, Kalpana
Subjects: Prevention, Aging, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Communicable Diseases, Disabled Persons, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Health Status, Healthy Lifestyle, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, Mortality, Mortality, Premature, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Wounds and Injuries, GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine
Abstract: BackgroundHow long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years.MethodsWe used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males.FindingsGlobally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2).InterpretationWith increasing life expectancy in most countries, the question of whether the additional years of life gained are spent in good health or poor health has been increasingly relevant because of the potential policy implications, such as health-care provisions and extending retirement ages. In some locations, a large proportion of those additional years are spent in poor health. Large inequalities in HALE and disease burden exist across countries in different SDI quintiles and between sexes. The burden of disabling conditions has serious implications for health system planning and health-related expenditures. Despite the progress made in reducing the burden of communicable diseases and neonatal disorders in low SDI countries, the speed of this progress could be increased by scaling up proven interventions. The global trends among non-communicable diseases indicate that more effort is needed to maximise HALE, such as risk prevention and attention to upstream determinants of health.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

10. Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Haakenstad, Annie, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Knight, Megan, Bintz, Corinne, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Gupta, Vin, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Agarwal, Gina, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alanzi, Turki M, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alipour, Vahid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Arabloo, Jalal, Aremu, Olatunde, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Banach, Maciej, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barthelemy, Celine M, Bayati, Mohsen, Benzian, Habib, Berman, Adam E, Bienhoff, Kelly, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Biondi, Antonio, Boloor, Archith, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carvalho, Felix, Chansa, Collins, Chattu, Soosanna Kumary, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Daryani, Ahmad, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Doshi, Chirag P, Doshmangir, Leila, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, El Tantawi, Maha, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Foigt, Nataliya A, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fullman, Nancy, Gad, Mohamed M, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Glucksman, Thomas, Goudarzi, Houman, Gupta, Rajat Das, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hay, Simon I, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Henry, Nathaniel J, Hole, Michael K, Hossain, Naznin, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Imani-Nasab, Mohammad-Hasan, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Joshi, Ankur, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kayode, Gbenga A, Khalid, Nauman, Khatab, Khaled, Kisa, Adnan, Kochhar, Sonali, Krishan, Kewal, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Larsson, Anders O, Leasher, Janet L, LeGrand, Kate E, Lim, Lee-Ling, Mahotra, Narayan B, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Manjunatha, Narayana, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mini, GK, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Naghavi, Mohsen, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Pakhare, Abhijit P, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Pham, Hai Quang, Pigott, David M, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rickard, Jennifer, Roever, Leonardo, Sahu, Maitreyi, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Seedat, Soraya, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Serván-Mori, Edson, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sheikh, Aziz, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Topp, Stephanie M, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Ullah, Saif, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Vlassov, Vasily, Vos, Theo, Yearwood, Jamal Akeem, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zerfu, Taddese Alemu, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael
Published: 2022
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11. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Griswold, Max G, Fullman, Nancy, Hawley, Caitlin, Arian, Nicholas, Zimsen, Stephanie RM, Tymeson, Hayley D, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Tapp, Austin Douglas, Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, Salama, Joseph S, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abate, Degu, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Zegeye, Aboyans, Victor, Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi, Acharya, Pawan, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Adsuar, Jose C, Afarideh, Mohsen, Agardh, Emilie Elisabet, Agarwal, Gina, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akseer, Nadia, Asfoor, Deena H Al, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Albujeer, Ammar, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Ali, Raghib, Ali, Syed Danish, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allebeck, Peter, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Aminde, Leopold N, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Angus, Colin, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K, Assadi, Reza, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide F, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe B, Azzopardi, Peter S, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barrero, Lope H, Basaleem, Huda, Baye, Estifanos, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Béjot, Yannick, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Saba Abraham, Bennett, Derrick A, Bensenor, Isabela M, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S, Beyene, Addisu Shunu, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhaumik, Soumyadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bililign, Nigus, Birlik, Sait Mentes, Birungi, Charles, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjørge, Tone, Borges, Guilherme, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Brenner, Hermann, and Butt, Zahid A
Subjects: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Women's Health, Alcoholism, Alcohol Use and Health, Substance Misuse, Prevention, Behavioral and Social Science, Aging, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Stroke, Cancer, Oral and gastrointestinal, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking, Cause of Death, Commerce, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Observational Studies as Topic, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Retrospective Studies, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Young Adult, GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: BackgroundAlcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older.MethodsUsing 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health.FindingsGlobally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1·5-3·0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6·8% (5·8-8·0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3·8% (95% UI 3·2-4·3) of female deaths and 12·2% (10·8-13·6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2·3% (95% UI 2·0-2·6) and male attributable DALYs were 8·9% (7·8-9·9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1·4% [95% UI 1·0-1·7] of total deaths), road injuries (1·2% [0·7-1·9]), and self-harm (1·1% [0·6-1·5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27·1% (95% UI 21·2-33·3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18·9% (15·3-22·6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0·0-0·8) standard drinks per week.InterpretationAlcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

12. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality, Fullman, Nancy, Yearwood, Jamal, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy MX, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Lami, Faris Hasan Al, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljunid, Syed M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Araújo, Valdelaine EM, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku, Asseffa, Netsanet Abera, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu S, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Azzopardi, Peter, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banstola, Amrit, Barber, Ryan M, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, and Bedi, Neeraj
Subjects: Health Services and Systems, Public Health, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Biodefense, Prevention, Vaccine Related, Good Health and Well Being, Communicable Diseases, Global Burden of Disease, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Noncommunicable Diseases, Quality of Health Care, Wounds and Injuries, GBD 2016 Healthcare Access and Quality Collaborators, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: BackgroundA key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016.MethodsDrawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita.FindingsIn 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries.InterpretationGBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle-SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view-and subsequent provision-of quality health care for all populations.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Published: 2018

13. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Roth, Gregory A., Collaborotors, G. B. D.Causes Death, Abate, Degu, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, Abay, Solomon M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi, Nooshin, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Load, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, Abebe, Molla, Abebe, Zegeye, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, Abera, Semaw F., Abil, Olifan Zewdie, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adookunboh, Olatunii, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, Adib, Mina G., Admasie, Aniha, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Karelia M., Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Melidi, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sayent, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, Aichour, Ibtihel, Aichour, Miloud Taki Fddine, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyeniti, Rufus Olusola, Akseer, Nadia, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Alandab, Fares, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alebel, Animut, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T., Aminde, Leopold N., Amini, Erfan, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampern, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Hossein, Aniha, Mustafa Geleto, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Anwari, Palwasha, Aremu, Olatunde, Arnlov, Johan, Arora, Amit, Arora, Monika, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna K., Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephremi Tsegay, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Atre, Sachin R., Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A., Awasthi, Ashish, Quintattilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayele, Yohanes, Ayer, Rakesh, Azzopardi, Peter S., Babazadeh, Arefeh, Bacha, Umar, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Ballesteros, Katherine E., Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Kajori, Bannick, Marlena S., Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyu, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope, Bassat, Quique, Base, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Beth, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Mcysam, Bejot, Yannick, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belacliew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Ezra, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bennett, Derrick A., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berman, Adam F., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Beuran, Mircea, Beyranvand, Tina, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhaumik, Sounayadeeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Biadgo, Belete, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shandaat, Bisanzio, Donal, Biswas, Tuhin, Blacker, Brigitte F., Basara, Berrak Bora, Borschmann, Rohan, Bosetti, Cristina, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Brady, Oliver J., Brant, Luisa C., Brayne, Carol, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Callender, Charlton S. K. H., Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Rincon, Julio Cesar Canapuzano, Cano, Jorge, Car, Mate, Cardenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carter, Austin, Carvalho, Felix, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo, Castle, Chris D., Castro, Clara, Castro, Franz, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chang, Jung -Chen, Chanson, Fiona J., Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Chitheet, Abdulaal, Chowdhury, Rajiv, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chiang, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cohen, Aaron J., Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowie, Benjamin C., Criqui, Michael H., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A., Cunningham, Matthew, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dang, Anh Kim, Dargan, Paul I., Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Siddharth K., Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, Jose, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davis, Adrian C., Weaver, Nicole Davis, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Degefa, Meaza Girma, Degenhardt, Louisa, Degfie, Tizta T., Deiparine, Selina, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demtsu, Baleen Betsu, Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Jarlais, Don C. Des, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Dey, Subhojit, Dhannaratne, Samath D., Dicker, Daniel, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, Ding, Eric L., Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Dokova, Klara, Ter Doku, David, Donnelly, Christl A., Dorsey, E. Ray, Doshi, Pratik P., Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim R., Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre R., Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Eggen, Anne Elise, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El-Khatib, Ziad, Elkout, Hajer, Eltinsel, Christian Lycke, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Er, Benjamin, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeili, Reza, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Fakhim, Hamed, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Fareed, Mohammad, Farhadi, Farzaneh, Faninha, Carla Sofia E. 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Jc, Ferrari, Aj, Feyissa, Gt, Foigt, Na, Foreman, Kj, Frank, Td, Fuller, Je, Fürst, T, Furtado, Jm, Futran, Nd, Garcia-Basteiro, Al, Garcia-Gordillo, Ma, Gardner, Wm, Gebre, Ak, Gebrehiwot, Tt, Gebremedhin, At, Gebremichael, Tg, Gelano, Tf, Geleijnse, Jm, Geramo, Ycd, Gething, Pw, Gezae, Ke, Ghadami, Mr, Gibney, Kb, Gill, Tk, Gillum, Rf, Ginawi, Ia, Goldberg, Em, Gómez-Dantés, H, Gona, Pn, Gopalani, Sv, Gorman, Tm, Goulart, Ac, Gnedovskaya, Ev, Gugnani, Hc, Guimaraes, Al, Gupta, Pc, Gutiérrez, Ra, Haagsma, Ja, Hagos, Tb, Hailegiyorgis, Tt, Hailu, Gb, Hamadeh, Rr, Handal, Aj, Hankey, Gj, Harb, Hl, Haro, Jm, Hassen, Hy, Hay, Rj, Hay, Si, Hegazy, Mi, Henry, Nj, Hibstu, Dt, Hoek, Hw, Hole, Mk, Hosgood, Hd, Hosseini, Sm, Hotez, Pj, Hoy, Dg, Huang, Jj, Hussen, Mm, Irvani, Ssn, Irvine, Cm, Islam, Sm, Jacobsen, Kh, Jain, Sk, Jalu, Mt, James, Sl, Jayatilleke, Au, Jenkins, Kj, Jha, Rp, Johnson, Co, Johnson, Sc, Jonas, Jb, Jozwiak, Jj, Jungari, Sb, Jürisson, M, Kassa, Dh, Kassa, Gm, Kassa, Td, Kassebaum, Nj, Katikireddi, Sv, Karyani, Ak, Kefale, At, Keiyoro, Pn, Kemp, Gr, Kengne, Ap, Kesavachandran, Cn, Khafaie, Ma, Khalil, Ia, Khan, Ea, Khan, Ma, Khang, Yh, Khater, Mm, Khoja, At, Khosravi, Mh, Kiadaliri, Aa, Kibret, Gd, Kidanemariam, Zt, Kiirithio, Dn, Kim, Ye, Kim, Yj, Kimokoti, Rw, Kivimäki, M, Knudsen, Ak, Kocarnik, Jm, Kopec, Ja, Koul, Pa, Kravchenko, Ma, Kumar, Ga, Kutz, Mj, Kyu, Hh, Lad, Dp, Lad, Sd, Lal, Dk, Lam, Jo, Lami, Fh, Lansingh, Vc, Larson, Hj, Lau, Km, Lazarus, Jv, Lee, Ph, Leshargie, Ct, Lim, Ll, Limenih, Ma, Lopez, Ad, Lotufo, Pa, Macarayan, Erk, Mackay, Mt, Maclachlan, Jh, Maddison, Er, Maghavani, Dp, Malta, Dc, Manda, Al, Mandarano-Filho, Lg, Mansournia, Ma, Mapoma, Cc, Maravilla, Jc, Marks, Gb, Martins-Melo, Fr, März, W, Marzan, Mb, Masci, Jr, Massenburg, Bb, Mathur, Mr, Maulik, Pk, Mcgrath, Jj, Mcmahon, Bj, Mehndiratta, Mm, Mehta, Km, Mekonnen, Tc, Memiah, Ptn, Memish, Za, Mengistu, Dt, Mensah, Ga, Mereta, St, Meretoja, Tj, Mezgebe, Hb, Millear, Ai, Miller, Tr, Miller-Petrie, Mk, Mini, Gk, Mirrakhimov, Em, Misganaw, At, Mohammad, Ka, Mohammed, Ma, Mokdad, Ah, Moreno Velásquez, I, Morrison, Sd, Moschos, Mm, Mousavi, Sm, Muchie, Kf, Mueller, Uo, Mumford, Je, Musa, Ki, Nachega, Jb, Nansseu, Jr, Nascimento, Br, Negoi, Ri, Newton, Crj, Ngalesoni, Fn, Ngunjiri, Jw, Nguyen, Aq, Nguyen, Ht, Nguyen, Lh, Nguyen, Th, Ningrum, Dna, Nirayo, Yl, Nixon, Mr, Norheim, Of, Noubiap, Jj, Nouri, Hr, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, M, Nowroozi, Mr, Odell, Cm, Ogbo, Fa, Oh, Ih, Olagunju, At, Olivares, Pr, Olsen, He, Olusanya, Bo, Olusanya, Jo, Ong, Kl, Ong, Sk, Orpana, Hm, Ortiz, Jr, Øverland, S, Owolabi, Mo, Özdemir, R, P A, M, Pakhare, Ap, Pakpour, Ah, Pandian, Jd, Park, Ek, Parry, Cdh, Patton, Gc, Paturi, Vr, Paulson, Kr, Pereira, Dm, Phillips, Mr, Piel, Fb, Pigott, Dm, Pillay, Jd, Postma, Mj, Purcell, Ca, Quistberg, Da, Rade, Kw, Radfar, A, Rafay, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, Mhu, Rahman, Ma, Rai, Rk, Ranabhat, Cl, Rao, Pc, Rawaf, Dl, Razo-García, C, Reiner, Rc, Reitsma, Mb, Renzaho, Amn, Riahi, Sm, Ribeiro, Alp, Rios-Blancas, Mj, Roba, Kt, Roberts, Nl, Robinson, Sr, Sahraian, Ma, Saldanha, Rf, Sambala, Ez, Samy, Am, Sanchez-Niño, Md, Santomauro, Df, Santos, Jv, Milicevic, Mm, Sao Jose, Bp, Sarker, Ar, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sawant, Ar, Schmidt, Mi, Schneider, Ijc, Schöttker, B, Schutte, Ae, Schwebel, Dc, Scott, Jg, Sepanlou, Sg, Serván-Mori, E, Shackelford, Ka, Shaheen, Aa, Shaikh, Ma, Shrime, Mg, Siddiqi, Tj, Sigfusdottir, Id, Silberberg, Dh, Silva, Da, Silva, Jp, Silva, Ntd, Silveira, Dga, Singh, Ja, Singh, Np, Singh, Pk, Sinha, Dn, Sobaih, Bh, Sorensen, Rjd, Soriano, Jb, Soyiri, In, Sposato, La, Sreeramareddy, Ct, Stanaway, Jd, Starodubov, Vi, Stein, Dj, Stewart, Lg, Stokes, Ma, Subart, Ml, Sufiyan, Mb, Sur, Pj, Sykes, Bl, Sylaja, Pn, Sylte, Do, Szoeke, Cei, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tadakamadla, Sk, Tassew, Sg, Tekalign, Tg, Tekle, Mg, Temsah, Mh, Teshale, My, Tessema, Ga, Thankappan, Kr, Thrift, Ag, Thurston, Gd, To, Qg, Torre, Ae, Tortajada-Girbés, M, Tovani-Palone, Mr, Tran, Bx, Tran, Kb, Troeger, Ce, Truelsen, Tc, Truong, Nt, Tsadik, Ag, Tuzcu, Em, Ukwaja, Kn, Undurraga, Ea, Updike, Rl, Uthman, Oa, Uzun, Sb, Valdez, Pr, Vasankari, Tj, Vladimirov, Sk, Vollset, Se, Wagner, Gr, Wallin, Mt, Walson, Jl, Wang, Yp, Wassie, Mm, Weintraub, Rg, Weldegwergs, Kg, Werkneh, Aa, West, Te, Whiteford, Ha, Wilner, Lb, Wolfe, Cda, Wu, Yc, Wyper, Gma, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Sh, Yan, Ll, Yasin, Yj, Yentür, Gk, Yimer, Em, Yirsaw, Bd, Yoon, Sj, Younis, Mz, Zaman, Sb, Zeleke, Aj, Zenebe, Zm, Zhang, Al, Zuhlke, Lj, and Murray, Cjl.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, national age-sex-specific mortality, UNITED-STATES, Global Health, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, GBD, causes of death, Young Adult, Age Distribution, Life Expectancy, General & Internal Medicine, Cause of Death, PUBLIC-HEALTH PROBLEM, mortality, 282 causes global burden of disease, Sex Distribution, Child, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, BARRIERS, DEMENTIA, Medicine (all), Infant, Newborn, Infant, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Middle Aged, TRENDS, PREVENTION, PREVALENCE, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, INDIVIDUALS, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Child, Preschool, REGISTRATION, Female, Human medicine, Human
Abstract: Background Global development goals increasingly rely on country-specific estimates for benchmarking a nation's progress. To meet this need, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 estimated global, regional, national, and, for selected locations, subnational cause-specific mortality beginning in the year 1980. Here we report an update to that study, making use of newly available data and improved methods. GBD 2017 provides a comprehensive assessment of cause-specific mortality for 282 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2017. Methods The causes of death database is composed of vital registration (VR), verbal autopsy (VA), registry, survey, police, and surveillance data. GBD 2017 added ten VA studies, 127 country-years of VR data, 502 cancer-registry country-years, and an additional surveillance country-year. Expansions of the GBD cause of death hierarchy resulted in 18 additional causes estimated for GBD 2017. Newly available data led to subnational estimates for five additional countries Ethiopia, Iran, New Zealand, Norway, and Russia. Deaths assigned International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes for non-specific, implausible, or intermediate causes of death were reassigned to underlying causes by redistribution algorithms that were incorporated into uncertainty estimation. We used statistical modelling tools developed for GBD, including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODErn), to generate cause fractions and cause specific death rates for each location, year, age, and sex. Instead of using UN estimates as in previous versions, GBD 2017 independently estimated population size and fertility rate for all locations. Years of life lost (YLLs) were then calculated as the sum of each death multiplied by the standard life expectancy at each age. All rates reported here are age-standardised. Findings At the broadest grouping of causes of death (Level 1), non-communicable diseases (NC Ds) comprised the greatest fraction of deaths, contributing to 73.4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 72.5-74.1) of total deaths in 2017, while communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) causes accounted for 186% (17.9-19.6), and injuries 8.0% (7.7-8.2). Total numbers of deaths from NCD causes increased from 2007 to 2017 by 22.7% (21.5-23.9), representing an additional 7.61 million (7. 20-8.01) deaths estimated in 2017 versus 2007. The death rate from NCDs decreased globally by 7.9% (7.08.8). The number of deaths for CMNN causes decreased by 222% (20.0-24.0) and the death rate by 31.8% (30.1-33.3). Total deaths from injuries increased by 2.3% (0-5-4-0) between 2007 and 2017, and the death rate from injuries decreased by 13.7% (12.2-15.1) to 57.9 deaths (55.9-59.2) per 100 000 in 2017. Deaths from substance use disorders also increased, rising from 284 000 deaths (268 000-289 000) globally in 2007 to 352 000 (334 000-363 000) in 2017. Between 2007 and 2017, total deaths from conflict and terrorism increased by 118.0% (88.8-148.6). A greater reduction in total deaths and death rates was observed for some CMNN causes among children younger than 5 years than for older adults, such as a 36.4% (32.2-40.6) reduction in deaths from lower respiratory infections for children younger than 5 years compared with a 33.6% (31.2-36.1) increase in adults older than 70 years. Globally, the number of deaths was greater for men than for women at most ages in 2017, except at ages older than 85 years. Trends in global YLLs reflect an epidemiological transition, with decreases in total YLLs from enteric infections, respirator}, infections and tuberculosis, and maternal and neonatal disorders between 1990 and 2017; these were generally greater in magnitude at the lowest levels of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). At the same time, there were large increases in YLLs from neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases. YLL rates decreased across the five leading Level 2 causes in all SDI quintiles. The leading causes of YLLs in 1990 neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhoeal diseases were ranked second, fourth, and fifth, in 2017. Meanwhile, estimated YLLs increased for ischaemic heart disease (ranked first in 2017) and stroke (ranked third), even though YLL rates decreased. Population growth contributed to increased total deaths across the 20 leading Level 2 causes of mortality between 2007 and 2017. Decreases in the cause-specific mortality rate reduced the effect of population growth for all but three causes: substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and skin and subcutaneous diseases. Interpretation Improvements in global health have been unevenly distributed among populations. Deaths due to injuries, substance use disorders, armed conflict and terrorism, neoplasms, and cardiovascular disease are expanding threats to global health. For causes of death such as lower respiratory and enteric infections, more rapid progress occurred for children than for the oldest adults, and there is continuing disparity in mortality rates by sex across age groups. Reductions in the death rate of some common diseases are themselves slowing or have ceased, primarily for NCDs, and the death rate for selected causes has increased in the past decade. Copyright (C) 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Published: 2018

14. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, Rafael, primary, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Mumford, John Everett, additional, Knight, Megan, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abedi, Aidin, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adelson, Jaimie, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agasthi, Pradyumna, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, additional, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Almasri, Nihad A, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Almulhim, Abdulaziz M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Asaad, Malke, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, additional, Aynalem, Getie Lake, additional, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azzopardi, Peter S, additional, B, Darshan B, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Baig, Atif Amin, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Balachandran, Arun, additional, Balassyano, Shelly, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Bante, Simachew Animen, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bernabe, Eduardo, additional, Bernstein, Robert S, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bilano, Ver, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bockarie, Moses John, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Boloor, Archith, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briggs, Andrew M, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Cámera, Luis Alberto, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Angela Y, additional, Charan, Jaykaran, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Sarika, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, additional, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Chung, Michael T, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Comfort, Haley, additional, Compton, Kelly, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Darega Gela, Jiregna, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Dash, Aditya Prasad, additional, Davey, Gail, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Desai, Rupak, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dippenaar, Ilse N, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Eskandari, Khalil, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Pietro, additional, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Francis, Joel Msafiri, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Galles, Natalie C, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, additional, Gebremeskel, Leake G, additional, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, additional, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghith, Nermin, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Gilani, Syed Amir, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Ginindza, Themba G, additional, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Glagn, Mustefa, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Godinho, Myron Anthony, additional, Goharinezhad, Salime, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guled, Rashid Abdi, additional, Gultie, Teklemariam, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hameed, Sajid, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Han, Hannah, additional, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, additional, Hanif, Asif, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md Mehedi, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassan, Shoaib, additional, Hassan, Amr, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Ho, Hung Chak, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hollingsworth, Bruce, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, additional, Horita, Nobuyuki, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikeda, Nayu, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, additional, Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jia, Peng, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kamath, Aruna M, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karanikolos, Marina, additional, Karimi, Seyed M, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, 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Published: 2020
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15. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, primary, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi, Mohammad, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abedi, Parisa, additional, Abedi, Aidin, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, additional, Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Acebedo, Alyssa, additional, Ackerman, Ilana N, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adamu, Abdu A, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adelson, Jaimie D, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Aji, Budi, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, additional, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, additional, Alhabib, Khalid F, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Alizade, Hesam, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Almulhim, Abdulaziz M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amare, Bekalu, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Anderson, Jason A, additional, Andrei, Tudorel, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, additional, Aripov, Timur, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, additional, Asaad, Malke, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Assmus, Michael, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ausloos, Floriane, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, additional, B, Darshan B, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, additional, Bairwa, Mohan, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Balachandran, Arun, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Basaleem, Huda, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Bell, Michellr L, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bjørge, Tone, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Boloor, Archith, additional, Bose, Dipan, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Breusov, Alexey V, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briggs, Andrew M, additional, Britton, Gabrielle B, additional, Brugha, Traolach, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, additional, Car, 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Ilse N, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Dolecek, Christiane, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshi, Pratik P, additional, Doshi, Chirag P, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Doxey, Matthew C, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, additional, Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Ehrlich, Joshua R, additional, Elbarazi, Iffat, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, additional, Elsharkawy, Aisha, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Esteghamati, Sadaf, additional, Fanzo, Jessica, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Pietro, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Fitzgerald, Ryan, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, additional, Gebremeskel, Leake G, additional, Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, additional, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, additional, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Giampaoli, Simona, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gillum, Richard F, additional, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Godinho, Myron Anthony, additional, Golechha, Mahaveer, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Gorini, Giuseppe, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Gudi, Nachiket, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Subodh Sharan, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Hachinski, Vladimir, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Haile, Lydia M, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Hall, Brian J, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassan, Amr, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Henok, Andualem, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Ho, Hung Chak, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Hugo, Fernando N, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Hussain, Rabia, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikuta, Kevin S, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalali, Amir, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Johnson, Catherine Owens, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karim, Mohd Anisul, additional, Karimi, Salah Eddin, additional, Kasa, Ayele Semachew, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, additional, Keiyoro, Peter, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khammarnia, Mohammad, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Gulfaraz, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khazaie, Habibolah, additional, Khoja, Abdullah T, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissoon, Niranjan, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Kneib, Cameron J, additional, Knight, Megan, additional, Koh, David S Q, additional, Komaki, Hamidreza, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Kotlo, Anirudh, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, KS, Shaji, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Nithin, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lallukka, Tea, additional, Lan, Qing, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Larson, Heidi Jane, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Lauriola, Paolo, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Leal, Lisiane F, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, 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Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Mazidi, Mohsen, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Milne, George J, additional, Miri, Mohammad, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Hamed, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohajer, Bahram, additional, Mohamad, Osama, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohebi, Farnam, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mooney, Meghan D, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Mullany, Erin C, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Naldi, Luigi, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Nazari, Javad, additional, Ndejjo, Rawlance, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere, additional, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nichols, Emma, additional, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nsoesie, Elaine Okanyene, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Sokking, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Oren, Eyal, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Ostroff, Samuel M, additional, Oţoiu, Adrian, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Pakhale, Smita, additional, Pakshir, Keyvan, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Parmar, Priya G Kumari, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, 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additional, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, additional, Vasseghian, Yasser, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Vidale, Simone, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Vollset, Stein Emil, additional, Vongpradith, Avina, additional, Vu, Giang Thu, additional, W/hawariat, Feleke Gebremeskel, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Wamai, Richard G, additional, Wang, Fang, additional, Wang, Haidong, additional, Wang, Jiayu, additional, Wang, Yanzhong, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Watson, Alexandrea, additional, Wei, Jingkai, additional, Weintraub, Robert G, additional, Weiss, Jordan, additional, Welay, Fissaha Tekulu, additional, Werdecker, Andrea, additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Whiteford, Harvey A, additional, Wiangkham, Taweewat, additional, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, additional, Wilner, Lauren B, additional, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, additional, Wolfe, Charles D A, additional, Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu, additional, Wu, Ai-Min, additional, Wu, Chenkai, additional, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, additional, Wunrow, Han Yong, additional, Xie, Yang, additional, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, additional, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, additional, Yearwood, Jamal A, additional, Yeheyis, Tomas Y, additional, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Yoon, Seok-Jun, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Younker, Theodore Patrick, additional, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, additional, Yu, Chuanhua, additional, Yu, Yong, additional, Yuce, Deniz, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamanian, Maryam, additional, Zangeneh, Alireza, additional, Zarafshan, Hadi, additional, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, additional, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, additional, Zhang, Jianrong, additional, Zhang, Yunquan, additional, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, additional, Zhao, Yingxi, additional, Zheleva, Bistra, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Zhu, Cong, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, and Lim, Stephen S, additional
Published: 2020
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16. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, primary, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abualhasan, Ahmed, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, additional, Alhabib, Khalid F, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Alizade, Hesam, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Anderson, Jason A, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Andrei, Tudorel, additional, Angus, Colin, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Ariani, Filippo, additional, Armoon, Bahram, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Arzani, Afsaneh, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Assmus, Michael, additional, Atafar, Zahra, additional, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Floriane, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azarian, Ghasem, additional, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Baldasseroni, Alberto, additional, Ball, Kylie, additional, Ballew, Shoshana H, additional, Balzi, Daniela, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Barua, Lingkan, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Becker, Jacob S, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bell, Michellr L, additional, Bennitt, Fiona B, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bitew, Helen, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, additional, Borges, Guilherme, additional, Borzì, Antonio Maria, additional, Borzouei, Shiva, additional, Bosetti, Cristina, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Breitner, Susanne, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Britton, Gabrielle B, additional, Bryazka, Dana, additional, Bumgarner, Blair R, additional, Burkart, Katrin, additional, Burnett, Richard Thomas, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahill, Leah E, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Charlson, Fiona J, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, 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additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, DeLang, Marissa, additional, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, additional, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Nahas, Nevine, additional, El Sayed, Iman, 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Published: 2020
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17. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Vos, Theo, primary, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi, Mohammad, additional, Abbasifard, Mitra, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abrams, Elissa M, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Acebedo, Alyssa, additional, Ackerman, Ilana N, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adamu, Abdu A, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adelson, Jaimie D, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Afshari, Mahdi, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agardh, Emilie E, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agesa, Kareha M, additional, Aghaali, Mohammad, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Noore, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, additional, Alema, Niguse Meles, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Aminorroaya, Arya, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Andrei, Tudorel, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari, Iman, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Ariani, Filippo, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Aryal, Krishna K, additional, Arzani, Afsaneh, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Asghari, Babak, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, additional, Atre, Sachin R, additional, Ausloos, Floriane, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azarian, Ghasem, additional, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, additional, Balalla, Shivanthi, additional, Balassyano, Shelly, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Bannick, Marlena S, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, additional, Barboza, Miguel A, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Barua, Lingkan, additional, Barzegar, Akbar, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bello, Aminu K, additional, Bender, Rose G, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bennitt, Fiona B, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Benziger, Catherine P, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Bernabe, Eduardo, additional, Bertolacci, Gregory J, additional, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bibi, Sadia, additional, Biehl, Molly H, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bisanzio, Donal, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Boloor, Archith, additional, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, additional, Borges, Guilherme, additional, Borzì, Antonio Maria, additional, Bourne, Rupert, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Brayne, Carol, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briggs, Andrew M, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Britton, Gabrielle B, additional, Bryazka, Dana, additional, Buchbinder, Rachelle, additional, Bumgarner, Blair R, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Car, Josip, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castle, Chris D, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Alex R, additional, Charlson, Fiona J, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Sarika, additional, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Chung, Michael T, additional, Cicuttini, Flavia M, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Collins, Emma L, additional, Compton, Kelly, additional, Conti, Sara, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Cowden, Richard G, additional, Cowie, Benjamin C, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Cross, Di H, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Cruz, Jessica A, additional, Cunningham, Matthew, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Jai K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, Dean, Frances E, additional, DeCleene, Nicole K, additional, Deen, Amanda, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, additional, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, additional, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Desai, Rupak, additional, Desalew, Assefa, additional, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, additional, Dingels, Zachary V, additional, Dirac, M Ashworth, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshi, Chirag P, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Douiri, Abdel, additional, Doxey, Matthew C, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Ebrahimi Kalan, Mohammad, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Ehrlich, Joshua R, additional, El Nahas, Nevine, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elbarazi, Iffat, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, additional, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, additional, Erskine, Holly E, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Etemadi, Arash, additional, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraj, Anwar, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Faruque, Mithila, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feldman, Rachel, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Fitzgerald, Ryan, additional, Flohr, Carsten, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Force, Lisa M, additional, Fornari, Carla, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Fox, Jack T, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Galles, Natalie C, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, additional, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, additional, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, additional, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Maryam, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghajar, Alireza, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghiasvand, Hesam, additional, Ghith, Nermin, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Gilani, Syed Amir, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Gorini, Giuseppe, additional, Gorman, Taren M, additional, Gottlich, Harrison Chase, additional, Goudarzi, Houman, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Grivna, Michal, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guled, Rashid Abdi, additional, Guo, Gaorui, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Haddock, Beatrix, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Hagins, Hailey, additional, Haile, Lydia M, additional, Hall, Brian J, additional, Halvaei, Iman, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, additional, Hamilton, Erin B, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Han, Hannah, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Harvey, James D, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasanzadeh, Amir, additional, Hashemian, Maryam, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Behnam, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henrikson, Hannah J, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Hugo, Fernando N, additional, Huynh, Chantal K, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iannucci, Vincent C, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikuta, Kevin S, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Ippolito, Helen, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, MdMohaimenul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Ivers, Rebecca Q, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, additional, Jafari, Hussain, additional, Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalali, Amir, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jia, Peng, additional, John, Oommen, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Johnson, Catherine Owens, additional, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joo, Tamas, additional, Joshi, Ankur, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalani, Hamed, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kamiab, Zahra, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karim, Mohd Anisul, additional, Karimi, Salah Eddin, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keddie, Suzanne H, additional, Keller, Cathleen, additional, Kereselidze, Maia, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, additional, Khundkar, Roba, additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Kneib, Cameron J, additional, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, additional, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, additional, Kolola, Tufa, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kravchenko, Michael A, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kumar, Vivek, additional, Kumaresh, Girikumar, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lam, Jennifer O, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Lansingh, Van Charles, additional, Larson, Samantha Leigh, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lassi, Zohra S, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Lavados, Pablo M, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Lescinsky, Haley, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Lewington, Sarah, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lin, Christine, additional, Lin, Ro-Ting, additional, Linehan, Christine, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Liu, Hung-Chun, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Liu, Zichen, additional, Looker, Katharine J, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lucas, Tim C D, additional, Lugo, Alessandra, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Lyons, Ronan A, additional, Ma, Jianing, additional, MacLachlan, Jennifer H, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Maddison, Ralph, additional, Madotto, Fabiana, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mai, Hue Thi, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Maled, Venkatesh, additional, Maleki, Shokofeh, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manafi, Amir, additional, Manafi, Navid, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, additional, Maravilla, Joemer C, additional, Marks, Ashley, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, additional, Massano, João, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, additional, Mereke, Alibek, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mills, Edward J, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Hamed, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Mithra, Prasanna, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohamadi, Efat, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammadifard, Noushin, additional, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Momen, Natalie C, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mondello, Stefania, additional, Mooney, Meghan D, additional, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morales, Linda, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Moreno Velásquez, Ilais, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Munro, Sandra B, additional, Muriithi, Moses K, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Nair, Sanjeev, additional, Nandi, Anita K, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Nazari, Javad, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Netsere, Henok Biresaw Netsere, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Jason, additional, Nguyen, Michele, additional, Nguyen, Minh, additional, Nichols, Emma, additional, Nigatu, Dabere, additional, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Oţoiu, Adrian, additional, Oancea, Bogdan, additional, Odell, Christopher M, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Orji, Aislyn U, additional, Orpana, Heather M, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Ostroff, Samuel M, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Pakhare, Abhijit P, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pandey, Anamika, additional, Park, Eun-Kee, additional, Parmar, Priya G Kumari, additional, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, additional, Patel, Sangram Kishor, additional, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J, additional, Pathak, Ashish, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patten, Scott B, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paudel, Deepak, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, Alexandre, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Perico, Norberto, additional, Pham, Hai Quang, additional, Phillips, Michael R, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Pilgrim, Thomas, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, additional, Plass, Dietrich, additional, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, additional, Polibin, Roman V, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Poznańska, Anna, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Prakash, V, additional, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, additional, Pupillo, Elisabetta, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiee, Ata, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Rajati, Fatemeh, additional, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Puja C, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rastogi, Prateek, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Razo, Christian, additional, Redford, Sofia Boston, additional, Reiner, Robert C, additional, Reinig, Nickolas, additional, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Rezaei, Nima, additional, Rezai, Mohammad sadegh, additional, Rezapour, Aziz, additional, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, additional, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P, additional, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, additional, Ribeiro, Daniela, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Roberts, Shaun, additional, Robinson, Stephen R, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Rolfe, Sam, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Roth, Gregory A, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rumisha, Susan Fred, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, additional, Saeidi, Shahram, additional, Safi, Sare, additional, Safiri, Saeid, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, S 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Published: 2020
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18. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Dicker, Daniel, primary, Nguyen, Grant, additional, Abate, Degu, additional, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, additional, Abay, Solomon M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbasi, Nooshin, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdela, Jemal, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, additional, Abdi, Alireza, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, additional, Abdurahman, Ahmed Abdulahi, additional, Abebe, Haftom Temesgen, additional, Abebe, Molla, additional, Abebe, Zegeye, additional, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, additional, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, additional, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, additional, Acharya, Pawan, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, additional, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, additional, Adib, Mina G, additional, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, additional, Adsuar, Jose C, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aggarwal, Rakesh, additional, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, additional, Agrawal, Sutapa, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Mohamed Lemine Cheikh brahim, additional, Ahmed, Sayem, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, additional, Aichour, Ibtihel, additional, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, additional, Akanda, Ali S, additional, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, additional, Akibu, Mohammed, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alebel, Animut, additional, Aleman, Alicia V, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, additional, Ali, Raghib, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alkerwi, Ala'a, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Allen, Christine A, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Alsharif, Ubai, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amini, Erfan, additional, Ammar, Walid, additional, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, additional, Anber, Nahla Hamed, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Anlay, Degefaye Zelalem, additional, Ansari, Hossein, additional, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, additional, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher 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Badawi, Alaa, additional, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, additional, Bali, Ayele Geleto, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banstola, Amrit, additional, Barac, Aleksandra, additional, Barboza, Miguel A, additional, Barquera, Simon, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Basaleem, Huda, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Basu, Arindam, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, additional, Belachew, Abate Bekele, additional, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, additional, Belay, Ezra, additional, Belay, Saba Abraham, additional, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bello, Aminu K, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhane, Adugnaw, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bernabe, Eduardo, 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Vesper Hichilombwe, additional, Chitheer, Abdulaal, additional, Choi, Jee-Young J, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Cicuttini, Flavia M, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Claro, Rafael M, additional, Cohen, Aaron J, additional, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, additional, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, additional, Conti, Sara, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Cortinovis, Monica, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Criqui, Michael H, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Crump, John A, additional, Cucu, Alexandra, additional, Cunningham, Matthew, additional, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dang, Anh Kim, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Siddharth K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, additional, Dash, Aditya Prasad, additional, Weaver, Nicole Davis, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, Dayama, Anand, additional, Courten, Barbora de, additional, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, additional, De leo, Diego, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Degefa, Meaza Girma, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Degfie, Tizta T, additional, Deiparine, Selina, additional, Dellavalle, Robert P, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Demtsu, Balem Betsu, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Des Jarlais, Don C, additional, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, additional, Dey, Subhojit, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Ding, Eric L, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Dolan, Kate A, additional, Donnelly, Christl A, additional, Dorsey, E Ray, additional, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, additional, Doyle, Kerrie E, additional, Drake, Thomas M, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre R, additional, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, additional, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, additional, Edessa, Dumessa, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Eggen, Anne Elise, additional, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, additional, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, additional, Elfaramawi, Mohammed, additional, El-Khatib, Ziad, additional, Ellingsen, Christian Lycke, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal R F, additional, Enayati, Ahmadali, additional, Endries, Aman Yesuf Yesuf, additional, Er, Benjamin, additional, Ermakov, Sergey Petrovich, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeili, Reza, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Esteghamati, Sadaf, additional, Fakhar, Mahdi, additional, Fakhim, Hamed, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Farhadi, Farzaneh, additional, Farid, Talha A, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Farvid, Maryam S, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, additional, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Feizy, Fariba, additional, Fentahun, Netsanet, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Fernandes, Joao C, additional, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, additional, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Finegold, Samuel, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Ford, John A, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Fornari, Carla, additional, Frank, Tahvi D, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Fuller, John E, additional, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Fürst, Thomas, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Futran, Neal D, additional, Galan, Adriana, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gambashidze, Ketevan, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, additional, Gebre, Teshome, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, additional, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Geleijnse, Johanna M, additional, Genova-Maleras, Ricard, additional, Gessner, Bradford D, additional, Getachew, Sefonias, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, additional, Ghadimi, Reza, additional, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, additional, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, additional, Ghiasvand, Hesam, additional, Ghimire, Mamata, additional, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Gillum, Richard F, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Goenka, Shifalika, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, additional, Gomez-Cabrera, Mari Carmen, additional, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Goodridge, Amador, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Prakash C, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tanush, additional, Gyawali, Bishal, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Hachinski, Vladimir, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, additional, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, additional, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Handal, Alexis J, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Harb, Hilda L, additional, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasan, Mehedi, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, He, Yihua, additional, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, additional, Hegazy, Mohamed I, additional, Heibati, Behzad, additional, Heidari, Mohsen, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henok, Andualem, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Heydarpour, Pouria, additional, Heydarpour, Sousan, additional, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Horino, Masako, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hotez, Peter J, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Htet, Aung Soe, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huang, John J, additional, Husseini, Abdullatif, additional, Hussen, Mohammedaman Mama, additional, Hutfless, Susan, additional, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, additional, Igumbor, Ehimario U, additional, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Isehunwa, Oluwaseyi Oluwakemi, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, 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Published: 2018
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19. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Lozano, Rafael, primary, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Abate, Degu, additional, Abay, Solomon M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbasi, Nooshin, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdela, Jemal, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, additional, Abdi, Alireza, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, additional, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, additional, Abebe, Zegeye, additional, Abejie, Ayenew Negesse, additional, Abera, Semaw F, additional, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, additional, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen Me, additional, Abyu, Gebre Y, additional, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, additional, Acharya, Dilaram, additional, Acharya, Pawan, additional, Adamu, Abdu A, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adhena, Beyene Meressa, additional, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, additional, Adib, Mina G, additional, Adou, Arsène Kouablan, additional, Adsuar, Jose C, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Afshari, Mahdi, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, additional, Agius, Dominic, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Agrawal, Sutapa, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Ahmed, Sayem, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akanda, Ali S, additional, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, additional, Akibu, Mohammed, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Albujeer, Ammar, additional, Alebel, Animut, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, additional, Alhabib, Samia, additional, Ali, Raghib, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alkerwi, Ala'a, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Allen, Christine A, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Al-Maskari, Fatma, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Alsharif, Ubai, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amenu, Kebede, additional, Amini, Erfan, additional, Ammar, Walid, additional, Anber, Nahla Hamed, additional, Anderson, Jason A, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Animut, Megbaru Debalkie, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Hossein, additional, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, additional, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Anwari, Palwasha, additional, Appiah, Lambert Tetteh, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Areri, Habtamu Abera, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Arora, Monika, additional, Aryal, Krishna K, additional, Asayesh, Hamid, additional, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, additional, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, additional, Asghar, Rana Jawad, additional, Assadi, Reza, additional, Ataro, Zerihun, additional, Atique, Suleman, additional, Atre, Sachin R, additional, Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Avokpaho, Euripide F G A, additional, Awasthi, Ashish, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, additional, Ayele, Yohanes, additional, Ayer, Rakesh, additional, Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza, additional, Azzopardi, Peter S, additional, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, additional, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, additional, Babazadeh, Arefeh, additional, Badali, Hamid, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, additional, Bali, Ayele Geleto, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Amitava, additional, Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar, additional, Banstola, Amrit, additional, Barac, Aleksandra, additional, Barboza, Miguel A, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Basu, Arindam, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Battista, Robert J, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, additional, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, additional, Belachew, Abate Bekele, additional, Belay, Aregawi Gebreyesus, additional, Belay, Saba Abraham, additional, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bello, Aminu K, additional, Bennett, Derrick A, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Benzian, Habib, additional, Berhane, Adugnaw, additional, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bernabe, Eduardo, additional, Bernstein, Robert S, additional, Bertolacci, Gregory J, additional, Beuran, Mircea, additional, Beyranvand, Tina, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhalla, Ashish, additional, Bhansali, Anil, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Biadgo, Belete, additional, Biehl, Molly H, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bililign, Nigus, additional, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, additional, Birlik, Sait Mentes, additional, Birungi, Charles, additional, Bisanzio, Donal, additional, Biswas, Tuhin, additional, Bitew, Helen, additional, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, additional, Bjertness, Espen, additional, Bobasa, Eshetu Mulisa, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Bourne, Rupert, additional, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, additional, Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional, Brainin, Michael, additional, Brant, Luisa C, additional, Brauer, Michael, additional, Brazinova, Alexandra, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Britton, Gabrielle, additional, Brugha, Traolach, additional, Bukhman, Gene, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Callender, Charlton SKH, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Campuzano Rincon, Julio Cesar, additional, Cano, Jorge, additional, Car, Josip, additional, Car, Mate, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carter, Austin, additional, Carvalho, Félix, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Çavlin, Alanur, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chaiah, Yazan, additional, Chalek, Julian, additional, Chang, Hsing-Yi, additional, Chang, Jung-Chen, additional, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, additional, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, additional, Chitheer, Abdulaal, additional, Choi, Jee-Young J, additional, Chowdhury, Rajiv, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Christopher, Devasahayam J, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Cicuttini, Flavia M, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Claro, Rafael M, additional, Claßen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, additional, Cohen, Aaron J, additional, Collado-Mateo, Daniel, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Cooper, Leslie Trumbull, additional, Cornaby, Leslie, additional, Cortinovis, Monica, additional, Costa, Megan, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Cunningham, Matthew, additional, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, additional, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dang, Anh Kim, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Siddharth K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye, additional, Dash, Aditya Prasad, additional, Davis, Adrian C, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, Dayama, Anand, additional, de Courten, Barbora, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, De Steur, Hans, additional, Degefa, Meaza Girma, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Degfie, Tizta Tilahun, additional, Deiparine, Selina, additional, Dellavalle, Robert P, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Demtsu, Balem, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, additional, Dey, Subhojit, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath D, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Dicker, Daniel, additional, Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese, additional, Ding, Eric L, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Huyen Phuc, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Douwes-Schultz, Dirk, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Duan, Leilei, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duken, Eyasu Ejeta, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre R, additional, Ebrahimpour, Soheil, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, additional, Eldrenkamp, Erika, additional, El-Khatib, Ziad, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Enayati, Ahmadali, additional, Endries, Aman Yesuf, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Esteghamati, Sadaf, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Fakhar, Mahdi, additional, Fakhim, Hamed, additional, Fanzo, Jessica, additional, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Farhadi, Farzaneh, additional, Farid, Talha A, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Farvid, Maryam S, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein, additional, Farzam, Hossein, additional, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, additional, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Fekadu, Wubalem, additional, Feldman, Rachel, additional, Fentahun, Netsanet, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Fernandes, Joao C, additional, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, additional, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Finegold, Samuel, additional, Finger, Jonas David, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fitzmaurice, Christina, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Frank, Tahvi D, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Fukutaki, Kai, additional, Fuller, John E, additional, Fürst, Thomas, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gankpe, Fortune Gbetoho, additional, Gansevoort, Ron T, additional, Garcia, Ana Cristina, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Garcia-Gordillo, Miguel A, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebre, Teshome, additional, Gebregergs, Gebremedhin Berhe, additional, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gebremichael, Bereket, additional, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, additional, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, additional, Geleijnse, Johanna M, additional, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, additional, Getachew, Sefonias, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul, additional, Ghadimi, Reza, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, additional, Ghiasvand, Hesam, additional, Ghimire, Mamata, additional, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, additional, Giampaoli, Simona, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Goldberg, Ellen M, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Goodridge, Amador, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Gorman, Taren M, additional, Goto, Atsushi, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Griswold, Max G, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander C, additional, Guillemin, Francis, additional, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Prakash C, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tanush, additional, Ha, Giang Hai, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Hachinski, Vladimir, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Haghparast Bidgoli, Hassan, additional, Hagos, Tekleberhan B, additional, Haile, Michael Tamene, additional, Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa, additional, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Harb, Hilda L, additional, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasan, Mehedi, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hawley, Caitlin N, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, He, Yihua, additional, Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar, additional, Hegazy, Mohamed I, additional, Heibati, Behzad, additional, Heidari, Behnam, additional, Heidari, Mohsen, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henok, Andualem, additional, Heredia-Pi, Ileana, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Behzad, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Heydarpour, Sousan, additional, Hibstu, Desalegn T, additional, Híjar, Martha, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Hoffman, Daniel J, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Horita, Nobuyuki, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Hotez, Peter J, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Hsiao, Thomas, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huang, John J, additional, Hughes, Caitlyn, additional, Huynh, Chantal K, additional, Igumbor, Ehimario U, additional, Ikeda, Chad Thomas, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Ivers, Rebecca Q, additional, Izadi, Neda, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jahangiry, Leila, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalu, Moti Tolera, additional, Jamal, Amr A, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Jassal, Simerjot K, additional, Javanbakht, Mehdi, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Johnson, Catherine O, additional, Johnson, Sarah C, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Jonnagaddala, Jitendra, additional, Jorjoran Shushtari, Zahra, additional, Joshi, Ankur, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, K, Madhanraj, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kadel, Rajendra, additional, Kahsay, Amaha, additional, Kahssay, Molla, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kapil, Umesh, additional, Karami, Manoochehr, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karanikolos, Marina, additional, Karimi, Narges, additional, Karimi, Seyed M, additional, Karimi-Sari, Hamidreza, additional, Kasaeian, Amir, additional, Kassa, Dessalegn H, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, additional, Kassa, Zemenu Yohannes, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kaul, Anil, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Kazemi, Zhila, additional, Karyani, Ali Kazemi, additional, Kazi, Dhruv Satish, additional, KC, Prakash, additional, Kebede, Seifu, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Kemmer, Laura, additional, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, additional, Kengne, Andre Pascal, additional, Keren, Andre, additional, Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khafaei, Behzad, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khajavi, Alireza, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khalil, Ibrahim A, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, additional, Khan, Muhammad Ali, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khanna, Tripti, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatony, Alireza, additional, Khazaeipour, Zahra, additional, Khazaie, Habibolah, additional, Khoja, Abdullah T, additional, Khosravi, Ardeshir, additional, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A, additional, Kiarie, Helen W, additional, Kibret, Getiye D, additional, Kiirithio, Daniel N, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Jun Y, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kinra, Sanjay, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, additional, Kissoon, Niranjan, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, additional, Kolola, Tufa, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosek, Margaret N, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kravchenko, Michael A, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kristopher J, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, additional, Kudom, Andreas A, additional, Kulikoff, Xie Rachel, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kutz, Michael J, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, Lachat, Carl, additional, Lad, Deepesh P, additional, Lad, Sheetal D, additional, Lafranconi, Alessandra, additional, Lagat, Abraham K, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lam, Hilton, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Lamichhane, Prabhat, additional, Lan, Qing, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Lansingh, Van C, additional, Lansky, Sonia, additional, Larson, Heidi J, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Laryea, Dennis Odai, additional, Lassi, Zohra S, additional, Latifi, Arman, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Lebedev, Georgy, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, additional, Lee, James B, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Leever, Andrew T, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leinsalu, Mall, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Lewycka, Sonia, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Li, Xiaohong, additional, Li, Yichong, additional, Liang, Juan, additional, Liang, Xiaofeng, additional, Liben, Misgan Legesse, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Logroscino, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lucchesi, Lydia R, additional, Lyons, Ronan A, additional, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, additional, Mackay, Mark T, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Madotto, Fabiana, additional, Maghavani, Dhaval P, additional, Magis-Rodriguez, Carlos, additional, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, additional, Majdan, Marek, additional, Majdzadeh, Reza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manda, Ana-Laura, additional, Mandarano-Filho, Luiz Garcia, additional, Mangalam, Srikanth, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, additional, Maravilla, Joemer C, additional, Marcenes, Wagner, additional, Marks, Ashley, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, Martins, Sheila C O, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Mazidi, Mohsen, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, McMahon, Brian J, additional, Mehata, Suresh, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Mehta, Varshil, additional, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, additional, Mekonen, Tesfa, additional, Mekonnen, Tefera C Chane, additional, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Melku, Mulugeta, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, additional, Mengistu, Getnet, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Mensink, Gert B M, additional, Mereta, Seid Tiku, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Millear, Anoushka I, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine, additional, Milne, George J, additional, Mini, G K, additional, Minnig, Shawn P, additional, Mirabi, Parvaneh, additional, Mirarefin, Mojde, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Mitchell, Philip B, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar, additional, Mohajer, Bahram, additional, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, additional, Mohammadi, Moslem, additional, Mohammadifard, Noushin, additional, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, additional, Mohammed, Mohammed A, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohan, Murali B V, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Mohebi, Farnam, additional, Moitra, Modhurima, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Montañez, Julio Cesar, additional, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi, Mahmoudreza, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradinazar, Mehdi, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morisaki, Naho, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Moschos, Marilita M, additional, Mountjoy-Venning, W Cliff, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, additional, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, additional, Mullany, Erin C, additional, Muller, Kate, additional, Mumford, John Everett, additional, Murhekar, Manoj, additional, Murthy, G V S, additional, Murthy, Srinivas, additional, Musa, Jonah, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Mustafa, Ghulam, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Nabhan, Ashraf F, additional, Nachega, Jean B, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naheed, Aliya, additional, Nahvijou, Azin, additional, Naidoo, Kovin, additional, Naik, Gurudatta, additional, Naik, Nitish, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Naldi, Luigi, additional, Nam, Hae Sung, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, additional, Nawaz, Haseeb, additional, Neamati, Nahid, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Neupane, Subas, additional, Newton, Charles Richard James, additional, Ngalesoni, Frida N, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Anh, additional, Nguyen, Grant, additional, Nguyen, Ha, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nguyen, Huong Thanh, additional, Nguyen, Minh, additional, Nichols, Emma, additional, Nigatu, Solomon Gedlu, additional, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, additional, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, additional, Nisar, Muhammad Imran, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nolutshungu, Nomonde, additional, Nomura, Marika, additional, Norheim, Ole F, additional, Noroozi, Mehdi, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nouri, Hamid Reza, additional, Nourollahpour Shiadeh, Malihe, additional, Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza, additional, Nyasulu, Peter S, additional, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, additional, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, additional, Ogah, Okechukwu Samuel, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okoro, Anselm, additional, Oladimeji, Kelechi E, additional, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olagunju, Tinuke O, additional, Olivares, Pedro R, additional, Olsen, Helen Elizabeth, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Ong, Sok King, additional, Oommen, Anu Mary, additional, Opio, John Nelson, additional, Oren, Eyal, additional, Oros, 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Published: 2018
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20. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Stanaway, Jeffrey D, primary, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Abate, Degu, additional, Abate, Kalkidan Hassen, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbasi, Nooshin, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdela, Jemal, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, additional, Abebe, Molla, additional, Abebe, Zegeye, additional, Abera, Semaw F, additional, Abil, Olifan Zewdie, additional, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, additional, Abrham, Aklilu Roba, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME, additional, Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, additional, Acharya, Dilaram, additional, Acharya, Pawan, additional, Adamu, Abdu A, additional, Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Ademi, Zanfina, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adib, Mina G, additional, Admasie, Amha, additional, Adsuar, Jose C, additional, Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aggarwal, Anju, additional, Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Agrawal, Sutapa, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Aichour, Amani Nidhal, additional, Aichour, Ibtihel, additional, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, additional, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alashi, Alaa, additional, Alavian, Seyed Moayed, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Ali, Komal, additional, Ali, Syed Mustafa, 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additional, Fay, Kairsten A, additional, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Fernandes, Joao C, additional, Ferrara, Giannina, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Finger, Jonas David, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Fürst, Thomas, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Futran, Neal D, additional, Gall, Seana, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Ganji, Morsaleh, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo, additional, Gelano, Tilayie Feto, additional, Geleijnse, Johanna M, additional, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, additional, Ghadimi, Reza, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, additional, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, additional, Ghimire, Mamata, additional, Ghosh, Rakesh, additional, Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal, additional, Giampaoli, Simona, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Gillum, Richard F, additional, Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Godwin, William W, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gómez-Dantés, Hector, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Grams, Morgan E, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tanush, additional, Gutiérrez, Reyna 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Published: 2018
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21. To treat or not to treat?

Author: Agarwal, Gina
Published: 1997

22. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author: Fullman, Nancy, primary, Yearwood, Jamal, additional, Abay, Solomon M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdela, Jemal, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abebe, Zegeye, additional, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, additional, Abreu, Daisy M X, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, additional, Adane, Akilew Awoke, additional, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, additional, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, additional, Afarideh, Mohsen, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agius, Dominic, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Agrawal, Sutapa, additional, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, additional, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, additional, Akibu, Mohammed, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, additional, Akseer, Nadia, additional, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alasfoor, Deena, additional, Albittar, Mohammed I, additional, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, additional, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, additional, Ali, Syed Danish, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Aljunid, Syed M, additional, Alkerwi, Ala'a, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Allen, Christine, additional, Alomari, Mahmoud A, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, additional, Alsharif, Ubai, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Amare, Azmeraw T, additional, Amenu, Kebede, additional, Ammar, Walid, additional, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, additional, Anber, Nahla, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Araújo, Valdelaine E M, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Artaman, Al, additional, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, additional, Asayesh, Hamid, additional, Asfaw, Ephrem 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Devasahayam Jesudas, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Colombara, Danny, additional, Conti, Sara, additional, Cooper, Cyrus, additional, Cornaby, Leslie, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Cortinovis, Monica, additional, Costa Pereira, Alexandre, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Criqui, Michael H, additional, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, additional, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, additional, Crump, John A, additional, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, additional, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, additional, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Daryani, Maryam, additional, Das, Jai, additional, Das, Siddharth Kumar, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Davis Weaver, Nicole, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, de Courten, Barbora, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Dellavalle, Robert P, additional, Demoz, Gebre, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Des Jarlais, Don C, additional, Dey, Subhojit, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath D, additional, Dhimal, Meghnath, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Doku, David Teye, additional, Dolan, Kate, additional, Dorsey, E Ray, additional, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, additional, Doyle, Kerrie E, additional, Driscoll, Tim R, additional, Dubey, Manisha, additional, Dubljanin, Eleonora, additional, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, additional, Echko, Michelle, additional, Edessa, Dumessa, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, Ehrlich, Joshua R, additional, Eldrenkamp, Erika, additional, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, additional, Endres, Matthias, additional, Endries, Aman Yesuf, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Fakhar, Mahdi, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, additional, Faro, André, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fatusi, Adesegun, additional, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feigl, Andrea B, additional, Fentahun, Netsanet, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Fernandes, João C, additional, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fitzmaurice, Christina, additional, Flaxman, Abraham D, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya, additional, Foreman, Kyle J, additional, Frostad, Joseph J, additional, Fürst, Thomas, additional, Futran, Neal D, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gambashidze, Ketevan, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Ganji, Morsaleh, additional, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, additional, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, additional, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, additional, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, additional, Geleijnse, Johanna M, additional, Geremew, Demeke, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Reza, additional, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, additional, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, additional, Giroud, Maurice, additional, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Godwin, William W, additional, Goli, Srinivas, additional, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, additional, Gona, Philimon N, additional, Goodridge, Amador, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, additional, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, additional, Grada, Ayman, additional, Griswold, Max, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tanush, additional, Gupta, Tarun, additional, Gupta, Vipin, additional, Haagsma, Juanita A, additional, Hachinski, Vladimir, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, additional, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Harb, Hilda L, additional, Harewood, Heather C, additional, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus, additional, Hawley, Caitlin, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, He, Jiawei, additional, Hearps, Stephen J C, additional, Hegazy, Mohamed I, additional, Heibati, Behzad, additional, Heidari, Mohsen, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, additional, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, additional, Horita, Nobuyuki, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Hoy, Damian G, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Htet, Aung Soe, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huang, John J, additional, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, additional, Idris, Fachmi, additional, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, additional, Ikeda, Chad, additional, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, additional, Innos, Kaire, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb M S, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Jacobs, Troy A, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jain, Rajesh, additional, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, additional, Jalu, Moti Tolera, additional, Jamal, Amr A, additional, Javanbakht, Mehdi, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Jóúwiak, Jacek, additional, John, Oommen, additional, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joshua, Vasna, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, 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Mukti Nath, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, additional, Khosravi, Ardeshir, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, additional, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kinra, Sanjay, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissoon, Niranjan, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kravchenko, Michael, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kristopher J, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Pushpendra, additional, Kutz, Michael, additional, Kuzin, Igor, additional, Kyu, Hmwe H, additional, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, additional, Lafranconi, Alessandra, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lam, Hilton, additional, Lan, Qing, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Lansingh, Van C, additional, Lansky, Sonia, additional, Larsson, Anders, additional, Latifi, Arman, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, additional, Leasher, Janet L, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Legesse, Yirga, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, additional, Leta, Samson, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Leung, Ricky, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Li, Yongmei, additional, Liang, Juan, additional, Liben, Misgan Legesse, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Lind, Margaret, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Listl, Stefan, additional, Liu, Patrick, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lorch, Scott A, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lucas, Timothy C D, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Lurton, Grégoire, additional, Lyons, Ronan A, additional, Maalouf, Fadi, additional, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, additional, Mackay, Mark T, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Madotto, Fabiana, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, additional, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, additional, Majdan, Marek, additional, Majdzadeh, Reza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malhotra, Rajesh, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manhertz, Trey, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, additional, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, additional, Mapoma, Chabila C, additional, Margono, Christopher, additional, Martinez-Raga, Jose, additional, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, März, Winfried, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, Mazidi, Mohsen, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehata, Suresh, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Mehta, Varshil, additional, Meier, Toni, additional, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, additional, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, additional, Melku, Mulugeta, additional, Memiah, Peter, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Mengiste, Degu Abate, additional, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, additional, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Micha, Renata, additional, Milam, Robert, additional, Millear, Anoushka, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mini, GK, additional, Minnig, Shawn, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Misganaw, Awoke, additional, 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Saravanan, additional, Nagata, Chie, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naheed, Aliya, additional, Naik, Gurudatta A, additional, Naik, Nitish, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Naldi, Luigi, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, additional, Narayan, KM Venkat, additional, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Newton, Charles R, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, additional, Nguyen, Grant, additional, Nguyen, Long, additional, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, additional, Nichols, Emma, additional, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, additional, Nolte, Ellen, additional, Nong, Vuong Minh, additional, Norheim, Ole F, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, additional, Nyandwi, Alypio, additional, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, additional, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Oladimeji, 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Published: 2018
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23. Medical Futility: And the Evaluation of Life-Sustaining Interventions

Author: Agarwal, Gina
Subjects: Medical Futility: And the Evaluation of Life-Sustaining Interventions (Book) -- Book reviews, Books -- Book reviews
Published: 1997

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23 results on '"Agarwal, Gina"'

1. Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

2. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

3. Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

4. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

5. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

6. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

7. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

8. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

9. Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

10. Measuring the availability of human resources for health and its relationship to universal health coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

11. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

12. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

13. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

14. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

15. Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

16. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

17. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

18. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

19. Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

20. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

21. To treat or not to treat?

22. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

23. Medical Futility: And the Evaluation of Life-Sustaining Interventions

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