1. Rate of Gestational Weight Gain and Glucose-Insulin Metabolism Among Hispanic Pregnant Women With Overweight and Obesity.
- Author
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Lindsay, Karen L, Gyllenhammer, Lauren E, Entringer, Sonja, and Wadhwa, Pathik D
- Subjects
Nutrition ,Prevention ,Obesity ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Diabetes ,Clinical Research ,Pediatric ,Metabolic and endocrine ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Body Mass Index ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Type 2 ,Diabetes ,Gestational ,Female ,Gestational Weight Gain ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Hispanic or Latino ,Humans ,Insulin ,Insulin Resistance ,Maternal Age ,Obesity ,Maternal ,Overweight ,Postprandial Period ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,beta-cell function ,gestational weight gain ,glucose-insulin metabolism ,insulin sensitivity ,maternal overweight/obesity ,pregnancy ,maternal overweight ,obesity ,Clinical Sciences ,Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine ,Endocrinology & Metabolism - Abstract
ContextHispanic women are at elevated risk of gestational glucose intolerance and postpartum type 2 diabetes compared with non-Hispanic White women. Identification of potentially modifiable factors contributing to this trajectory of beta-cell dysfunction is warranted.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the association between rate of gestational weight gain (rGWG) and glucose-insulin metabolism in Hispanic pregnant women with overweight and obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional, observational study, conducted from 2018-2020 at the clinical research center at University of California, Irvine, included 33 nondiabetic Hispanic pregnant women at 28 to 30 weeks' gestation with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) 25.0 to 34.9 kg/m2. Participants consumed a standardized liquid mixed meal after an overnight fast. Serial blood samples were collected at fasting and up to 2 hours postprandial. The glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and insulin secretion sensitivity index (ISSI)-2 were computed.ResultsAverage rGWG (0.36 ± 0.22 kg/week) was classified as excessive in 60% of women. While rGWG was not associated with the glucose or insulin AUC or ISI, it accounted for 13.4% of the variance in ISSI-2 after controlling for covariates (maternal age, parity, and pre-pregnancy BMI); for each 1 unit increase in rGWG, ISSI-2 decreased 2.1 units (P = 0.015).ConclusionEven in the absence of gestational diabetes, rGWG was inversely associated with beta-cell function in a high-risk population of Hispanic pregnant women with overweight and obesity. Beta-cell decline is an established risk factor for transition to type 2 diabetes, and these cross-sectional findings highlight rGWG as a potentially modifiable contributor to this process.
- Published
- 2022