1. Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Iron Deficiency in Children 1 to 3 Years of Age
- Author
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Patricia Li, Dalah Mason, Amy Freedman, Marty Perlmutar, Leah Harrington, John Yaremko, Suzanne Turner, Ellen Culbert, Hailey Hatch, Sheila Jacobson, Jessica Malach, Michael Peer, Carolyn Taylor, Susan Shepherd, Roy Male, Barbara Smiltnieks, Colin Macarthur, Hafiz Shuja, Jane Parry, Fatima Uddin, James Owen, Laura Hanson, Thea Weisdorf, Murtala Abdurrahman, Marivic Bustos, Noor Ramji, Teresa Hughes, Mona Jasuja, Aleks Meret, Sloane Freeman, Joanne Louis, Kelly E. Anderson, Anne Wormsbecker, Rosemary G Moodie, Douglas M Campbell, Karoon Danayan, Charmaine Camacho, Ethel Ying, Gwen Jansz, Cornelia M. Borkhoff, Mary Beth Derocher, Elizabeth H. Young, Laura N. Anderson, Katherine Rouleau, Tara Kiran, Caroline Calpin, Nicholas Blanchette, Jennifer Loo, Andrew Pinto, Kifi Pena, Lukasz Jagiello, Elise Mok, Joanne Vaughan, Anne Egger, Gary Bloch, Stephen Treherne, Meta van den Heuvel, Sheila Wijayasinghe, Julia Morinis, Dharma Dalwadi, Dan Ha, Alana Rosenthal, Holly Knowles, Jillian M. Baker, Alan Li, Michael Sgro, Anh Do, Janet Saunderson, Evelyn Constantin, Michelle Porepa, Cinntha Srikanthan, Rahul Saxena, Ashna Bowry, Elaine Cheng, Paul Das, David Dai, Sarah Carsley, Fok-Han Leung, Imaan Bayoumi, Gordon Arbess, Nasreen Ramji, Vashti Mascoll, Anne M. Brown, Vikky Qi, Laurie Thompson, Michael Zajdman, Sheila Lakhoo, Jonathon L Maguire, Maya Nader, Jennifer Bugera, Sharon Gazeley, Sharon Thadani, Christine Koroshegyi, Allison Farber, Sarah Mahmoud, Paul Kadar, Julia Thompson, Danyaal Raza, Margarita Lam-Antoniades, Christine Kowal, Tony Barozzino, Joey Bonifacio, Denis Leduc, Peter D Wong, Vincent Bouchard, Vanna Schiralli, Barbara J. Anderson, Jesleen Rana, Katherine Nash, Farnaz Bazeghi, Curtis Handford, Sharon Naymark, Charlie Guiang, Patricia C. Parkin, Kathleen Doukas, Sohail Cheema, Tarandeep Malhi, Charles Keown-Stoneman, Michael Dorey, Emma E. Sypes, Brian Chisamore, Mary Aglipay, Sylvie Bergeron, Dimple Bhagat, Catherine S Birken, Bruce Kwok, Navindra Persaud, and Eddy Lau
- Subjects
Male ,Canada ,medicine.medical_specialty ,National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ,Iron ,Systemic inflammation ,Risk Assessment ,Gastroenterology ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,030225 pediatrics ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,Serum ferritin ,Retrospective Studies ,Bmi z score ,Inflammation ,2. Zero hunger ,Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ,biology ,business.industry ,Incidence ,C-reactive protein ,Age Factors ,Infant ,Iron deficiency ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Ferritins ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Disease Progression ,biology.protein ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and iron deficiency in early childhood, while considering the influence of low-grade systemic inflammation.Healthy children ages 1-3 years were included in a cross-sectional analysis. Age- and sex-standardized World Health Organization BMI z score (zBMI) was calculated using height/length and weight measurements; iron status was assessed by serum ferritin; inflammation was assessed by C-reactive protein (CRP). Children with CRP ≥10 mg/L were excluded because this may indicate acute systemic inflammation. Adjusted multivariable regression analyses were used to investigate the association between zBMI and both serum ferritin (µg/L), and iron deficiency (serum ferritin12 µg/L). We performed prespecified subgroup analyses according to CRP level (normal [≤1.0 mg/L] and low-grade inflammation [1.0 mg/L to10.0 mg/L]).Of 1607 children included, 20% were categorized as with zBMI1, 13% had iron deficiency, and 18% had low-grade inflammation. Higher zBMI was associated with lower serum ferritin (-1.51 µg/L, 95% CI -2.23, -0.76, P .0001) and increased odds of iron deficiency (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10, 1.50, P = .002). Though there was no interaction between zBMI and CRP for the adjusted linear regression model (P = .79) or logistic regression model (P = .43), children with low-grade inflammation had a higher serum ferritin (P .0001).Higher zBMI is associated with increased risk for iron deficiency in children between 1 and 3 years, and should be considered as a risk factor in targeted screening. Further research is needed to better understand the relationship between serum ferritin and CRP for children in all weight categories.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01869530.
- Published
- 2019
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