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In order to explain opacification of the gall-bladder following urography in patients with acute unilateral ureteric obstruction by a stone, the biliary excretion of sodium iothalamate, administered at two dose levels, was measured in control dogs and in dogs with acute unilateral ureteric obstruction. The latter had lower creatinine clearances, lower six-hour cumulative urinary excretion of iothalamate, and higher blood iothalamate levels. A difference in the six-hour cumulative biliary iothalamate excretion between obstructed and control animals was found only at the low iothalamate dose. In a second group of experiments different plasma iothalamate levels were achieved by constant infusion, and bile iothalamate excretion was examined. It was found that iothalamate, in its original form, is excreted and concentrated in bile, that it has an hepatobiliary transport maximum, and that it causes a choleresis. On the basis of these observations, it is suggested that gall-bladder opacification by ioth...