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Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Regression is one of the most common statistical tools used in exploring relationships between socio-economic phenomena. Traditional regression models, however, have limited reliability in case of spatial data. One solution to this problem is the geographically weighted regression (GWR), which considers spatial processes as variables. Traditional GWR assumes that all modelled processes operate on the same spatial bandwidth. A novel extension allows each relationship to vary according to different spatial bandwidths, leading to the multiscale geographically weighted (MGWR) method. This paper is comparing standard OLS, GWR and MGWR by investigating corporate liquidation. The author estimated the spatial variability of settlement-level corporate liquidations using meso-level economic, municipal, and transportation data. The findings of the three models indicated that MGWR outperformed the other two methods. Among the economic factors affecting liquidation, the global effect of the unemployment rate and the local effect of per capita income may be observed. The presence of bank branches in the settlement and the weight of the industrial sector significantly impact business liquidations, as well as transportation indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

COVID-19 mortality rates (number of deaths / infected) of the Hungarian LAU 1 Districts are statistically modelled in this paper, with feature variables describing the general health conditions and the state of in-and outpatient care of the districts. Our data sources are the databases of the Hungarian Central Statistical Office and statements of the National Health Insurance Fund Management (NHIFM). Variables represent the year 2019, as it is the year preceding the global pandemic that started in 2020. Variables from the NHIFM statements describing inpatient care are large in volume, so they are incorporated in our model with the help of clustering. The unfavourable mortality rates of Hungary in international comparison, during the second and third waves of the pandemic highlight the need to investigate the regional differences of the Hungarian COVID-19 mortality indices. Exploring the reasons of regional differences are helping us in understanding the reasons behind the high country-level COVID-19 mortality. Novelty of this paper, compared to previous research, is the creation of a formal statistical model for Hungarian COVID-19 mortality on a district level, using variables describing both the general health conditions and the state of in-and outpatient care of the districts. Our results highlight the connection between the number of nurses at general practitioner services per ten thousand people and the COVID-19 mortality rates at the districts of Hungary. In the districts with a higher than the national average workload at hospitals in active inpatient care and other departments, the number of nurses has a significant negative effect on COVID-19 mortality. This effect cannot be observed in the rest of the districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature on mental health often refers to poverty and deprivation as main sources of different types of mental health problems. In this paper I examine the relationship between depression, a common mental health problem and income deprivation, as well as further control variables while assuming the existence of underlying neighboring effects that shape the depression levels in certain regions of Scotland. Based on the spatial models created within the scope of this paper we can conclude that growing income deprivation within a region causes the level of depression to rise, too. Moreover, the said growth triggers a multiplier effect as well since the depression levels of neighboring regions grow accordingly. The paper concludes that resource allocation strategies should take these effects into consideration, too, when targeting certain regions in order to enhance the efficiency of regional support policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper is based on the five principal dimensions of the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI), however, instead of the original scoring model based on arbitrary pre-determined weights, the authors apply more objective ranking methods using the statistical properties of the data series to determine where Hungary stands in terms of digital development among the countries of the European Union and other developed countries in the data set. The ranking is performed using the DEA-CWA (Data Envelopment Analysis / Common Weights Analysis) method (with six models) and the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method; the resulting weight vectors and rankings are then compared. Although the resulting weight vectors differ significantly from the arbitrary weights set by the European Commission, the country rankings remain similar, displaying relatively little sensitivity to the chosen weighting method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main question the author seeks to answer is how local (settlement level) income inequalities are shaped by the effects arising from different geographical proximity. The central hypothesis of the research is that spatial proximity effects typically affect not only static but also dynamic income positions. It is further hypothesised that income mobility resulting from proximity effects drives individual settlements towards club formation, with significant spatial concentration processes underlying these clubs and showing temporal and spatial variation. The paper describes the spatial organizing phenomenon of geographic proximity and the implicit and explicit spatial correlations that have appeared and been shown in domestic income processes. The analyses answer the research hypotheses and questions with the ETSDA and ESTDA methods used in spatial econometrics. The results show that the evolution of settlement income inequality cannot be interpreted without knowledge of geographical proximity. Spatial proximity has a crucial influence on the chances of settlements to stagnate, catch up and fall behind. The neighbourhood microenvironment suggests that settlements form spatially significant income clubs, with real processes behind them. The evolution of spatial clubs over time is characterised by both stability and mobility, with phenomena before and after the 2008 global economic crisis being clearly distinguishable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main focus of the paper is on the new phenomena appeared during the past 5-7 years compared to the beginning of the nineties, the restart stage of rural tourism in Hungary. It calls the attention to the mixed character of rural tourism in Hungary, the family and household background of services and also the benefits of rural tourism for the hosts. The paper describes the strange generation change and analyses the reasons and circumstances of decline among rural hosts in the past 5-6 years and defines proposals for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objective of the paper is to overview the development differences of the European urban areas, with special regard to the settlements with automotive industry. The paper can be divided into two main analyses. The first one summarizes main features of the European urban areas in the size category of 50-500 thousands of population. The second analysis focuses on the main characteristics of the automotive industry settlements in the EU-28, ignoring the number of the population. The other aim of the paper is to find the position of Győr among the European urban areas with population between 50-500 thousands, and among settlements with the automotive industry, with special regard to Hungarian automotive cities. In the focus of the study there stand structural features of their development. The used method was cluster analysis, especially based on NUTS-3 data of Eurostat database and population data of cities according to a German database (citypopulation.de). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper studies the changes in the ethnic structure of post-socialist Hungary. Based on the data of the census 2011, it turned out, contrary to the expectations, that the number of the non-Hungarian population significantly increased between 2001 and 2011 and so did the population that declared no ethnicity or refused to answer. Behind this phenomenon one can identify several reasons of which the methodological changes and the role of migration and of subjective factors should be highlighted. As for the methodology, double/multiple identification in three/four ethnic categories was allowed in the last two censuses, which resulted in the growing number of respondents who declare both Hungarian and minority ethnicity. Meanwhile, the arrival of mainly economic migrants from Romania, Ukraine and Serbia has changed the ethnic landscape, particularly in the Central Region. A new transnational form of migration, observed at the Hungarian-Slovakian and Hungarian-Romanian border zones, is the cross-border suburbanization. Since the above-mentioned factors do not explain all the changes, the role of the subjective factors should be researched, too. The present paper reveals that the self-identification of some of the minorities is related to symbolic ethnicity, thus the results of the census cannot be interpreted in the frame of the assimilation discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of this paper gives a general overview about the theoretical pros and cons and the contradictory previous empirical findings of the integration of local communal services. The second part of the paper presents the own empirical findings of the authors about the horizontal integration of communal waste, district heating, real estate services and other general services in the Western Hungarian town of Győr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays a very popular trend of social scientific research on cities deals with what role cities play in the economy. In these researches conclusions are often drawn on the impact of directing and controlling function of cities on the economy through the financial performance of multinational/transnational companies and banks. Namely their changes are in cause-effect association with the actual economic processes. In the present paper the author identifies and ranks Hungarian economic centres in the period between 1992-2011 by means of a method applied in international practice. In consequence of economic processes following the change of regime, accession to the European Union and due to some special taxation regulations specific of Hungary, the position of settlements changed within the economic system. After two decades of transition period the dominance of the capital and its conurbation significantly increased, east-westerly dichotomy became stronger, while the role of traditional industrial centres and of some large cities with complex economic structure weakened. As a result of these processes new type economic centres evolved, which got into outstanding position due to only one economically determinant company. Extreme case is represented by inland tax-free ports, which became leading economic centres due to the offshore activity of international multinational companies. The aim of this paper is to create a settlement classification, which is based on the dynamically changing position of settlements in the economy, and reflects economic processes after the change of the regime with all their anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)