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Introduction Battlefield pelvic injuries can result in erectile dysfunction (ED) in young soldiers. We investigated whether phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor (PDE5i), low-energy shock wave (LESWT) and/or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy could improve erectile function (EF) after pelvic injury. Methods Lewis rats 10–12 weeks old were divided into nine groups (n=6/group) - Sham, Injury (control), PDE5i, LESWT, MSC, LESWT+PDE5i, LESWT+MSC, MSC+PDE5i, and LESWT+PDE5i+MSC. Bilateral cavernous nerve crush injury and internal pudendal bundle ligation were performed. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (2x106cells) were injected in to the corpora cavernosum. Rats received LESWT (1000 pulses at 0.06 mJ/mm2, 3Hz, 3 times/week) or sildenafil (PDE5i) in drinking water (~10 mg/kg/day) for four weeks. At 6th week intracavernous pressure (ICP; mmHg) was recorded as EF outcome measure. Results Pelvic injury (control group) showed decrease (p Conclusion LESWT, MSC and/or PDE5i combination therapy appears to be promising in EF recovery.

Introduction: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) causes acute kidney injury (AKI) with high mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study was to ameliorate kidney IR injury and identify novel biomarkers for AKI. Methods: Left renal ischemia was induced in Wister rats by clamping the renal artery for 45 minutes, followed by reperfusion and right nephrectomy. Thirty minutes prior to ischemia, rats (n=8/group) received Valproic Acid (150 mg/kg; VPA), Dexamethasone (3 mg/kg; Dex) or Vehicle (Saline) IP. Animals were sacrificed at 3h, 24h or 120h IR and blood, urine and kidney were collected. Results: At 3h IR, urine albumin was lower (P>0.05) in VPA (0.84±0.62) and Dex (1.04±0.73) compared to Vehicle (1.47±1.02 mg/ml) group; and Lipocalin-2 was lower (P