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Muscle activities during cycling of 4kg/msec. were electromyographically studied by means of a bicycle ergometer worked up by T. Toriyama. Cycling speed was 85rpm.9 positions of the pedal shaft in relation to the handle and saddle sites were examined. The distance of the handle from the saddle center was 45-65cm. Through finding the pedal position where the least electrical activities of m. gluteus maximum, m. rectus femoris, m. biceps femoris and other main muscles contracting in cycling were shown, the optimum pedal positions proved to be demonstrated by the proposed method. It seems to be important to have determined the limit conditions of the handle, saddle or pedal positions at first.

The author presented the opinion about environment in the area of ergonomics. In the present time environmental conditions should be carried out as the man (man-machine system)-system from the standpoint of public nuisance, and also from the view point of terrestrial ecology. As the thema of research and development of environment in ergonomics, (1) Research and Development (R&D) of environments, which includes the outer information. (2) R&D of environmental control system, (3) R&D of human adaptability, (4) R&D of environmental control system, which makes up the human conditions. (5) R&D of generalized evaluation method of environment, (6) R&D of environmental manikin, (7) R&D of human reactive pattern for environment.

Use of manikins or dummies in ergonomic researches was discussed from general viewpoints. The manikin's equivalence to a human body in dimensions, weight, solid ness or elasticity, mobility and so on should be differently appreciated according to its application purposes.A manikin with internal organs or eith feedback mechanisms already iri use and a general manikins to be expected. Various possibilities of installing measuring inskruments on and in the manikin body, however, indicate the necessity of developing many types of "functional" manikins for each specific research project.