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Burmannia comprises ca. 63 species and is one of the largest genera of the Burmanniaceae. Three species were recorded in the 2nd edition of Flora of Taiwan. In the course of our botanical inventory, Burmannia cryptopetala Makino was found in the northern and northeastern Taiwan, representing a new record species on this island. Burmannia cryptopetala is easily distinguished from other congeners by having perianth-tube 3-winged, and inner perianth-lobes lacking or inconspicuous. In this report we provide description, line drawing, and colored photographs taken from the natural habitat to aid in identification.

Burmannia championii Thwaites is a small saprophytic herb distributed in Sri Lanka, Malesia, South China, Ryukyus, and Japan. It is found in Lanyu Island, southeast of Taiwan. The species bibliography and a detailed morphological description are given which were not included in the Flora of Taiwan 2nd edition.

Burmannia nana Fukuy. & T. Suzuki was described in 1936 on the basis of one individual collection in Lanyu Island of the southeastern coast of Taiwan. The species was transferred to Gymnosiphon in 1940 as G. nanus (Fukuy. & T. Suzuki) Tuyama, but this name was not adopted in the first edition of Flora of Taiwan. Careful examination of the flowers of this species makes it clear that the species is referable to Gymnosiphon aphyllus Blume which was described from western Java. The species is newly recorded in Taiwan. The type of B. nana Fukuy. & T. Suzuki doesn’t exist in Taiwan and Japan, hence the neotype is designated, i. e., T. H. Hsieh 2014 in TAI.