Search

The development of simple methods for the isolation and quantification of exosomes in biological samples is important. By using the typical two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO), the present work first studied the interaction of liposomes with the nanocomposites formed by adsorbing HRP on the GO surface and found the presence of liposomes led to the release of HRP from the GO surface to the solution phase triggering the luminol-H 2 O 2 chemiluminescence (CL) reaction to emit light. Benefiting from the similarity of exosomes to liposomes in both composition and morphology aspects, the GO-HRP nanocomposites with a mass ratio of 120:1 and 160:1 were employed for the quantitative detection of exosomes in 100-fold diluted serum samples. The whole detection process took about 15 min and as low as 3.2 × 102 particles μL−1 of exosomes could be sensitively detected. In addition to GO-HRP nanocomposites, the CL responses of other nanocomposites obtained from adsorbing HRP on other 2D nanomaterials such as layered MoS 2 for exosomes were also tested. MoS 2 -HRP exhibited similar behavior and the LODs for the detection of exosomes were 5.8 × 102 particles μL−1. The proposed assays were a biomarker-independent quantitative method that achieved the quantification of exosomes in serum samples directly without an isolation process. [Display omitted] • A chemiluminescence method achieved rapid detection of exosomes based on 2D nanomaterial-enzyme composites. • The detection limit was as low as 3.2 × 102 particles μL−1 based on GO-HRP composites. • The detection limit was 5.8 × 102 particles μL−1 based on MoS 2 -HRP composites. • The assays achieved direct detection of exosomes in serum samples without isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]