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1. Broad-line Region of the Quasar PG 2130+099. II. Doubling the Size Over Four Years?

Author

Zhu-Heng Yao, Sen Yang, Wei-Jian Guo, Yong-Jie Chen, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Dong-Wei Bao, Bo-Wei Jiang, Yi-Lin Wang, Hao Zhang, Chen Hu, Yan-Rong Li, Pu Du, Ming Xiao, Jin-Ming Bai, Luis C. Ho, Michael S. Brotherton, Jesús Aceituno, Hartmut Winkler, Jian-Min Wang, and Seambh Collaboration

Subjects
Supermassive black holes, Active galactic nuclei, Seyfert galaxies, Quasars, Reverberation mapping, Time domain astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Over the past three decades, multiple reverberation mapping (RM) campaigns conducted for the quasar PG 2130+099 have exhibited inconsistent findings with time delays ranging from ∼10 to ∼200 days. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the geometry and dynamics of the broad-line region (BLR) in PG 2130+099, we continued an ongoing high-cadence RM monitoring campaign using the Calar Alto Observatory 2.2 m optical telescope for an extra four years from 2019 to 2022. We measured the time lags of several broad emission lines (including He ii , He i , H β , and Fe ii ) with respect to the 5100 Å continuum, and their time lags continuously vary through the years. Especially, the H β time lags exhibited approximately a factor of 2 increase in the last two years. Additionally, the velocity-resolved time delays of the broad H β emission line reveal a back-and-forth change between signs of virial motion and inflow in the BLR. The combination of negligible (∼10%) continuum change and substantial time-lag variation (over 2 times) results in a significant scatter in the intrinsic R _H _β – L _5100 relationship for PG 2130+099. Taking the consistent changes in the continuum variability time scale and the size of the BLR into account, we tentatively propose that the changes in the measurement of the BLR size may be affected by “geometric dilution”

Published
2024
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2. Spectroastrometry and Reverberation Mapping of Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Hβ Broad-line Region Structure and Black Hole Masses of Five Quasars

Author

Yan-Rong Li, Chen Hu, Zhu-Heng Yao, Yong-Jie Chen, Hua-Rui Bai, Sen Yang, Pu Du, Feng-Na Fang, Yi-Xin Fu, Jun-Rong Liu, Yue-Chang Peng, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Yi-Lin Wang, Ming Xiao, Shuo Zhai, Hartmut Winkler, Jin-Ming Bai, Luis C. Ho, Romain G. Petrov, Jesús Aceituno, Jian-Min Wang, and SARM Collaboration

Subjects
Active galaxies, Double quasars, Supermassive black holes, Reverberation mapping, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We conduct a reverberation mapping (RM) campaign to spectroscopically monitor a sample of selected bright active galactic nuclei with large anticipated broad-line region (BLR) sizes adequate for spectroastrometric (SA) observations by the GRAVITY instrument on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. We report the first results for five objects, IC 4329A, Mrk 335, Mrk 509, Mrk 1239, and PDS 456, among which Mrk 1239 and PDS 456 are for the first time spectroscopically monitored. We obtain multiyear monitoring data and perform multicomponent spectral decomposition to extract the broad H β profiles. We detect significant time lags between the H β and continuum variations, generally obeying the previously established BLR size–luminosity relation. Velocity-resolved H β time lags illustrate diverse, possibly evolving, BLR kinematics. We further measure the H β line widths from mean and rms spectra and the resulting virial products show good consistency among different observing seasons. Adopting a unity virial factor and the FWHM of the broad H β line from the mean spectra as a measure of velocity, the obtained black hole masses averaged over seasons are $\mathrm{log}{M}_{\bullet }/{M}_{\odot }={8.02}_{-0.14}^{+0.09}$ , ${6.92}_{-0.12}^{+0.12}$ , ${8.01}_{-0.25}^{+0.16}$ , ${7.44}_{-0.14}^{+0.13}$ , and ${8.59}_{-0.11}^{+0.07}$ for the five objects, respectively. Black hole mass estimations using other line width measures are also reported. For objects with previous RM campaigns, our mass estimates are in agreement with earlier results. In a companion paper, we will employ BLR dynamical modeling to directly infer the black hole mass and thereby determine the virial factors.

Published
2024
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3. AGN STORM 2. V. Anomalous Behavior of the C iv Light Curve of Mrk 817

Author

Y. Homayouni, Gerard A. Kriss, Gisella De Rosa, Rachel Plesha, Edward M. Cackett, Michael R. Goad, Kirk T. Korista, Keith Horne, Travis Fischer, Tim Waters, Aaron J. Barth, Erin A. Kara, Hermine Landt, Nahum Arav, Benjamin D. Boizelle, Misty C. Bentz, Michael S. Brotherton, Doron Chelouche, Elena Dalla Bontà, Maryam Dehghanian, Pu Du, Gary J. Ferland, Carina Fian, Jonathan Gelbord, Catherine J. Grier, Patrick B. Hall, Chen Hu, Dragana Ilić, Michael D. Joner, Jelle Kaastra, Shai Kaspi, Andjelka B. Kovačević, Daniel Kynoch, Yan-Rong Li, Missagh Mehdipour, Jake A. Miller, Jake Mitchell, John Montano, Hagai Netzer, J. M. M. Neustadt, Ethan Partington, Luka Č. Popović, Daniel Proga, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, David Sanmartim, Matthew R. Siebert, Tommaso Treu, Marianne Vestergaard, Jian-Min Wang, Martin J. Ward, Fatima Zaidouni, and Ying Zu

Subjects
Active galaxies, Active galactic nuclei, Seyfert galaxies, Galaxy nuclei, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

An intensive reverberation mapping campaign of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 817 using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope revealed significant variations in the response of broad UV emission lines to fluctuations in the continuum emission. The response of the prominent UV emission lines changes over an ∼60 day duration, resulting in distinctly different time lags in the various segments of the light curve over the 14 month observing campaign. One-dimensional echo-mapping models fit these variations if a slowly varying background is included for each emission line. These variations are more evident in the C iv light curve, which is the line least affected by intrinsic absorption in Mrk 817 and least blended with neighboring emission lines. We identify five temporal windows with a distinct emission-line response, and measure their corresponding time delays, which range from 2 to 13 days. These temporal windows are plausibly linked to changes in the UV and X-ray obscuration occurring during these same intervals. The shortest time lags occur during periods with diminishing obscuration, whereas the longest lags occur during periods with rising obscuration. We propose that the obscuring outflow shields the broad UV lines from the ionizing continuum. The resulting change in the spectral energy distribution of the ionizing continuum, as seen by clouds at a range of distances from the nucleus, is responsible for the changes in the line response.

Published
2024
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5. AGN STORM 2. V. Anomalous Behavior of the C iv Light Curve of Mrk 817*

Author

Homayouni, Y., primary, Kriss, Gerard A., additional, De Rosa, Gisella, additional, Plesha, Rachel, additional, Cackett, Edward M., additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, Korista, Kirk T., additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Fischer, Travis, additional, Waters, Tim, additional, Barth, Aaron J., additional, Kara, Erin A., additional, Landt, Hermine, additional, Arav, Nahum, additional, Boizelle, Benjamin D., additional, Bentz, Misty C., additional, Brotherton, Michael S., additional, Chelouche, Doron, additional, Dalla Bontà, Elena, additional, Dehghanian, Maryam, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Ferland, Gary J., additional, Fian, Carina, additional, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Grier, Catherine J., additional, Hall, Patrick B., additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Ilić, Dragana, additional, Joner, Michael D., additional, Kaastra, Jelle, additional, Kaspi, Shai, additional, Kovačević, Andjelka B., additional, Kynoch, Daniel, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Mehdipour, Missagh, additional, Miller, Jake A., additional, Mitchell, Jake, additional, Montano, John, additional, Netzer, Hagai, additional, Neustadt, J. M. M., additional, Partington, Ethan, additional, Popović, Luka Č., additional, Proga, Daniel, additional, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, additional, Sanmartim, David, additional, Siebert, Matthew R., additional, Treu, Tommaso, additional, Vestergaard, Marianne, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Ward, Martin J., additional, Zaidouni, Fatima, additional, and Zu, Ying, additional

Published
2024
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6. AGN STORM 2. IV. Swift X-Ray and Ultraviolet/Optical Monitoring of Mrk 817

Author

Cackett, Edward M., primary, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Barth, Aaron J., additional, De Rosa, Gisella, additional, Edelson, Rick, additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, Homayouni, Yasaman, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Kara, Erin A., additional, Kriss, Gerard A., additional, Korista, Kirk T., additional, Landt, Hermine, additional, Plesha, Rachel, additional, Arav, Nahum, additional, Bentz, Misty C., additional, Boizelle, Benjamin D., additional, Dalla Bontà, Elena, additional, Dehghanian, Maryam, additional, Donnan, Fergus, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Ferland, Gary J., additional, Fian, Carina, additional, Filippenko, Alexei V., additional, González Buitrago, Diego H., additional, Grier, Catherine J., additional, Hall, Patrick B., additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Ilić, Dragana, additional, Kaastra, Jelle, additional, Kaspi, Shai, additional, Kochanek, Christopher S., additional, Kovačević, Andjelka B., additional, Kynoch, Daniel, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, McLane, Jacob N., additional, Mehdipour, Missagh, additional, Miller, Jake A., additional, Montano, John, additional, Netzer, Hagai, additional, Panagiotou, Christos, additional, Partington, Ethan, additional, Č. Popović, Luka, additional, Proga, Daniel, additional, Rogantini, Daniele, additional, Sanmartim, David, additional, Siebert, Matthew R., additional, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, additional, Vestergaard, Marianne, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Waters, Tim, additional, and Zaidouni, Fatima, additional

Published
2023
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7. AGN STORM 2. IV. Swift X-Ray and Ultraviolet/Optical Monitoring of Mrk 817

Author

Edward M. Cackett, Jonathan Gelbord, Aaron J. Barth, Gisella De Rosa, Rick Edelson, Michael R. Goad, Yasaman Homayouni, Keith Horne, Erin A. Kara, Gerard A. Kriss, Kirk T. Korista, Hermine Landt, Rachel Plesha, Nahum Arav, Misty C. Bentz, Benjamin D. Boizelle, Elena Dalla Bontà, Maryam Dehghanian, Fergus Donnan, Pu Du, Gary J. Ferland, Carina Fian, Alexei V. Filippenko, Diego H. González Buitrago, Catherine J. Grier, Patrick B. Hall, Chen Hu, Dragana Ilić, Jelle Kaastra, Shai Kaspi, Christopher S. Kochanek, Andjelka B. Kovačević, Daniel Kynoch, Yan-Rong Li, Jacob N. McLane, Missagh Mehdipour, Jake A. Miller, John Montano, Hagai Netzer, Christos Panagiotou, Ethan Partington, Luka Č. Popović, Daniel Proga, Daniele Rogantini, David Sanmartim, Matthew R. Siebert, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Marianne Vestergaard, Jian-Min Wang, Tim Waters, and Fatima Zaidouni

Subjects
Active galactic nuclei, Supermassive black holes, Reverberation mapping, Seyfert galaxies, Accretion, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The AGN STORM 2 campaign is a large, multiwavelength reverberation mapping project designed to trace out the structure of Mrk 817 from the inner accretion disk to the broad emission line region and out to the dusty torus. As part of this campaign, Swift performed daily monitoring of Mrk 817 for approximately 15 months, obtaining observations in X-rays and six UV/optical filters. The X-ray monitoring shows that Mrk 817 was in a significantly fainter state than in previous observations, with only a brief flare where it reached prior flux levels. The X-ray spectrum is heavily obscured. The UV/optical light curves show significant variability throughout the campaign and are well correlated with one another, but uncorrelated with the X-rays. Combining the Swift UV/optical light curves with Hubble Space Telescope UV continuum light curves, we measure interband continuum lags, τ ( λ ), that increase with increasing wavelength roughly following τ ( λ ) ∝ λ ^4/3 , the dependence expected for a geometrically thin, optically thick, centrally illuminated disk. Modeling of the light curves reveals a period at the beginning of the campaign where the response of the continuum is suppressed compared to later in the light curve—the light curves are not simple shifted and scaled versions of each other. The interval of suppressed response corresponds to a period of high UV line and X-ray absorption, and reduced emission line variability amplitudes. We suggest that this indicates a significant contribution to the continuum from the broad-line region gas that sees an absorbed ionizing continuum.

Published
2023
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8. Star Formation in Self-gravitating Disks in Active Galactic Nuclei. III. Efficient Production of Iron and Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions

Author

Jian-Min Wang, Shuo Zhai, Yan-Rong Li, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Luis C. Ho, Yong-Jie Chen, Jun-Rong Liu, Pu Du, and Ye-Fei Yuan

Subjects
Active galactic nuclei, Galaxy accretion disks, Supermassive black holes, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Strong iron lines are a common feature of the optical spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars from z ∼ 6−7 to the local universe, and [Fe/Mg] ratios do not show cosmic evolution. During active episodes, accretion disks surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs) inevitably form stars in the self-gravitating part, and these stars accrete with high accretion rates. In this paper, we investigate the population evolution of accretion-modified stars (AMSs) to produce iron and magnesium in AGNs. The AMSs, as a new type of star, are allowed to have any metallicity but without significant loss from stellar winds, since the winds are choked by the dense medium of the disks and return to the core stars. Mass functions of the AMS population show a pile-up or cutoff pile-up shape in top-heavy or top-dominant forms if the stellar winds are strong, consistent with the narrow range of supernovae (SNe) explosions driven by the known pair-instability. This provides an efficient way to produce metals. Meanwhile, SN explosions support an inflated disk as a dusty torus. Furthermore, the evolving top-heavy initial mass functions lead to bright luminosity in infrared bands in dusty regions. This contributes a new component in infrared bands, which is independent of the emissions from the central part of accretion disks, appearing as a long-term trending of the NIR continuum compared to optical variations. Moreover, the model can be further tested through reverberation mapping of emission lines, including LIGO/LISA detections of gravitational waves and signatures from spatially resolved observations of GRAVITY+/VLTI.

Published
2023
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9. AGN STORM 2. II. Ultraviolet Observations of Mrk 817 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope

Author

Y. Homayouni, Gisella De Rosa, Rachel Plesha, Gerard A. Kriss, Aaron J. Barth, Edward M. Cackett, Keith Horne, Erin A. Kara, Hermine Landt, Nahum Arav, Benjamin D. Boizelle, Misty C. Bentz, Thomas G. Brink, Michael S. Brotherton, Doron Chelouche, Elena Dalla Bontà, Maryam Dehghanian, Pu Du, Gary J. Ferland, Laura Ferrarese, Carina Fian, Alexei V. Filippenko, Travis Fischer, Ryan J. Foley, Jonathan Gelbord, Michael R. Goad, Diego H. González Buitrago, Varoujan Gorjian, Catherine J. Grier, Patrick B. Hall, Juan V. Hernández Santisteban, Chen Hu, Dragana Ilić, Michael D. Joner, Jelle Kaastra, Shai Kaspi, Christopher S. Kochanek, Kirk T. Korista, Andjelka B. Kovačević, Daniel Kynoch, Yan-Rong Li, Ian M. McHardy, Jacob N. McLane, Missagh Mehdipour, Jake A. Miller, Jake Mitchell, John Montano, Hagai Netzer, Christos Panagiotou, Ethan Partington, Richard W. Pogge, Luka Č. Popović, Daniel Proga, Daniele Rogantini, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, David Sanmartim, Matthew R. Siebert, Tommaso Treu, Marianne Vestergaard, Jian-Min Wang, Martin J. Ward, Tim Waters, Peter R. Williams, Fatima Zaidouni, and Ying Zu

Subjects
Active galactic nuclei, Reverberation mapping, Active galaxies, Seyfert galaxies, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present reverberation mapping measurements for the prominent ultraviolet broad emission lines of the active galactic nucleus Mrk 817 using 165 spectra obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Our ultraviolet observations are accompanied by X-ray, optical, and near-infrared observations as part of the AGN Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Program 2 (AGN STORM 2). Using the cross-correlation lag analysis method, we find significant correlated variations in the continuum and emission-line light curves. We measure rest-frame delayed responses between the far-ultraviolet continuum at 1180 Å and Ly α λ 1215 Å ( ${10.4}_{-1.4}^{+1.6}$ days), N v λ 1240 Å ( ${15.5}_{-4.8}^{+1.0}$ days), Si iv + ]O iv λ 1397 Å ( ${8.2}_{-1.4}^{+1.4}$ days), C iv λ 1549 Å ( ${11.8}_{-2.8}^{+3.0}$ days), and He ii λ 1640 Å ( ${9.0}_{-1.9}^{+4.5}$ days) using segments of the emission-line profile that are unaffected by absorption and blending, which results in sampling different velocity ranges for each line. However, we find that the emission-line responses to continuum variations are more complex than a simple smoothed, shifted, and scaled version of the continuum light curve. We also measure velocity-resolved lags for the Ly α and C iv emission lines. The lag profile in the blue wing of Ly α is consistent with virial motion, with longer lags dominating at lower velocities, and shorter lags at higher velocities. The C iv lag profile shows the signature of a thick rotating disk, with the shortest lags in the wings, local peaks at ±1500 km s ^−1 , and a local minimum at the line center. The other emission lines are dominated by broad absorption lines and blending with adjacent emission lines. These require detailed models, and will be presented in future work.

Published
2023
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10. UV–Optical Disk Reverberation Lags despite a Faint X-Ray Corona in the Active Galactic Nucleus Mrk 335

Author

Erin Kara, Aaron J. Barth, Edward M. Cackett, Jonathan Gelbord, John Montano, Yan-Rong Li, Lisabeth Santana, Keith Horne, William N. Alston, Douglas Buisson, Doron Chelouche, Pu Du, Andrew C. Fabian, Carina Fian, Luigi Gallo, Michael R. Goad, Dirk Grupe, Diego H. González Buitrago, Juan V. Hernández Santisteban, Shai Kaspi, Chen Hu, S. Komossa, Gerard A. Kriss, Collin Lewin, Tiffany Lewis, Michael Loewenstein, Anne Lohfink, Megan Masterson, Ian M. McHardy, Missagh Mehdipour, Jake Miller, Christos Panagiotou, Michael L. Parker, Ciro Pinto, Ron Remillard, Christopher Reynolds, Daniele Rogantini, Jian-Min Wang, Jingyi Wang, and Dan Wilkins

Subjects
Black hole physics, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We present the first results from a 100-day Swift, NICER, and ground-based X-ray–UV–optical reverberation mapping campaign of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Mrk 335, when it was in an unprecedented low X-ray flux state. Despite dramatic suppression of the X-ray variability, we still observe UV–optical lags as expected from disk reverberation. Moreover, the UV–optical lags are consistent with archival observations when the X-ray luminosity was >10 times higher. Interestingly, both low- and high-flux states reveal UV–optical lags that are 6–11 times longer than expected from a thin disk. These long lags are often interpreted as due to contamination from the broad line region; however the u- band excess lag (containing the Balmer jump from the diffuse continuum) is less prevalent than in other active galactic nuclei. The Swift campaign showed a low X-ray-to-optical correlation (similar to previous campaigns), but NICER and ground-based monitoring continued for another 2 weeks, during which the optical rose to the highest level of the campaign, followed ∼10 days later by a sharp rise in X-rays. While the low X-ray countrate and relatively large systematic uncertainties in the NICER background make this measurement challenging, if the optical does lead X-rays in this flare, this indicates a departure from the zeroth-order reprocessing picture. If the optical flare is due to an increase in mass accretion rate, this occurs on much shorter than the viscous timescale. Alternatively, the optical could be responding to an intrinsic rise in X-rays that is initially hidden from our line of sight.

Published
2023
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11. Spectroastrometric Reverberation Mapping of Broad-line Regions

Author

Yan-Rong Li and Jian-Min Wang

Subjects
Astrometry, Reverberation mapping, Supermassive black holes, Active galactic nuclei, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Spectroastrometry measures source astrometry as a function of wavelength/velocity. Reverberations of spectroastrometric signals naturally arise in broad-line regions (BLRs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as a result of the continuum variations that drive responses of the broad emission lines with time delays. Such signals provide a new diagnostic for mapping BLR kinematics and geometry, complementary to the traditional intensity reverberation mapping (RM) technique. We present a generic mathematical formalism for spectroastrometric RM and show that under realistic parameters of a phenomenological BLR model, the spectroastrometric reverberation signals vary on a level of several to tens of microarcseconds, depending on the BLR size, continuum variability, and angular-size distance. We also derive the analytical expressions of spectroastrometric RM for an inclined ring-like BLR. We develop a Bayesian framework with a sophisticated Monte Carlo sampling technique to analyze spectroastrometric data and infer the BLR properties, including the central black hole mass and angular-size distance. We demonstrate the potential of spectroastrometric RM in spatially resolving BLR kinematics and geometry through a suite of simulation tests. The application to realistic observation data of 3C 273 obtains tentative, but enlightening results, reinforcing the practical feasibility of conducting spectroastrometric RM experiments on bright AGNs with the operating Very Large Telescope Interferometer as well as possibly with the planned next-generation 30 m class telescopes.

Published
2023
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12. AGN STORM 2. II. Ultraviolet Observations of Mrk 817 with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope*

Author

Homayouni, Y., primary, De Rosa, Gisella, additional, Plesha, Rachel, additional, Kriss, Gerard A., additional, Barth, Aaron J., additional, Cackett, Edward M., additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Kara, Erin A., additional, Landt, Hermine, additional, Arav, Nahum, additional, Boizelle, Benjamin D., additional, Bentz, Misty C., additional, Brink, Thomas G., additional, Brotherton, Michael S., additional, Chelouche, Doron, additional, Dalla Bontà, Elena, additional, Dehghanian, Maryam, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Ferland, Gary J., additional, Ferrarese, Laura, additional, Fian, Carina, additional, Filippenko, Alexei V., additional, Fischer, Travis, additional, Foley, Ryan J., additional, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, González Buitrago, Diego H., additional, Gorjian, Varoujan, additional, Grier, Catherine J., additional, Hall, Patrick B., additional, Hernández Santisteban, Juan V., additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Ilić, Dragana, additional, Joner, Michael D., additional, Kaastra, Jelle, additional, Kaspi, Shai, additional, Kochanek, Christopher S., additional, Korista, Kirk T., additional, Kovačević, Andjelka B., additional, Kynoch, Daniel, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, McHardy, Ian M., additional, McLane, Jacob N., additional, Mehdipour, Missagh, additional, Miller, Jake A., additional, Mitchell, Jake, additional, Montano, John, additional, Netzer, Hagai, additional, Panagiotou, Christos, additional, Partington, Ethan, additional, Pogge, Richard W., additional, Č. Popović, Luka, additional, Proga, Daniel, additional, Rogantini, Daniele, additional, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, additional, Sanmartim, David, additional, Siebert, Matthew R., additional, Treu, Tommaso, additional, Vestergaard, Marianne, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Ward, Martin J., additional, Waters, Tim, additional, Williams, Peter R., additional, Zaidouni, Fatima, additional, and Zu, Ying, additional

Published
2023
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13. The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale

Author

Kaushik Satapathy, Dimitrios Psaltis, Feryal Özel, Lia Medeiros, Sean T. Dougall, Chi-Kwan Chan, Maciek Wielgus, Ben S. Prather, George N. Wong, Charles F. Gammie, Kazunori Akiyama, Antxon Alberdi, Walter Alef, Juan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, John Barrett, Bradford A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, Raymond Blundell, Wilfred Boland, Katherine L. Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Hope Boyce, Michael Bremer, Christiaan D. Brinkerink, Roger Brissenden, Silke Britzen, Avery E. Broderick, Dominique Broguiere, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamente, Do-Young Byun, John E. Carlstrom, Andrew Chael, Koushik Chatterjee, Shami Chatterjee, Ming-Tang Chen, Yongjun 永军 Chen 陈, Ilje Cho, Pierre Christian, John E. Conway, James M. Cordes, Thomas M. Crawford, Geoffrey B. Crew, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Yuzhu Cui, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, Gregory Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Ralph P. Eatough, Heino Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, Ed Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, Per Friberg, Christian M. Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, Roberto García, Olivier Gentaz, Boris Georgiev, Ciriaco Goddi, Roman Gold, Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz, José L. Gómez, Minfeng 敏峰 Gu 顾, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Michael H. Hecht, Ronald Hesper, Luis C. 子山 Ho 何, Paul Ho, Mareki Honma, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Lei 磊 Huang 黄, David H. Hughes, Shiro Ikeda, Makoto Inoue, Sara Issaoun, David J. James, Buell T. Jannuzi, Michael Janssen, Britton Jeter, Wu 悟 Jiang 江, Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales, Michael D. Johnson, Svetlana Jorstad, Taehyun Jung, Mansour Karami, Ramesh Karuppusamy, Tomohisa Kawashima, Garrett K. Keating, Mark Kettenis, Dong-Jin Kim, Jae-Young Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Junhan Kim, Motoki Kino, Jun Yi Koay, Yutaro Kofuji, Patrick M. Koch, Shoko Koyama, Carsten Kramer, Michael Kramer, Thomas P. Krichbaum, Cheng-Yu Kuo, Tod R. Lauer, Sang-Sung Lee, Aviad Levis, Yan-Rong 彦荣 Li 李, Zhiyuan 志远 Li 李, Michael Lindqvist, Rocco Lico, Greg Lindahl, Jun 俊 Liu 刘, Kuo Liu, Elisabetta Liuzzo, Wen-Ping Lo, Andrei P. Lobanov, Laurent Loinard, Colin Lonsdale, Ru-Sen 如森 Lu 路, Nicholas R. MacDonald, Jirong 基荣 Mao 毛, Nicola Marchili, Sera Markoff, Daniel P. Marrone, Alan P. Marscher, Iván Martí-Vidal, Satoki Matsushita, Lynn D. Matthews, Karl M. Menten, Izumi Mizuno, Yosuke Mizuno, James M. Moran, Kotaro Moriyama, Monika Moscibrodzka, Cornelia Müller, Alejandro Mus Mejías, Gibwa Musoke, Hiroshi Nagai, Neil M. Nagar, Masanori Nakamura, Ramesh Narayan, Gopal Narayanan, Iniyan Natarajan, Antonios Nathanail, Joey Neilsen, Roberto Neri, Chunchong Ni, Aristeidis Noutsos, Michael A. Nowak, Hiroki Okino, Héctor Olivares, Gisela N. Ortiz-León, Tomoaki Oyama, Daniel C. M. Palumbo, Jongho Park, Nimesh Patel, Ue-Li Pen, Dominic W. Pesce, Vincent Piétu, Richard Plambeck, Aleksandar PopStefanija, Oliver Porth, Felix M. Pötzl, Jorge A. Preciado-López, Hung-Yi Pu, Venkatessh Ramakrishnan, Ramprasad Rao, Mark G. Rawlings, Alexander W. Raymond, Luciano Rezzolla, Bart Ripperda, Freek Roelofs, Alan Rogers, Eduardo Ros, Mel Rose, Arash Roshanineshat, Helge Rottmann, Alan L. Roy, Chet Ruszczyk, Kazi L. J. Rygl, Salvador Sánchez, David Sánchez-Arguelles, Mahito Sasada, Tuomas Savolainen, F. Peter Schloerb, Karl-Friedrich Schuster, Lijing Shao, Zhiqiang 志强 Shen 沈, Des Small, Bong Won Sohn, Jason SooHoo, He 赫 Sun 孙, Fumie Tazaki, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, Paul Tiede, Remo P. J. Tilanus, Michael Titus, Kenji Toma, Pablo Torne, Efthalia Traianou, Tyler Trent, Sascha Trippe, Ilse van Bemmel, Huib Jan van Langevelde, Daniel R. van Rossum, Jan Wagner, Derek Ward-Thompson, John Wardle, Jonathan Weintroub, Norbert Wex, Robert Wharton, Kaj Wiik, Qingwen 庆文 Wu 吴, Doosoo Yoon, André Young, Ken Young, Ziri Younsi, Feng 峰 Yuan 袁, Ye-Fei 业飞 Yuan 袁, J. Anton Zensus, Guang-Yao Zhao, and Shan-Shan Zhao

Published
2022
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14. AGN STORM 2. I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817

Author

Erin Kara, Missagh Mehdipour, Gerard A. Kriss, Edward M. Cackett, Nahum Arav, Aaron J. Barth, Doyee Byun, Michael S. Brotherton, Gisella De Rosa, Jonathan Gelbord, Juan V. Hernández Santisteban, Chen Hu, Jelle Kaastra, Hermine Landt, Yan-Rong Li, Jake A. Miller, John Montano, Ethan Partington, Jesús Aceituno, Jin-Ming Bai, Dongwei Bao, Misty C. Bentz, Thomas G. Brink, Doron Chelouche, Yong-Jie Chen, Encarni Romero Colmenero, Elena Dalla Bontà, Maryam Dehghanian, Pu Du, Rick Edelson, Gary J. Ferland, Laura Ferrarese, Carina Fian, Alexei V. Filippenko, Travis Fischer, Michael R. Goad, Diego H. González Buitrago, Varoujan Gorjian, Catherine J. Grier, Wei-Jian Guo, Patrick B. Hall, Luis C. Ho, Y. Homayouni, Keith Horne, Dragana Ilić, Bo-Wei Jiang, Michael D. Joner, Shai Kaspi, Christopher S. Kochanek, Kirk T. Korista, Daniel Kynoch, Sha-Sha Li, Jun-Rong Liu, Ian M. M. cHardy, Jacob N. McLane, Jake A. J. Mitchell, Hagai Netzer, Kianna A. Olson, Richard W. Pogge, Luka C̆. Popović, Daniel Proga, Thaisa Storchi-Bergmann, Erika Strasburger, Tommaso Treu, Marianne Vestergaard, Jian-Min Wang, Martin J. Ward, Tim Waters, Peter R. Williams, Sen Yang, Zhu-Heng Yao, Theodora E. Zastrocky, Shuo Zhai, and Ying Zu

Published
2021
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15. UV–Optical Disk Reverberation Lags despite a Faint X-Ray Corona in the Active Galactic Nucleus Mrk 335

Author

Kara, Erin, primary, Barth, Aaron J., additional, Cackett, Edward M., additional, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Montano, John, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Santana, Lisabeth, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Alston, William N., additional, Buisson, Douglas, additional, Chelouche, Doron, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Fabian, Andrew C., additional, Fian, Carina, additional, Gallo, Luigi, additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, Grupe, Dirk, additional, González Buitrago, Diego H., additional, Hernández Santisteban, Juan V., additional, Kaspi, Shai, additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Komossa, S., additional, Kriss, Gerard A., additional, Lewin, Collin, additional, Lewis, Tiffany, additional, Loewenstein, Michael, additional, Lohfink, Anne, additional, Masterson, Megan, additional, McHardy, Ian M., additional, Mehdipour, Missagh, additional, Miller, Jake, additional, Panagiotou, Christos, additional, Parker, Michael L., additional, Pinto, Ciro, additional, Remillard, Ron, additional, Reynolds, Christopher, additional, Rogantini, Daniele, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Wang, Jingyi, additional, and Wilkins, Dan, additional

Published
2023
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20. The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale

Author

Satapathy, Kaushik, primary, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Dougall, Sean T., additional, Chan, Chi-Kwan, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Prather, Ben S., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Bustamente, Sandra, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wiik, Kaj, additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional

Published
2022
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22. AGN STORM 2. I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817

Author

Kara, Erin, primary, Mehdipour, Missagh, additional, Kriss, Gerard A., additional, Cackett, Edward M., additional, Arav, Nahum, additional, Barth, Aaron J., additional, Byun, Doyee, additional, Brotherton, Michael S., additional, De Rosa, Gisella, additional, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Hernández Santisteban, Juan V., additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Kaastra, Jelle, additional, Landt, Hermine, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Miller, Jake A., additional, Montano, John, additional, Partington, Ethan, additional, Aceituno, Jesús, additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Bao, Dongwei, additional, Bentz, Misty C., additional, Brink, Thomas G., additional, Chelouche, Doron, additional, Chen, Yong-Jie, additional, Colmenero, Encarni Romero, additional, Bontà, Elena Dalla, additional, Dehghanian, Maryam, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Edelson, Rick, additional, Ferland, Gary J., additional, Ferrarese, Laura, additional, Fian, Carina, additional, Filippenko, Alexei V., additional, Fischer, Travis, additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, González Buitrago, Diego H., additional, Gorjian, Varoujan, additional, Grier, Catherine J., additional, Guo, Wei-Jian, additional, Hall, Patrick B., additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Homayouni, Y., additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Ilić, Dragana, additional, Jiang, Bo-Wei, additional, Joner, Michael D., additional, Kaspi, Shai, additional, Kochanek, Christopher S., additional, Korista, Kirk T., additional, Kynoch, Daniel, additional, Li, Sha-Sha, additional, Liu, Jun-Rong, additional, M. cHardy, Ian M., additional, McLane, Jacob N., additional, Mitchell, Jake A. J., additional, Netzer, Hagai, additional, Olson, Kianna A., additional, Pogge, Richard W., additional, Popović, Luka C̆., additional, Proga, Daniel, additional, Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa, additional, Strasburger, Erika, additional, Treu, Tommaso, additional, Vestergaard, Marianne, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Ward, Martin J., additional, Waters, Tim, additional, Williams, Peter R., additional, Yang, Sen, additional, Yao, Zhu-Heng, additional, Zastrocky, Theodora E., additional, Zhai, Shuo, additional, and Zu, Ying, additional

Published
2021
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24. Reverberation Mapping of Two Luminous Quasars: The Broad-line Region Structure and Black Hole Mass

Author

Li, Sha-Sha, primary, Yang, Sen, additional, Yang, Zi-Xu, additional, Chen, Yong-Jie, additional, Songsheng, Yu-Yang, additional, Liu, He-Zhen, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Luo, Bin, additional, Yu, Zhe, additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Jiang, Bo-Wei, additional, Bao, Dong-Wei, additional, Guo, Wei-Jian, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Xiang, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Xiao, Ming, additional, Lu, Kai-Xing, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Aceituno, Jesús, additional, Minezaki, Takeo, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Kokubo, Mitsuru, additional, and Wang, Jian-Min, additional

Published
2021
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25. The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole

Author

Narayan, Ramesh, primary, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Gelles, Zachary, additional, Himwich, Elizabeth, additional, Chang, Dominic O., additional, Ricarte, Angelo, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Chael, Andrew A., additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Algaba, Juan Carlos, additional, Anantua, Richard, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Benson, Bradford A., additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Blundell, Raymond, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Boyce, Hope, additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Chesler, Paul M., additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crawford, Thomas M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro, additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Farah, Joseph, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Ford, H. Alyson, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Fuentes, Antonio, additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Haggard, Daryl, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Ikeda, Shiro, additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Dong-Jin, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Kofuji, Yutaro, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Levis, Aviad, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Lindahl, Greg, additional, Liu, Jun, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Mejías, Alejandro Mus, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neilsen, Joey, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Nowak, Michael A., additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Pötzl, Felix M., additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Sun, He, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tetarenko, Alexandra J., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guang-Yao, additional, and Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional

Published
2021
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26. Evidence for Two Distinct Broad-line Regions from Reverberation Mapping of PG 0026+129

Author

Hu, Chen, primary, Li, Sha-Sha, additional, Guo, Wei-Jian, additional, Yang, Sen, additional, Yang, Zi-Xu, additional, Bao, Dong-Wei, additional, Jiang, Bo-Wei, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Xiao, Ming, additional, Songsheng, Yu-Yang, additional, Yu, Zhe, additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Brotherton, Michael S., additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Aceituno, Jesús, additional, Winkler, Hartmut, additional, and Wang, Jian-Min, additional

Published
2020
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27. Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009–2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope

Author

Wielgus, Maciek, primary, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Chan, Chi-kwan, additional, Dexter, Jason, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Wong, George N., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Broderick, Avery E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Markoff, Sera, additional, Marrone, Daniel P., additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Dexter, Matthew, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Wright, Melvyn, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Ball, David, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barausse, Enrico, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Christian, Pierre, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, Laurentis, Mariafelicia De, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Dzib, Sergio A., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Galison, Peter, additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gold, Roman, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, James, David J., additional, Jannuzi, Buell T., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Junhan, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lauer, Tod R., additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Medeiros, Lia, additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Musoke, Gibwa, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Nathanail, Antonios, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Özel, Feryal, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Patel, Nimesh, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Psaltis, Dimitrios, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Roshanineshat, Arash, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Roy, Alan L., additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Ryan, Benjamin R., additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Trent, Tyler, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Tsuda, Shuichiro, additional, Bemmel, Ilse van, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guangyao, additional, Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional, and Zhu, Ziyan, additional

Published
2020
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28. THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope

Author

Broderick, Avery E., primary, Gold, Roman, additional, Karami, Mansour, additional, Preciado-López, Jorge A., additional, Tiede, Paul, additional, Pu, Hung-Yi, additional, Akiyama, Kazunori, additional, Alberdi, Antxon, additional, Alef, Walter, additional, Asada, Keiichi, additional, Azulay, Rebecca, additional, Baczko, Anne-Kathrin, additional, Baloković, Mislav, additional, Barrett, John, additional, Bintley, Dan, additional, Blackburn, Lindy, additional, Boland, Wilfred, additional, Bouman, Katherine L., additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Bremer, Michael, additional, Brinkerink, Christiaan D., additional, Brissenden, Roger, additional, Britzen, Silke, additional, Broguiere, Dominique, additional, Bronzwaer, Thomas, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Carlstrom, John E., additional, Chael, Andrew, additional, Chatterjee, Shami, additional, Chatterjee, Koushik, additional, Chen, Ming-Tang, additional, Chen, Yongjun, additional, Cho, Ilje, additional, Conway, John E., additional, Cordes, James M., additional, Crew, Geoffrey B., additional, Cui, Yuzhu, additional, Davelaar, Jordy, additional, De Laurentis, Mariafelicia, additional, Deane, Roger, additional, Dempsey, Jessica, additional, Desvignes, Gregory, additional, Doeleman, Sheperd S., additional, Eatough, Ralph P., additional, Falcke, Heino, additional, Fish, Vincent L., additional, Fomalont, Ed, additional, Fraga-Encinas, Raquel, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Fromm, Christian M., additional, Galison, Peter, additional, Gammie, Charles F., additional, García, Roberto, additional, Gentaz, Olivier, additional, Georgiev, Boris, additional, Goddi, Ciriaco, additional, Gómez, José L., additional, Gu, Minfeng, additional, Gurwell, Mark, additional, Hada, Kazuhiro, additional, Hecht, Michael H., additional, Hesper, Ronald, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Ho, Paul, additional, Honma, Mareki, additional, Huang, Chih-Wei L., additional, Huang, Lei, additional, Hughes, David H., additional, Inoue, Makoto, additional, Issaoun, Sara, additional, James, David J., additional, Janssen, Michael, additional, Jeter, Britton, additional, Jiang, Wu, additional, Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra, additional, Johnson, Michael D., additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Jung, Taehyun, additional, Karuppusamy, Ramesh, additional, Kawashima, Tomohisa, additional, Keating, Garrett K., additional, Kettenis, Mark, additional, Kim, Jae-Young, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Kino, Motoki, additional, Koay, Jun Yi, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Koyama, Shoko, additional, Kramer, Michael, additional, Kramer, Carsten, additional, Krichbaum, Thomas P., additional, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Li, Zhiyuan, additional, Lindqvist, Michael, additional, Lico, Rocco, additional, Liu, Kuo, additional, Liuzzo, Elisabetta, additional, Lo, Wen-Ping, additional, Lobanov, Andrei P., additional, Loinard, Laurent, additional, Lonsdale, Colin, additional, Lu, Ru-Sen, additional, MacDonald, Nicholas R., additional, Mao, Jirong, additional, Marscher, Alan P., additional, Martí-Vidal, Iván, additional, Matsushita, Satoki, additional, Matthews, Lynn D., additional, Menten, Karl M., additional, Mizuno, Yosuke, additional, Mizuno, Izumi, additional, Moran, James M., additional, Moriyama, Kotaro, additional, Moscibrodzka, Monika, additional, Müller, Cornelia, additional, Nagai, Hiroshi, additional, Nagar, Neil M., additional, Nakamura, Masanori, additional, Narayan, Ramesh, additional, Narayanan, Gopal, additional, Natarajan, Iniyan, additional, Neri, Roberto, additional, Ni, Chunchong, additional, Noutsos, Aristeidis, additional, Okino, Hiroki, additional, Olivares, Héctor, additional, Ortiz-León, Gisela N., additional, Oyama, Tomoaki, additional, Palumbo, Daniel C. M., additional, Park, Jongho, additional, Pen, Ue-Li, additional, Pesce, Dominic W., additional, Piétu, Vincent, additional, Plambeck, Richard, additional, PopStefanija, Aleksandar, additional, Porth, Oliver, additional, Prather, Ben, additional, Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Raymond, Alexander W., additional, Rezzolla, Luciano, additional, Ripperda, Bart, additional, Roelofs, Freek, additional, Rogers, Alan, additional, Ros, Eduardo, additional, Rose, Mel, additional, Rottmann, Helge, additional, Ruszczyk, Chet, additional, Ryan, Benjamin R., additional, Rygl, Kazi L. J., additional, Sánchez, Salvador, additional, Sánchez-Arguelles, David, additional, Sasada, Mahito, additional, Savolainen, Tuomas, additional, Schloerb, F. Peter, additional, Schuster, Karl-Friedrich, additional, Shao, Lijing, additional, Shen, Zhiqiang, additional, Small, Des, additional, Sohn, Bong Won, additional, SooHoo, Jason, additional, Tazaki, Fumie, additional, Tilanus, Remo P. J., additional, Titus, Michael, additional, Toma, Kenji, additional, Torne, Pablo, additional, Traianou, Efthalia, additional, Trippe, Sascha, additional, Tsuda, Shuichiro, additional, van Bemmel, Ilse, additional, van Langevelde, Huib Jan, additional, van Rossum, Daniel R., additional, Wagner, Jan, additional, Wardle, John, additional, Weintroub, Jonathan, additional, Wex, Norbert, additional, Wharton, Robert, additional, Wielgus, Maciek, additional, Wong, George N., additional, Wu, Qingwen, additional, Yoon, Doosoo, additional, Young, André, additional, Young, Ken, additional, Younsi, Ziri, additional, Yuan, Feng, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Zensus, J. Anton, additional, Zhao, Guangyao, additional, Zhao, Shan-Shan, additional, and Zhu, Ziyan, additional

Published
2020
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30. Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. XI. Accretion Disk Reverberation Mapping of Mrk 142

Author

Cackett, Edward M., primary, Gelbord, Jonathan, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Horne, Keith, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Barth, Aaron J., additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Carroll, Russell W., additional, Du, Pu, additional, Edelson, Rick, additional, Goad, Michael R., additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Khatu, Viraja C., additional, Luo, Bin, additional, Miller, Jake, additional, and Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional

Published
2020
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31. Active Galactic Nuclei with Ultrafast Outflows Monitoring Project: The Broad-line Region of Mrk 79 as a Disk Wind

Author

Lu, Kai-Xing, primary, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Xiang, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Kim, Minjin, additional, Wang, Jian-Min, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Xiao, Ming, additional, Feng, Hai-Cheng, additional, Wang, Jian-Guo, additional, Xu, Liang, additional, Ding, Xu, additional, Yu, Xiao-Guang, additional, Xin, Yu-Xin, additional, Ye, Kai, additional, Wang, Chuan-Jun, additional, Lun, Bao-Li, additional, Zhang, Ju-Jia, additional, Zhang, Xi-Liang, additional, Ji, Kai-Fan, additional, Fan, Yu-Feng, additional, and Chang, Liang, additional

Published
2019
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32. Evidence for Two Distinct Broad-line Regions from Reverberation Mapping of PG 0026+129

Author

Wei-Jian Guo, Yu-Yang Songsheng, Ming Xiao, Yan-Rong Li, Jian-Min Wang, Zhe Yu, Jesús Aceituno, Ye-Fei Yuan, Hartmut Winkler, Wei-Hao Bian, Luis C. Ho, Dong-Wei Bao, Chen Hu, Zi-Xu Yang, Michael S. Brotherton, Bo-Wei Jiang, Pu Du, Sha-Sha Li, Sen Yang, Jin-Ming Bai, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), and European Commission

Subjects
Physics, Active galactic nuclei, Supermassive black hole, Seyfert galaxies, Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Reverberation mapping, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Time domain astronomy, Supermassive black holes, 0103 physical sciences, Quasars, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation)
Abstract

Authors: Hu, Chen; Li, Sha-Sha; Guo, Wei-Jian; Yang, Sen; Yang, Zi-Xu; Bao, Dong-Wei; Jiang, Bo-Wei; Du, Pu; Li, Yan-Rong; Xiao, Ming; Songsheng, Yu-Yang; Yu, Zhe; Bai, Jin-Ming; Ho, Luis C.; Bian, Wei-Hao; Brotherton, Michael S.; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Aceituno, Jesús; Winkler, Hartmut; Wang, Jian-Min; SEAMBH Collaboration, We report on the results of a new spectroscopic monitoring campaign of the quasar PG 0026+129 at the Calar Alto Observatory 2.2 m telescope from 2017 July to 2020 February. Significant variations in the fluxes of the continuum and broad emission lines, including Hβ and He ii, were observed in the first and third years, and clear time lags between them are measured. The broad Hβ line profile consists of two Gaussian components: an intermediate-width H with an FWHM of 1964 ± 18 and another very broad H with an FWHM of 7570 ± 83 . H has long time lags of ∼40-60 days in the rest frame, while H shows nearly zero time delay with respect to the optical continuum at 5100 Å. The velocity-resolved delays show consistent results: lags of ∼30-50 days at the core of the broad Hβ line and roughly zero lags at the wings. H has a redshift of ∼400 , which seems to be stable for nearly 30 yr by comparing with archived spectra, and may originate from an infall. The rms spectrum of H shows a double-peaked profile with brighter blue peak and extended red wing in the first year, which matches the signature of a thin disk. Both the double-peaked profile and the near-zero lag suggest that H comes from a region associated with the part of the accretion disk that emits the optical continuum. Adopting the FWHM (in the rms spectrum) and the time lag measured for the total Hβ line, and a virial factor of 1.5, we obtain a virial mass of for the central black hole in this quasar. © 2020. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.., We acknowledge the support of the staff of the CAHA 2.2 m telescope. This work is based on observations collected at the Centro Astronomico Hispanoen Andalucia (CAHA) at Calar Alto, operated jointly by the Andalusian Universities and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (CSIC). This research is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0400701, 2016YFA0400702), by the National Science Foundation of China (11721303, 11773029, 11833008, 11873048, 11922304, 11973029, 11991051, 11991052, 11991054, 12003036, 12022301), by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS; QYZDJ-SSW-SLH007), by the CAS Key Research Program (KJZDEW-M06), and by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS (XDB23000000, XDB23010400). J.A. acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the "Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa" award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709).

Published
2020

33. Untangling Optical Emissions of the Jet and Accretion Disk in the Flat-spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 273 with Reverberation Mapping Data

Author

Zhi-Xiang Zhang, Chichuan Jin, Yan-Rong Li, Lang Cui, Pu Du, Xiang Liu, and Jian-Min Wang

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Accretion disc, 0103 physical sciences, Emission spectrum, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Jet (fluid), Spectrum (functional analysis), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Polarization (waves), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Reverberation mapping, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

3C 273 is an intensively monitored flat-spectrum radio quasar with both a beamed jet and blue bump together with broad emission lines. The coexistence of the comparably prominent jet and accretion disk leads to complicated variability properties. Recent reverberation mapping monitoring for 3C 273 revealed that the optical continuum shows a distinct long-term trend that does not have a corresponding echo in the Hbeta fluxes. We compile multi-wavelength monitoring data from the Swift archive and other ground-based programs and clearly find two components of emissions at optical wavelength. One component stems from the accretion disk itself and the other component can be ascribed to the jet contribution, which also naturally accounts for the non-echoed trend in reverberation mapping data. We develop an approach to decouple the optical emissions from the jet and accretion disk in 3C 273 with the aid of multi-wavelength monitoring data. By assuming the disk emission has a negligible polarization in consideration of the low inclination of the jet, the results show that the jet contributes a fraction of ~10% at the minimum and up to ~40% at the maximum to the total optical emissions. This is the first time to provide a physical interpretation to the "detrending" manipulation conventionally adopted in reverberation mapping analysis. Our work also illustrates the importance of appropriately analyzing variability properties in cases of coexisting jets and accretion disks., 17 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables; accepted to ApJ

Published
2020

39. Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. VIII. Structure of the Broad-line Region and Mass of the Central Black Hole in Mrk 142

Author

Li, Yan-Rong, primary, Songsheng, Yu-Yang, additional, Qiu, Jie, additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Du, Pu, additional, Lu, Kai-Xing, additional, Huang, Ying-Ke, additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, and Wang, Jian-Min, additional

Published
2018
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41. Kinematics of the Broad-line Region of 3C 273 from a 10 yr Reverberation Mapping Campaign

Author

Ying-Ke Huang, Kai Wang, Ming Xiao, Jin-Ming Bai, Luis C. Ho, Chen Hu, Paul S. Smith, Jian-Min Wang, Yan-Rong Li, Zhi-Xiang Zhang, Yulin Zhao, and Pu Du

Subjects
Physics, Very Large Telescope, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stellar mass, Continuum (design consultancy), Balmer series, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Radial velocity, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Reverberation mapping, Emission spectrum, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation)
Abstract

Despite many decades of study, the kinematics of the broad-line region of 3C 273 are still poorly understood. We report a new, high signal-to-noise, reverberation mapping campaign carried out from 2008 November to 2018 March that allows the determination of time lags between emission lines and the variable continuum with high precision. The time lag of variations in Hβ relative to those of the 5100 Å continuum is days in the rest frame, which agrees very well with the Paschen-α region measured by the GRAVITY at The Very Large Telescope Interferometer. The time lag of the Hγ emission line is found to be nearly the same as that for Hβ. The lag of the Fe ii emission is days, longer by a factor of ∼2 than that of the Balmer lines. The velocity-resolved lag measurements of the Hβ line show a complex structure that can be possibly explained by a rotation-dominated disk with some inflowing radial velocity in the Hβ-emitting region. Taking the virial factor of f BLR = 1.3, we derive a BH mass of and an accretion rate of from the Hβ line. The decomposition of its Hubble Space Telescope images yields a host stellar mass of , and a ratio of in agreement with the Magorrian relation. In the near future, it is expected to compare the geometrically thick BLR discovered by the GRAVITY in 3C 273 with its spatially resolved torus in order to understand the potential connection between the BLR and the torus.

Published
2019

42. Interpretation of Departure from the Broad-line Region Scaling in Active Galactic Nuclei

Author

Conor Wildy, Bozena Czerny, Swayamtrupta Panda, Pu Du, Marzena Sniegowska, Ye-Fei Yuan, Krzysztof Hryniewicz, Jian-Min Wang, Yan-Rong Li, and Vladimir Karas

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Reverberation, Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spins, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Accretion (astrophysics), Accretion disc, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Monochromatic color, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Scaling, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Most results of the reverberation monitoring of active galaxies showed a universal scaling of the time delay of the Hbeta emission region with the monochromatic flux at 5100 A, with very small dipersion. Such a scaling favored the dust-based formation mechanism of the Broad Line Region (BLR). Recent reverberation measurements showed that actually a significant fraction of objects exhibits horter lags than the previously found scaling. Here we demonstrate that these shorter lags can be explained by the old concept of scaling of the BLR size with the ionization parameter. Assuming a universal value of this parameter and universal value of the cloud density reproduces the distribution of observational points in the time delay vs. monochromatic flux plane, provided that a range of black hole spins is allowed. However, a confirmation of the new measurements for low/moderate Eddington ratio sources is strongly needed before the dust-based origin of the BLR can be excluded., Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2019

43. Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. VIII. Structure of the Broad-line Region and Mass of the Central Black Hole in Mrk 142

Author

Yu-Yang Songsheng, Jie Qiu, Ye-Fei Yuan, Jin-Ming Bai, Ying-Ke Huang, Luis C. Ho, Pu Du, Wei-Hao Bian, Jian-Min Wang, Kai-Xing Lu, Yan-Rong Li, and Chen Hu

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Active galactic nucleus, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Random walk, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Virial theorem, Accretion (astrophysics), Full width at half maximum, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Reverberation mapping, Outflow, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

This is the eighth in a series of papers reporting on a large reverberation mapping campaign to measure black hole (BH) mass in high accretion rate active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We employ the recently developed dynamical modeling approach for broad-line regions (BLRs) based on the method of Pancoast et al. to analyze the reverberation mapping dataset of Mrk 142 observed in the first monitoring season. In this approach, continuum variations are reconstructed using a damped random walk process, and BLR structure is delineated using a flexible disk-like geometry, in which BLR clouds move around the central BH with Keplerian orbits or inflow/outflow motion. The approach also includes the possibilities of anisotropic emission of BLR clouds, non-linear response of the line emission to the continuum, and different long-term trends in the continuum and emission-line variations. We implement the approach in a Bayesian framework that is apt for parallel computation and use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique to recover the parameters and uncertainties for the modeling, including mass of the central BH. We apply three BLR models with different prescriptions of BLR clouds distributions and find that the best model for fitting the data of Mrk 142 is a two-zone BLR model, consistent with the theoretical BLR model surrounding slim accretion disks. The best model yields a BH mass of $\log (M_\bullet/M_\odot)=6.23_{-0.45}^{+0.26}$, resulting in a virial factor of $\log f=-0.36_{-0.54}^{+0.33}$ for the full width at half maximum of the H$\beta$ line measured from the mean spectrum. The virial factors for the other measures of the H$\beta$ line width are also presented., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables; ApJ accepted; The software BRAINS available at https://github.com/LiyrAstroph/BRAINS

Published
2018

44. A High-quality Velocity-delay Map of the Broad-line Region in NGC 5548

Author

Xiao, Ming, primary, Du, Pu, additional, Lu, Kai-King, additional, Hu, Chen, additional, Li, Yan-Rong, additional, Zhang, Zhi-Xiang, additional, Wang, Kai, additional, Huang, Ying-Ke, additional, Bai, Jin-Ming, additional, Bian, Wei-Hao, additional, Ho, Luis C., additional, Yuan, Ye-Fei, additional, and Wang, Jian-Min, additional

Published
2018
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46. Supermassive Black Holes with High Accretion Rates in Active Galactic Nuclei. IX. 10 New Observations of Reverberation Mapping and Shortened HβLags

Author

Ying-Ke Huang, Jian-Min Wang, Luis C. Ho, Jin-Ming Bai, Wei-Hao Bian, Ye-Fei Yuan, Chen Hu, Yan-Rong Li, Zhi-Xiang Zhang, Pu Du, Kai Wang, Kai-Xing Lu, and Yue Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Active galactic nucleus, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Relative strength, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, 01 natural sciences, Accretion (astrophysics), Black hole, Accretion rate, Accretion disc, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Reverberation mapping, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

As one of the series of papers reporting on a large reverberation mapping campaign of super-Eddington accreting massive black holes (SEAMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we present the results of 10 SEAMBHs monitored spectroscopically during 2015-2017. Six of them are observed for the first time, and have generally higher 5100 \AA\ luminosities than the SEAMBHs monitored in our campaign from 2012 to 2015; the remaining four are repeat observations to check if their previous lags change. Similar to the previous SEAMBHs, the H$\beta$ time lags of the newly observed objects are shorter than the values predicted by the canonical $R_{\mathrm{H\beta}}$-$L_{5100}$ relation of sub-Eddington AGNs, by factors of $\sim2-6$, depending on the accretion rate. The four previously observed objects have lags consistent with previous measurements. We provide linear regressions for the $R_{\mathrm{H\beta}}$-$L_{5100}$ relation, solely for the SEAMBH sample and for low-accretion AGNs. We find that the relative strength of Fe II and the profile of the H$\beta$ emission line can be used as proxies of accretion rate, showing that the shortening of H$\beta$ lags depends on accretion rates. The recent SDSS-RM discovery of shortened H$\beta$ lags in AGNs with low accretion rates provides compelling evidence for retrograde accretion onto the black hole. These evidences show that the canonical $R_{\mathrm{H\beta}}$-$L_{5100}$ relation holds only in AGNs with moderate accretion rates. At low accretion rates, it should be revised to include the effects of black hole spin, whereas the accretion rate itself becomes a key factor in the regime of high accretion rates., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal

Published
2018

47. EPISODIC ACTIVITIES OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES AT REDSHIFTz⩽ 2: DRIVEN BY MERGERS?

Author

Yan-Rong Li, Jian-Min Wang, Ye-Fei Yuan, Chen Hu, and Shu Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Mass ratio, Galaxy merger, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Redshift, Accretion (astrophysics), Galaxy, Luminosity, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

It has been suggested for quite a long time that galaxy mergers trigger activities of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) on the grounds of imaging observations of individual galaxies. To quantitatively examine this hypothesis, we calculate quasar luminosity functions (LFs) by manipulating the observed galaxy LFs ($z\lesssim 2$) and theoretical merger rates from semi-analytical formulations. We find that the model reproduces the observed quasar LFs provided that the mass ratio ($q$) of the secondary galaxy to the newly formed one changes with cosmic time. The results show that the fraction of major mergers decreases from $f_{\rm maj}\sim 0.2$ at $z\sim 2$ to $f_{\rm maj}\to 0$ at $z\sim 0$. As a consequence, the newly formed SMBHs from major mergers at $z\sim 2$ may acquire a maximal spin due to the orbital angular momentum of the merging holes. Subsequently, random accretion led by minor mergers rapidly drives the SMBHs to spin down. Such an evolutionary trend of the SMBH spins is consistent with that radiative efficiency of accreting SMBHs strongly declines with cosmic time, reported by Wang et al. (2009). This suggests that minor mergers are important in triggering activities of SMBHs at low redshift while major mergers may dominate at high redshift., 8 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

Published
2010

48. SPINS OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN M87. II. FULLY GENERAL RELATIVISTIC CALCULATIONS

Author

Jiancheng Wang, Jian-Min Wang, Ye-Fei Yuan, Shu Zhang, and Yan-Rong Li

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Photon, Spins, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Kerr metric, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Specific relative angular momentum, Accretion (astrophysics), Black hole, Space and Planetary Science, Relativistic quantum chemistry
Abstract

The fast variability of energetic TeV photons from the center of M87 has been detected, offering a new clue to estimate spins of supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We extend the study of Wang et al. (2008) by including all of general relativistic effects. We numerically solve the full set of relativistic hydrodynamical equations of the radiatively inefficient accretion flows (RIAFs) and then obtain the radiation fields around the black hole. The optical depth of the radiation fields to TeV photons due to pair productions are calculated in the Kerr metric. We find that the optical depth strongly depends on: (1) accretion rates as $\tautev\propto \dot{M}^{2.5-5.0}$; (2) black hole spins; and (3) location of the TeV source. Jointly considering the optical depth and the spectral energy distribution radiated from the RIAFs, the strong degeneration of the spin with the other free parameters in the RIAF model can be largely relaxed. We apply the present model to M87, wherein the RIAFs are expected to be at work, and find that the minimum specific angular momentum of the hole is $a\sim0.8$. The present methodology is applicable to M87-like sources with future detection of TeV emissions to constrain the spins of SMBHs.

Published
2009

49. EPISODIC RANDOM ACCRETION AND THE COSMOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE SPINS

Author

Chang-Shuo Yan, Jian-Min Wang, Andrew J. King, Yanmei Chen, Ruediger Staubert, Alessandro Marconi, Chen Hu, Luis C. Ho, Yan-Rong Li, and Shu Zhang

Subjects
Physics, Supermassive black hole, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Star formation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Accretion (astrophysics), Redshift, Luminosity, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Spin-½
Abstract

The growth of supermassive black holes (BHs) located at the centers of their host galaxies comes mainly from accretion of gas, but how to fuel them remains an outstanding unsolved problem in quasar evolution. This issue can be elucidated by quantifying the radiative efficiency parameter ($\eta$) as a function of redshift, which also provides constraints on the average spin of the BHs and its possible evolution with time. We derive a formalism to link $\eta$ with the luminosity density, BH mass density, and duty cycle of quasars, quantities we can estimate from existing quasar and galaxy survey data. We find that $\eta$ has a strong cosmological evolution: at z~2, $\eta \approx 0.3$, and by $z\approx 0$ it has decreased by an order of magnitude, to $\eta\approx 0.03$. We interpret this trend as evolution in BH spin, and we appeal to episodic, random accretion as the mechanism for reducing the spin. The observation that the fraction of radio-loud quasars decreases with increasing redshift is inconsistent with the popular notion that BH spin is a critical factor for generating strong radio jets. In agreement with previous studies, we show that the derived history of BH accretion closely follows the cosmic history of star formation, consistent with other evidence that BHs and their host galaxies coevolve., Comment: 4 page, 2 color figures. Accepted by ApJL

Published
2009

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