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meso-Bromosubstituted indodicarbocyanine dyes produce dimeric molecules, together with the debrominated species, under acid catalysis. The relationship between the dimerization and hydrodebromination routes depends on the aryl substitution of the dyes. A possible reaction mechanism is also proposed.

A boron trifluoride–methanol complex demonstrated remarkable deprotection selectivity against commonly used amino-protecting groups in the deacetylation of acetanilides and high sensitivity to the steric hindrance of substrates. The scope and limitations of the reaction were explored.

Acyclic Pd–diaminocarbene complex showed high catalytic activity in Suzuki arylation of meso-chlorine-substituted tricarboindocyanine dyes. Arylated dyes were obtained in 57–83% yields in the presence of 5 × 10−4 equiv of catalyst.

A set of amino-group possessing cyanine dyes is obtained from their N-acetyl derivatives via deprotection with boron trifluoride–methanol complex in good yields.

The synthesis and characterization of new nor-indocrococyanine dyes are described. The acid form of the obtained dyes has an absorbance maxima in the 759–800 nm range. They present spectral changes at pH 6.5–9.7.

New one-step synthesis of ketocyanine dyes is presented. The dyes obtained expose spectral changes in pH range from 1.7 to 4.3 and their protonated forms absorb at 715–750 nm.

Synthesis of new acidochromic-based dyes is presented. The dyes obtained have acid absorbance maxima at 640–700 nm and expose spectral changes in the pH-range from 8 to 12.