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Acarospora rhabarbarinaHue, published as a replacement name for the later homonym Lecanora bellaNyl., is an illegitimate superfluous name because Nylander had previously published his own replacement name, L. xanthophana(= A. xanthophana(Nyl.) Jatta). Furthermore, Hue, Magnusson and other later authors misapplied the name A. xanthophanato a common South American taxon, which is described here as A. congregata, the epithet referring to the usual arrangement of the apothecia in groups in large areoles. Lecanora ochrophanaNyl., a synonym of A. xanthophana, is lectotypified. The question of conservation of names, including an explanation as to why it is not proposed in this case, is discussed.