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The effects of diameters of canine femoral arteriovenous fistulas upon regional and central hemodynamics were determined to correlate fistula size with fistula flow, as well as changes in cardiac output, “reversal” of distal arterial flow, and distal venous hypertension. Flows were measured electromagnetically. Cardiac output was determined with thermodilution techniques. Fistula size, ranging from 2 to 16 mm. in diameter, was represented by four dogs in each of four groups. Unstimulated femoral arterial blood flow was 4.76 ± 0.39 (X ± S.E.) ml. min.-1 Kg.-1; aortic pressure (AP) was 152 ± 4 mm. Hg; certral venous pressure (CVP) was 4 ± 1 mm. Hg. Pulse (P) was 147 ± 5 beats min.-1. Cardiac output (CO) increased progressively in response to the three largest fistulas. The 4 mm. fistula increased CO by 19.6 ± 4.5 ml. min.-1 Kg.-1 (p