1. Managing ankle injuries in the emergency department
- Author
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Richard B. Birrer, Lawrence M Herman, Mohammed Hassan Fani-Salek, Victor Politi, and Vicken Y Totten
- Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tendonitis ,Achilles tendon injury ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ankle Injuries ,Emergency Treatment ,Achilles tendon ,business.industry ,Emergency department ,Tarsal tunnel syndrome ,musculoskeletal system ,medicine.disease ,Biomechanical Phenomena ,Os Trigonum ,Radiography ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Sprains and Strains ,Emergency Medicine ,Physical therapy ,Ankle ,business ,Ankle Joint ,Ottawa ankle rules - Abstract
We review the anatomy and physiology of the ankle joint with attention to the structures most likely to be injured. We discuss the epidemiology of ankle injuries and their physical and radiographic evaluation, including the Ottawa Ankle Rules. Treatment, consultation, and pitfalls are followed by more specific discussions of tendonitis, Achilles tendon injury, tendonous subluxations, tarsal tunnel syndrome, sonovial impingement, and injury to the os trigonum. The references provide a guide for further reading.
- Published
- 1999
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