Search

The article discusses the taxonomic classification and nomenclature of the genus Soda (Dumort.) Fourr. within the family Chenopodiaceae s.str. / Amaranthaceae s.l. The article highlights the debate surrounding the typification of the genus name Salsola and the need for proper taxonomic application. The authors propose conserving the name Soda against the name Sevada, as the former is applicable to a distinct clade within the genus. The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining nomenclatural stability and suggests that the acceptance of their proposal will not eliminate the name Sevada from the nomenclature. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the issue of similar-sounding generic names in the plant taxonomy field. Specifically, it focuses on the names Blackiella Aellen, Blakiella Cuatrec., and Blakella (L.D. Pryor & L.A.S. Johnson ex Brooker) Crisp & L.G. Cook. The authors argue that the names Blackiella and Blakiella are easily confused due to their phonetic similarity, and they propose the need for a new generic name for the South American taxon currently known as Blakiella Cuatrec. Additionally, they suggest that a new generic name should be considered for the group of eucalypts recently segregated as the genus Blakella. The authors request binding decisions from the Nomenclature Committees to address these naming issues. [Extracted from the article]

Unfortunately, neither by Morison's illustration, i.e. species no. 8 on plate 33 in section 5 (the only possible lectotype of I Salicornia arabica i ) nor by its description or the Linnaean diagnosis, is it possible to verify these mentioned sexual characters. This change in opinion by Linnaeus highlights that he perhaps mistakenly associated Morison's species no. 7 "Kali geniculatum alterum vel minus" with I S. arabica i instead of citing "Kali geniculatum majus" of Morison no. 8. 2003]); on the other hand, Kali geniculatum majus, given by Linnaeus (l.c. 1753) in the protologue of I Salicornia arabica i , was listed by Morison (l.c.) on page no. 611 as the species no. 8, linked with figure 8 on plate 33 in section 5; (3) on page 211 of Ray's I Historia plantarum i (Ray, l.c.) there are the two polynomials, " I Kali geniculatum majus i " (species no. 1) and " I Kali geniculatum alterum vel minus i " (species no. 2). [Extracted from the article]

Salicornioideae (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae) comprise 11 genera and ca. 100 species of succulent halophytes distributed worldwide in coastal and inland saline habitats. Most species have peculiar articulated, seemingly leafless stems and spike-like sessile thyrses with highly reduced flowers hidden by fleshy bracts. We analysed sequence data of four markers (ETS, ITS, atpB-rbcL, matK-trnK) from 57 species, 9 subspecies, 1 variety and 2 hybrids representing all curently accepted genera using maximum likelihood, Bayesian analysis, fossil-calibrated molecular dating and ancestral area analysis. All molecular markers gave similar phylogenet ic signals. Salicornioideae probably or iginated in Eurasia during the late Eocene--early Oligocene. The divergence of the early main clades took place in the middle Oligocene with the separation of Allenrolfea/Heterostachys, Halocnemum/Halopeplis/Halostachys/Kalidium and Arthrocnemum/Microcnemum/Tecticornia/Salicornia/ Sarcocornia lineages. The latter lineage diversified most and comprises 3/4 of the species of the subfamily. The Arthrocnemum macrostachyum/Microcnemum lineage diverged at the turn of the Oligocene/ Miocene -- while the Arthrocnemum subterminale, Tecticornia and Salicornia/Sarcocornia lineages were all present by the middle Miocene. Long-distance dispersal has taken place several t imes to the Amer icas (Allenrolfea/Heterostachys, Arthrocnemum subterminale, Salicornia/Sarcocornia), South Africa (Halopeplis, Salicornia/Sarcocornia) and Australia (Tecticornia, Salicornia/Sarcocornia). Most currently accepted genera were resolved as monophyletic. However, Sarcocornia is paraphyletic in relation to Salicornia, and Arthrocnemum proved to be polyphyletic. In addition, the name Arthrocnemum is a nomenclatural synonym of Salicornia. As a consequence, we propose the merging of Sarcocornia under Salicornia and provide 19 new nomenclatural combinations and one replacement name. For Salicornia (incl. Sarcocornia) we propose a new infrageneric classification to accommodate the four phylogenetically and geographically well-supported sublineages of the genus. We also propose abandoning the name Arthrocnemum in its current use, and describe two new genera, Arthrocaulon (Eurasia, Africa) and Arthroceras (North America), and provide three new nomenclatural combinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the generic names Salsola L. and Kali Mill is discussed. The latter is a legitimate name, published independently from Salsola, even though the original generic boundaries are by and large the same. The type of Salsola is S. soda L, the earliest to have been designated in a non-supersedable way. The type of Kali is S. kali L. (K. soda Moench non (L.) Scop.; = K. turgidum (Dumort.) Guterm.). The current nomenclatural situation is satisfactory and need not be changed by any conservation proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article lists the chromosome data for several families of flowering plants of the International Organization of Plant Biosystematists including Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Acroaceae.

(in Sukhorukov & Kushunina, l.c. 2015: 288) was coined to be applied to that species of I Atriplex i , while the species of I Chenopodium i was described as I C. harae i Sukhor. After considering all nomenclatural I pros i and I contras i (see above, and also arguments presented in Mosyakin & McNeill, l.c. and Mosyakin & Mandák, l.c.), we think that the best escape from that nomenclaturally confusing situation would be to reject the long-forgotten and only recently resurrected name I C. pallidum i . Moreover, all original specimens of I Chenopodium pallidum i in P (all belonging to an I Atriplex i ) are not completely mature ("gathered in vegetative or early blooming stage": Sukhorukov & Kushunina, l.c. 2015: 288), and thus there remain some doubts regarding their actual species identity. [Extracted from the article]

Camphorosmeae constitute a species-rich tribe of Chenopodiaceae-Camphorosmoideae that consists mostly of sub- shrubs and annuals, distributed in steppes and semi-deserts of Australia, Eurasia, North Africa, southern Africa and North America. We study (1) the relationships of Camphorosmeae to major lineages of the closely related Salsoloideae and (2) the diversification of the tribe with focus on the non-Australian members using sequence variation of five different markers (rbcL gene, ndhF gene, atpB-rbcL spacer, psbB-psbH spacer, ITS) and morphological characters. The cpDNA analyses revealed six early-branching lineages in Camphorosmoideae/Salsoloideae (Camphorosmeae, Salsoleae s.str., Caroxyloneae, Salsola kali dade, Nanophyton dade, Salsola genisloides dade) and supported partly (ndhF and atpB-rbcL spacer) the sister-group relationship ofCamphorosmeae and all Salsolean clades. The distinctness ofCamphorosmeae and Sa!soleae sI. is further sup- ported by seed, stigma and pollen morphology. Molecular clock estimates point to an earlier radiation in Salsoleae sI. (Early to Middle Oligocene) than in Camphorosmeae (Early Miocene). In Salsoleae sI. early radiation might have been enhanced by multiple evolution of C4-photosynthesis which facilitated the spread into drier habitats of Eurasia. In Camphorosmeae, C4-photosynthesis likely evolved two times, probably in the Middle Miocene. During the Miocene Camphorosnieae spread from Eurasia to Australia, North America and at least two times to South Africa. Only the Australian lineage diversified, the others remained species-poor. The molecular trees congruently resolve three major clades of unclear relationship within Camphorosmeae, Chenolea dade (five widely disjunct and morphologically divergent C3-species, possibly remnants of old lineages), Sciero/aena dade (ca. 150 C3-species from Central Asia [3 spp.j and Australia [147 spp.], probably the results of a rapid radiation during the Pliocene) and Bassia/Camphorosma dade (ca. 23 C4-species and one C3/C4-intermediate which are widely distributed in Eurasia and southern Africa). The phylogenies show the artificial state of the current generic and subtribal classifications of Eurasian, North American and South African Camphorosmeae. All non-monotypic genera except Camphorosma and Neokochia were found to be polyphyletic. A revised classification of the tribe is proposed including re- instatement of the newly defined subfamily Camphorosmoideae, description of the new genera Spirobassia (I sp.), Eokochia (I sp.), Grubovia (3 spp.) and Sedobassia (1 sp.), and several new combinations and synonymizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the proposal to conserve the name Chenopodium (Chenopodiaceae s.str.; Amaranthaceae sensu APG) with a conserved type. Topics discussed include generic name Chenopodium was formally established by Linnaeus, genus Chenopodium was first typified under the American Code by Britton & Brown, and typification of Chenopodium should not depend solely on the 2017 International Botanical Congress.

Morphological, morphometric and molecular phylogenetic studies in the Eurasian/North American genus Krascheninnikovia suggest to synonymise all previously described taxa of this genus under the single species K. ceratoides. Krascheninnikovia ceratoides comprises two subspecies: the North American subsp. lanata, comb. nov., and the Eurasian subsp. ceratoides. The subspecies ceratoides comprises in addition to the traditional K. ceratoides also K. arborescens, K. compacta, K. eversmanniana, K. intramongolica, K. lenensis and K. pungens. Specimens sampled from a single, large population of subsp. ceratoides in western Mongolia showed extreme inter-individual variation, which encompasses almost any attribute previously considered to separate the different Eurasian species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S gene-ITS2 DNA revealed the genus Krascheninnikovic, to be sister to the largely Asian genera Axyris and Ceratocarpus, all of which are characterised by the presence of stellate hairs. Nomenclaturally, subtribe Axyridinae, nom. nov., is proposed to cover this group in order to replace the illegitimate name Eurotiinae. The position of the North American genus Grayia, within or outside the Axyridinae, remains unsettled. Grayia is sister to Krascheninnikovia, Axyris and Ceratocarpus in the molecular phylogeny, but has no clearly stellate hairs, Its hairs appear intermediate between uniseriate and candelabra hairs and might be the precursor of stellate hairs. The adaptive significance of the different trichomes, life form evolution and biogeographical patterns are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chenopodiaceae-Salicornioideae (14-16 gena./c. 90 spp.) are distributed worldwide in coastal and inland saline habitats. Most of them are easy to recognize by their succulent-articulated stem with strongly reduced leaves and by flowers aggregated in dense, thick spike-shaped thyrses. ITS and the atpB-rbcL spacer were sequenced for 67 species representing 14 genera of Salicornioideae and analysed with maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood, a fossil-calibrated molecular clock using the penalized likelihood method, and lineage through time plots. The evolution of stem, leaf, and flower morphology was traced using MacClade. Both molecular markers indicate that the monophyletic Salicornioideae originated in Eurasia during the Late Eocene/Early Oligocene (38.2- 28.7 Mya) and experienced a rapid radiation into its major lineages during the Early Oligocene with Allenrolfea/Heterostachys, Kalidium, Halopeplis and Halocnemum/Halostachys branching off early. Already in the Middle Miocene (19.6-14.6 Mya) all major lineages of Salicornioideae were present. These additionally include Arthrocnemum/Microcnemum, the Halosarcia lineage (which includes all Australian species except for the Australian Sarcocornia) and the Salicornia/Sarcocornia lineage. A high inter-continental dispersability can be observed in Salicornioideae in particular in the Salicornia/Sarcocornia lineage with multiple colonization events in America, Australia and South Africa linked to the global aridification during the Oligocene, Late Miocene and Pliocene. The comparatively low species number of many genera is explained by a low number of niches present in the extreme habitats of Salicornioideae, strong interspecific competition mainly by close relatives, and by Pleistocene extinctions. We detected an evolutionary trend towards increasing reduction of the leaf lamina in Salicornioideae, with an ovate or terete leaf with a decurrent base as the plesiomorphic condition. Opposite phyllotaxis has arisen at least two times in the subfamily and is strongly correlated with the pair-wise fusion of leaves (not bracts), the reduction of leaf lamina, and the articulation of stem. However, the articulated stems and reduced leaves also have evolved twice in lineages with alternate phyllotaxis, such as Allenrolfea and Kalidium caspicum. Only one shift from free to connate bracts occurred in Salicornioideae with at least one reversal within the Halosarcia lineage. The fusion of bracts is mostly accompanied by a partly or fully connation of bracts and axis resulting in club-shaped spikes in which the flowers are tightly embedded in cavities. Both molecular trees are conflicting with the traditional tribes indicating that their diagnostic characters have originated by convergent evolution. For reasons of stability and clarity we propose that only one tribe, Salicornieae, should be recognized. The traditional circumscription of most genera is supported by the molecular results except for the closely related genera of the Australian Halosarcia clade and the Sarcocornia/Salicornia complex. The monotypic Kalidiopsis clearly originated from within Kalidium, and it is therefore newly combined in Kalidium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chenopodiaceae subfam. Betoideae is distributed in both western Eurasia (four genera) and western North America (one genus). To understand the origin of this disjunction, the phylogeny of the subfamily was reconstructed and dated using ndhF, matK/trnK, trnL-trnF spacer, and ITS sequence variation, penalized likelihood and Langley-Fitch, and calibration with three different fossils. Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood analyses of the molecular data show that Betoideae are monophyletic, but that relationships of the Himalayan Acroglochin, traditionally included in Betoideae because of the shared possession of a circumscissile capsule, are uncertain. Among the betoidean genera, Beta (excl. sect. Procumbentes) is sister to a clade of Hablitzia, Patellifolia (= Beta sect. Procumbentes), Oreobliton, and Aphanisma. Apart from the strongly supported sister group relationship between the North African Oreobliton and the Californian Aphanisma interrelationships among these four genera are not unambiguously resolved. The crown group age of Betoideae was estimated to 38.4–27.5 my using different DNA sequences, and the age of the Oreobliton/Aphanisma split to 15.4–8.1 my. Considering all evidence available, we conclude that the western Eurasian-western North American disjunction of Oreobliton/Aphanisma is more likely to have resulted from the fragmentation of a Beringian than a North Atlantic ancestral range. Irrespective of the geographical location of this ancestral range we postulate that the evolution into dry habitats of Oreobliton and Aphanisma took place in parallel in western Eurasia and western North America. Evidence for this may be the very different life form and habitat of the two genera, of which Oreobliton is a subshrub of rocky ground at montane altitude, and Aphanisma an annual from coastal habitats. Hablitzia, a perennial vine of deciduous forests in the Caucasus area, is sister to Patellifolia/Oreobliton/Aphanisma in the ndhF and ITS data sets. The habitat requirements of Hablitzia may be similar to those of the ancestor of the subfamily. Comparing the age of the Oreobliton/Aphanisma disjunction with ages estimated for East Asian-eastern North American disjunctions, we conclude that in many cases these two types of disjunction represent different ecological trajectories of essentially the same historical phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study which proposed to reject the name Chenopodium caudatum (Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae). It highlights the Chenopodium caudatum's general resemblance to flowering plant Amaranthus viridis L., a specie of botanical family Amaranthaceae. It further discusses the Chenopodium caudatum's morphology and identification.

The typification of the name Anabasis foliosa L. (= Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvelev) (Chenopodiaceae) is discussed. A specimen from LINN is designated as the lectotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The typification of the name Anabasis foliosa L. (≡ Neocaspia foliosa (L.) Tzvelev) (Chenopodiaceae) is revisited. The specimen on the left of sheet no. 316.3 in the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) is designated as the lectotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]