40 results on '"Wiegmann, A."'
Search Results
2. A genome‐wide phylogeny and the diversification of genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from anchored phylogenomics
- Author
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Jing‐Li Xuan, Sonja J. Scheffer, Owen Lonsdale, Brian K. Cassel, Matthew L. Lewis, Charles S. Eiseman, Wan‐Xue Liu, and Brian M. Wiegmann
- Subjects
Insect Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2022
3. Anchored phylogenomics and revised classification of the Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).
- Author
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Johnston, Nikolas P., Pape, Thomas, Piwczyński, Marcin, Wallman, James F., Wiegmann, Brian M., Cassel, Brian K., Akbarzadeh, Kamran, and Szpila, Krzysztof
- Subjects
SARCOPHAGIDAE ,DIPTERA ,BAYESIAN field theory ,CLASSIFICATION ,PALEARCTIC - Abstract
The Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) includes ~600 species across >40 genera, which constitute ~20% of global Sarcophagidae. While molecular phylogenetic hypotheses have been produced for this group, critical problems persist, including the presence of paraphyletic genera, uncertain relationships between genera, a bias of sampling towards Palaearctic taxa, and low support for many branches. The present study remedies these issues through the application of Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) to a sample including ~60% of the currently recognised genera (16% of known species) representing all biogeographic regions except the Neotropical. An alignment of 1,281 concatenated loci was analysed with maximum likelihood (RAxML, IQ‐TREE), Bayesian inference (ExaBayes) and coalescent‐based approaches (ASTRAL, SVDquartets), which resulted in highly supported and concordant topologies, providing unprecedented insight into the relationships of this subfamily of flesh flies, allowing a major update to miltogrammine classification. The AHE phylogenetic hypothesis supports the monophyly of a large proportion of genera. The monophyly of Metopia Meigen is restored by synonymy with Aenigmetopia Malloch, syn.n. To achieve monophyly of Miltogramma Meigen, eight species are transferred from Pterella Robineau‐Desvoidy. The genus Pterella is shown to be paraphyletic in its current circumscription, and to restore generic monophyly Pterella is restricted to contain only Pt. grisea (Meigen). Erioprocta Enderlein, stat.rev., is resurrected. The genus Senotainia Macquart is reconstructed as paraphyletic. The monotypic genus Metopodia Brauer & Bergenstamm is synonymised with Taxigramma Macquart, syn.n. In light of our phylogenetic hypotheses, a new Miltogramminae tribal classification is proposed, composed of six tribes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A genome‐wide phylogeny and the diversification of genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from anchored phylogenomics
- Author
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Xuan, Jing‐Li, primary, Scheffer, Sonja J., additional, Lonsdale, Owen, additional, Cassel, Brian K., additional, Lewis, Matthew L., additional, Eiseman, Charles S., additional, Liu, Wan‐Xue, additional, and Wiegmann, Brian M., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Towards a new classification of Muscidae (Diptera): a comparison of hypotheses based on multiple molecular phylogenetic approaches
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, Marcin Piwczyński, Cezary Bystrowski, Kinga Walczak, Andrzej Grzywacz, Brian K. Cassel, Leanne Nelson, Thomas Pape, and Paulina Trzeciak
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Sanger sequencing ,Subfamily ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Mesembrina ,Muscinae ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,DNA sequencing ,03 medical and health sciences ,symbols.namesake ,030104 developmental biology ,Polietes ,Evolutionary biology ,Insect Science ,Muscidae ,symbols ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Muscidae are a megadiverse dipteran family that exhibits extraordinary diversity in morphology and life history as both immatures and adults. The classification of Muscidae has been long debated, and most higher-level relationships remain unknown. In this study, we used multilocus Sanger sequencing (mS-seq), anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) and restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) approaches to examine relationships within Muscidae. The results from AHE and RAD-seq largely correspond to those obtained from mS-seq in terms of overall topology, yet phylogenomic approaches received much higher nodal support. The results from all molecular approaches contradict the traditional classification based predominantly on adult morphology, but provide an opportunity to re-interpret the morphology of immature stages. Rearrangements in Muscidae classification are proposed as follows: (i) Mesembrina Meigen and Polietes Rondani are transferred from Muscinae to Azeliinae; (ii) Reinwardtiinae stat. rev. is resurrected as a subfamily distinct from Azeliinae; (iii) Eginia Robineau-Desvoidy, Neohelina Malloch, Syngamoptera Schnabl and Xenotachina Malloch are transferred to Reinwardtiinae stat. rev.
- Published
- 2021
6. A genome-wide phylogeny and the diversification of genus Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) inferred from anchored phylogenomics.
- Author
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Jing-Li Xuan, Scheffer, Sonja J., Lonsdale, Owen, Cassel, Brian K., Lewis, Matthew L., Eiseman, Charles S., Wan-Xue Liu, and Wiegmann, Brian M.
- Subjects
AGROMYZIDAE ,DIPTERA ,NUMBERS of species ,PHYLOGENY ,MOLECULAR phylogeny ,HOST plants - Abstract
The genus Liriomyza Mik (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a diverse and globally distributed group of acalyptrate flies. Phylogenetic relationships among Liriomyza species have remained incompletely investigated and have never been fully addressed using molecular data. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Liriomyza using various phylogenetic methods (maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and gene tree coalescence) on target-capture-based phylogenomic datasets (nucleotides and amino acids) obtained from anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE). We have recovered tree topologies that are nearly congruent across all data types and methods, and individual clade support is strong across all phylogenetic analyses. Moreover, defined morphological species groups and clades are well-supported in our best estimates of the molecular phylogeny. Liriomyza violivora (Spencer) is a sister group to all remaining sampled Liriomyza species, and the well-known polyphagous vegetable pests [L. huidobrensis (Blanchard), L. langei Frick, L. bryoniae. (Kaltenbach), L. trifolii (Burgess), L. sativae Blanchard, and L. brassicae (Riley)]. belong to multiple clades that are not particularly closely related on the trees. Often, closely related Liriomyza species feed on distantly related host plants. We reject the hypothesis that cophylogenetic processes between Liriomyza species and their host plants drive diversification in this genus. Instead, Liriomyza exhibits a widespread pattern of major host shifts across plant taxa. Our new phylogenetic estimate for Liriomyza species provides considerable new information on the evolution of host-use patterns in this genus. In addition, it provides a framework for further study of the morphology, ecology, and diversification of these important flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
- Author
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Brian K. Cassel, Brian M. Wiegmann, Eliana Buenaventura, Krzysztof Szpila, and Thomas Pape
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World Wide Web ,Thesaurus (information retrieval) ,Insect Science ,Flesh ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Sarcophagidae is one of the most species-rich families within the superfamily Oestroidea. This diversity is usually represented by three lineages: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae. Historically, the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages have been elusive, due to poorly supported hypotheses or small taxon sets, or both. This study provides a dramatic increase in molecular data, more balanced sampling of all three lineages from all biogeographical regions and a reassessment of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy in the most comprehensive assessment of subfamily-level phylogeny in Sarcophagidae to date. This analysis of the largest molecular dataset ever produced for a phylogenetic analysis of a fly lineage, with 950 loci from anchored hybrid enrichment comprising 435 930 bp from 101 species, revealed Paramacronychiinae as sister to Miltogramminae, not to Sarcophaginae, as suggested by adult morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a well-supported topology, with 91% of the nodes receiving strong bootstrap proportions (> 97%). In contrast to the molecular data, three out of nine morphological characters studied point to a sister-group relationship of (Sarcophaginae + Paramacronychiinae) and the remaining six characters are either silent on subfamily relationships or in need of further study. Re-examination of morphological structures provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within Sarcophagidae and highlights their convergence producing conflicting phylogenetic signal. Our phylogeny reconciles older and widely used systems of classification with tree-based thinking and sets up a classification of flesh flies that is more aligned with their evolutionary history.
- Published
- 2019
8. Towards a new classification of Muscidae (Diptera): a comparison of hypotheses based on multiple molecular phylogenetic approaches
- Author
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Grzywacz, Andrzej, primary, Trzeciak, Paulina, additional, Wiegmann, Brian M., additional, Cassel, Brian K., additional, Pape, Thomas, additional, Walczak, Kinga, additional, Bystrowski, Cezary, additional, Nelson, Leanne, additional, and Piwczyński, Marcin, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Taxon sampling to address an ancient rapid radiation: a supermatrix phylogeny of early brachyceran flies (Diptera)
- Author
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David K. Yeates, Brian M. Wiegmann, Bryan D. Lessard, Seunggwan Shin, Michelle D. Trautwein, Keith M. Bayless, Shaun L. Winterton, and Torsten Dikow
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Taxon sampling ,Phylogenetics ,Insect Science ,Zoology ,Supermatrix ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2017
10. Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
- Author
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Buenaventura, Eliana, primary, Szpila, Krzysztof, additional, Cassel, Brian K., additional, Wiegmann, Brian M., additional, and Pape, Thomas, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The phylogeny of stiletto flies ( <scp>D</scp> iptera: <scp>T</scp> herevidae)
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, Mark A. Metz, Longlong Yang, Stephen D. Gaimari, Donald W. Webb, Nate B. Hardy, Christine L. Lambkin, Shaun L. Winterton, Michael E. Irwin, David K. Yeates, Hilary N. Hill, Martin Hauser, Kevin C. Holston, and Federica Turco
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,010607 zoology ,Zoology ,Scenopinidae ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Monophyly ,Asiloidea ,Genus ,Phylogenetics ,Insect Science ,Therevidae ,Apsilocephalidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The therevoid clade represents a group of four families (Apsilocephalidae, Evocoidae, Scenopinidae and Therevidae) of lower brachyceran Diptera in the superfamily Asiloidea. The largest of these families is that of the stiletto flies (Therevidae). A large-scale (i.e. supermatrix) phylogeny of Therevidae is presented based on DNA sequence data from seven genetic loci (16S, 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and four protein-encoding genes: elongation factor 1-alpha, triose phosphate isomerase, short-wavelength rhodopsin and the CPSase region of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase). Results are presented from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of approximately 8.7 kb of sequence data for 204 taxa representing all subfamilies and genus groups of Therevidae. Our results strongly support the sister-group relationship between Therevidae and Scenopinidae, with Apsilocephalidae as sister to Evocoidae. Previous estimates of stiletto fly phylogeny based on morphology or DNA sequence data, or supertree analysis, have failed to find significant support for relationships among subfamilies. We report for the first time strong support for the placement of the subfamily Phycinae as sister to the remaining Therevidae, originating during the Mid Cretaceous. As in previous studies, the sister-group relationship between the species-rich subfamilies Agapophytinae and Therevinae is strongly supported. Agapophytinae are recovered as monophyletic, inclusive of the Taenogera group. Therevinae comprise the bulk of the species richness in the family and appear to be a relatively recent and rapid radiation originating in the southern hemisphere (Australia + Antarctica + South America) during the Late Cretaceous. Genus groups are defined for all subfamilies based on these results.
- Published
- 2015
12. Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, David K. Yeates, Keith M. Bayless, and Shelah I. Morita
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Systematics ,Tabanus ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Monophyly ,030104 developmental biology ,Tabanomorpha ,Insect Science ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Horse-fly ,Athericidae ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Horse flies, family Tabanidae, are the most diverse family-level clade of bloodsucking insects, but their phylogeny has never been thoroughly explored using molecular data. Most adult female Tabanidae feed on nectar and on the blood of various mammals. Traditional horse fly classification tends towards large heterogeneous taxa, which impede much-needed taxonomic work. To guide renewed efforts in the systematics of horse flies and their relatives, we assembled a dataset of 110 exemplar species using nucleotide data from four genes—mitochondrial CO1, and nuclear 28S, CAD and AATS. All commonly recognized tribes in Tabanidae are represented, along with outgroups in Tabanomorpha. The phylogeny is reconstructed using Bayesian inference, and divergence times are estimated using Bayesian relaxed clock methods with time constraints from tabanid fossils. Our results show Athericidae strongly supported as the lineage most closely related to Tabanidae, and Pangoniinae and Tabaninae as monophyletic lineages. However, Chrysopsinae is nonmonophyletic, with strong support for both a nonmonophyletic Bouvieromyiini and for Rhinomyzini as sister to Tabaninae. Only the tribes Philolichini, Chrysopsini, Rhinomyzini and Haematopotini are recovered as monophyletic, although Scionini is monophyletic with exclusion of the peculiar genus Goniops Aldrich. Mycteromyia Philippi and Adersia Austen, two enigmatic genera sometimes placed in separate family-level groups, are recovered inside Pangoniini and Chrysopsini, respectively. Several species-rich genera are not recovered as monophyletic, including Esenbeckia Rondani, Silvius Meigen, Dasybasis Macquart and Tabanus L. Tabanidae likely originated in the Cretaceous, and all major extant groups were present by the early Palaeogene. This newly revised phylogenetic framework for Tabanidae forms the basis for a new assessment of tabanid diversification and provides context for understanding the evolution of trophic specialization in horse flies.
- Published
- 2015
13. Anchored hybrid enrichment challenges the traditional classification of flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae).
- Author
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Buenaventura, Eliana, Szpila, Krzysztof, Cassel, Brian K., Wiegmann, Brian M., and Pape, Thomas
- Subjects
SARCOPHAGIDAE ,DIPTERA ,SCANNING electron microscopy ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Sarcophagidae is one of the most species‐rich families within the superfamily Oestroidea. This diversity is usually represented by three lineages: Miltogramminae, Paramacronychiinae and Sarcophaginae. Historically, the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages have been elusive, due to poorly supported hypotheses or small taxon sets, or both. This study provides a dramatic increase in molecular data, more balanced sampling of all three lineages from all biogeographical regions and a reassessment of morphological characters using scanning electron microscopy in the most comprehensive assessment of subfamily‐level phylogeny in Sarcophagidae to date. This analysis of the largest molecular dataset ever produced for a phylogenetic analysis of a fly lineage, with 950 loci from anchored hybrid enrichment comprising 435 930 bp from 101 species, revealed Paramacronychiinae as sister to Miltogramminae, not to Sarcophaginae, as suggested by adult morphology. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a well‐supported topology, with 91% of the nodes receiving strong bootstrap proportions (> 97%). In contrast to the molecular data, three out of nine morphological characters studied point to a sister‐group relationship of (Sarcophaginae + Paramacronychiinae) and the remaining six characters are either silent on subfamily relationships or in need of further study. Re‐examination of morphological structures provides new insights into the evolution of male genitalic traits within Sarcophagidae and highlights their convergence producing conflicting phylogenetic signal. Our phylogeny reconciles older and widely used systems of classification with tree‐based thinking and sets up a classification of flesh flies that is more aligned with their evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Taxon sampling to address an ancient rapid radiation: a supermatrix phylogeny of early brachyceran flies (Diptera)
- Author
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SHIN, SEUNGGWAN, primary, BAYLESS, KEITH M., additional, WINTERTON, SHAUN L., additional, DIKOW, TORSTEN, additional, LESSARD, BRYAN D., additional, YEATES, DAVID K., additional, WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional, and TRAUTWEIN, MICHELLE D., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence
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Jeffrey H. Skevington, David K. Yeates, Rudolf Meier, Vladimir Blagoderov, Bradley J. Sinclair, Gregory W. Courtney, Thomas Pape, Brian M. Wiegmann, and Christine L. Lambkin
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biology ,Brachycera ,Phylogenetic tree ,fungi ,Zoology ,Cyclorrhapha ,biology.organism_classification ,Monophyly ,Bibionomorpha ,Insect Science ,Culicomorpha ,Calyptratae ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10-12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinal- level study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders. We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages.
- Published
- 2012
16. Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine's fly
- Author
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Rudolf Meier, Thomas Pape, Brian M. Wiegmann, and Sujatha Narayanan Kutty
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Paraphyly ,Genetics ,Monophyly ,Sister group ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Insect Science ,Oestroidea ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Hippoboscoidea ,biology.organism_classification ,Calyptratae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The dipteran clade Calyptratae is comprised of approximately 18 000 described species (12% of the known dipteran diversity) and includes well-known taxa such as houseflies, tsetse flies, blowflies and botflies, which have a close association with humans. However, the phylogenetic relationships within this insect radiation are very poorly understood and controversial. Here we propose a higher-level phylogenetic hypothesis for the Calyptratae based on an extensive DNA sequence dataset for 11 noncalyptrate outgroups and 247 calyptrate species representing all commonly accepted families in the Oestroidea and Hippoboscoidea, as well as those of the muscoid grade. DNA sequences for genes in the mitochondrial (12S, 16S, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b) and nuclear genome [18S, 28S, the carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (rudimentary), Elongation factor one alpha] were used to reconstruct the relationships. We discuss problems relating to the alignment and analysis of large datasets and emphasize the advantages of utilizing a guide tree-based approach for the alignment of the DNA sequences and using the leaf stability index to identify ‘wildcard’ taxa whose excessive instability obscures the phylogenetic signal. Our analyses support the monophyly of the Calyptratae and demonstrate that the superfamily Oestroidea is nested within the muscoid grade. We confirm that the monotypic family Mystacinobiidae is an oestroid and further revise the composition of the Oestroidea by demonstrating that the previously unplaced and still undescribed ‘McAlpine’s fly’ is nested within this superfamily as a probable sister group to Mystacinobiidae. Within the Oestroidea we confirm with molecular data that the Calliphoridae are a paraphyletic grade of lineages. The families Sarcophagidae and Rhiniidae are monophyletic, but support for the monophyly of Tachinidae and Rhinophoridae depends on analytical technique (e.g. parsimony or maximum likelihood). The superfamilies Hippoboscoidea and Oestroidea are consistently found to be monophyletic, and the paraphyly of the muscoid grade is confirmed. In the overall relationships for the calyptrates, the Hippoboscoidea are sister group to the remaining Calyptratae, and the Fanniidae are sister group to the nonhippoboscoid calyptrates, whose relationships can be summarized as (Muscidae (Oestroidea (Scathophagidae, Anthomyiidae))).
- Published
- 2010
17. Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera)
- Author
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Matthew J. Petersen, Gregory W. Courtney, Matthew A. Bertone, and Brian M. Wiegmann
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Cylindrotomidae ,Sister group ,biology ,Pediciidae ,Phylogenetic tree ,Insect Science ,Polyphyly ,Tipuloidea ,Crane fly ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogenetic nomenclature - Abstract
Tipuloidea, the crane flies, are a diverse lineage of true flies (Insecta: Diptera) whose phylogenetic classification and taxonomy remain a challenge. Here we present the results of a quantitative phylogenetic analysis of Tipuloidea based on combined morphological characters (adult, larvae and pupae) and nuclear gene sequence data (28S rDNA and CAD). Forty-five species, from 44 genera and subgenera, were sampled, representing the four putative families of Tipuloidea (Cylindrotomidae, Limoniidae, Pediciidae and Tipulidae sensu stricto). Analyses of individual datasets, although differing in overall topology, support the monophyly of several major lineages within Tipuloidea. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses using individual morphological and molecular datasets resulted in incongruent topologies. Increased resolution and tree support was obtained when both datasets (morphology and genes) were combined, in both combined evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses, than when analysed separately. The recovered consensus phylogeny was not consistent with any previously proposed Tipuloidea classification, with previous importance assigned to character states shown here to represent losses and reversals seen as a major factor influencing erroneous classification. The results provided here, together with evidence from previous analyses, were used to append the Tipuloidea classification to supported evolutionary lineages. Tipuloidea is presented as two families: Pediciidae and Tipulidae. Pediciidae is recovered as the sister group to all remaining Tipuloidea. Our current phylogenetic hypothesis is not consistent with the existing subfamilial classification of the ‘Limoniidae’, which is paraphyletic with respect to a well-supported Tipulinae + Cylindrotominae clade, whereas the three ‘limoniid’ subfamilies are para- or polyphyletic. The recognition of ‘Limoniidae’ as a valid monophyletic family is discouraged and the subfamilies of ‘Limoniidae’ are amended and placed within Tipulidae. A revised phylogenetic classification is proposed for the crane flies based on a synthesis of evidence from multiple genes and morphology.
- Published
- 2010
18. On wings of lace: phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimates of Neuropterida (Insecta) based on morphological and molecular data
- Author
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Shaun L. Winterton, Brian M. Wiegmann, and Nate B. Hardy
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Paraphyly ,Megaloptera ,Monophyly ,biology ,Neuropterida ,Ithonidae ,Neuroptera ,Insect Science ,Nevrorthidae ,Zoology ,Myrmeleontiformia ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Neuropterida comprise the holometabolan orders Neuroptera (lacewings, antlions and relatives), Megaloptera (alderflies, dobsonflies) and Raphidioptera (snakeflies) as a monophyletic group sister to Coleoptera (beetles). The higher-level phylogenetic relationships among these groups, as well as the family-level hierarchy of Neuroptera, have to date proved difficult to reconstruct. We used morphological data and multi-locus DNA sequence data to infer Neuropterida relationships. Nucleotide sequences were obtained for fragments of two nuclear genes (CAD, 18S rDNA) and two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S rDNA) for 69 exemplars representing all recently recognized families of Neuropterida as well as outgroup exemplars from Coleoptera. The joint posterior probability of phylogeny and divergence times was estimated using a Bayesian relaxed-clock inference method to establish a temporal sequence of cladogenesis for the group over geological time. Megaloptera were found to be paraphyletic with respect to the rest of Neuropterida, calling into question the validity of the ordinal status for Megaloptera as presently defined. Ordinal relationships were weakly supported, and monophyly of Megaloptera was not recovered in any total-evidence analysis; Corydalidae were frequently recovered as sister to Raphidioptera. Only in relaxed-clock inferences were Raphidioptera and a paraphyletic Megaloptera recovered with strong support as a monophyletic group sister to Neuroptera. A monophyletic Neuroptera diverged from a common Raphidioptera + ‘Megaloptera’ ancestor during the Late Carboniferous. Contrary to some previous hypotheses, Coniopterygidae, not Nevrorthidae, were recovered as sister to the rest of Neuroptera, with Nevrorthidae recovered with Osmylidae and Sisyridae. The monophyly of the universally recognized Myrmeleontiformia was confirmed, with an origin in the mid-Triassic, but a monophyletic Hemerobiiformia was not recovered in any analysis. Dilaridae were not closely related to the clade comprising Mantispidae and Berothidae, and diverged earlier than proposed previously. The phylogenetic status and taxonomic composition of Polystoechotidae and Ithonidae are in need of re-evaluation, as Oliarces Carpenter (presently Ithonidae) was placed well within the present circumscription of Polystoechotidae
- Published
- 2010
19. Phylogenetics and temporal diversification of the earliest true flies (Insecta: Diptera) based on multiple nuclear genes
- Author
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Matthew A. Bertone, Gregory W. Courtney, and Brian M. Wiegmann
- Subjects
biology ,Brachycera ,Ptychopteridae ,Tipulomorpha ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Trichoceridae ,Nymphomyiidae ,Bibionomorpha ,Insect Science ,parasitic diseases ,Culicomorpha ,Tanyderidae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Relationships among families of the lower Diptera (formerly suborder 'Nematocera') have been exceptionally difficult to resolve. Multiple hypotheses based on morphology have been proposed to identify the earliest lineages of flies and place the phylogenetic origin of the higher flies (Brachycera), but convincing support is limited. Here we resolve relationships among the major groups of lower Diptera using sequence data from four nuclear markers, including both ribosomal (28S rDNA) and protein-coding (CAD, TPI and PGD) genes. Our results support both novel and traditional arrangements. Most unexpectedly, the small, highly-specialized family Deuterophlebiidae appears to be sister to all remaining Diptera. Other results include the resolution of the traditional infra-orders Culicomorpha (including a novel superfamily Simulioidea ¼ Thaumaleidae þ Simuliidae), Tipulomorpha (Tipulidae sensu lato þ Trichoceridae) and Bibionomorpha sensu lato. We find support for a limited Psychodomorpha (Blephariceridae, Tanyderidae and Psycho- didae) and Ptychopteromorpha (Ptychopteridae), whereas the placement of several enigmatic families (Nymphomyiidae, Axymyiidae and Perissommatidae) remains ambiguous. According to genetic data, the infra-order Bibionomorpha is sister to the Brachycera. Much of the phylogenetic signal for major lineages was found in the 28S rDNA gene, whereas protein-coding genes performed variably at different levels. In addition to elucidating relationships, we also estimate the age of major lower dipteran clades, based on molecular divergence time estimates using relaxed-clock Bayesian methods and fossil calibration points.
- Published
- 2008
20. Treehopper trees: phylogeny of Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea) based on molecules and morphology
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, Lewis L. Deitz, Michael F. Whiting, Christopher H. Dietrich, and Jason R. Cryan
- Subjects
Paraphyly ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Monophyly ,Sister group ,Phylogenetics ,Evolutionary biology ,Membracoidea ,Insect Science ,Polyphyly ,Botany ,Clade ,Treehopper ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Recent independent phylogenetic analyses of membracid relationships based on molecular and morphological data have identified monophyletic lineages within the family. However, the results of these studies have not fully resolved treehopper phylogeny, and relationships among some higher membracid lineages remain in doubt. Portions of three datasets (958 aligned nucleotides from elongation factor-1α, 2363 aligned nucleotides from 28S ribosomal DNA, and eighty-three morphological features of adults and nymphs) introduced in recent studies were reanalysed separately and in combination with two new molecular datasets (321 aligned nucleotides from wingless and 1829 aligned nucleotides from 18S ribosomal DNA). The results of the combined data analyses, contrary to previous analyses of morphological data alone, grouped membracids into two well-supported lineages, one comprising Stegaspidinae and Centrotinae, the other comprising Membracinae, Darninae and Smiliinae. The analyses recovered Centrotinae, Membracinae and Darninae as monophyletic groups, but Stegaspidinae was paraphyletic with respect to Centrotinae, and Smiliinae was polyphyletic with Micrutalini placed as a sister group to the clade comprising Membracinae, Darninae and Smiliinae. These results are consistent with the following hypotheses, proposed previously based on an analysis of morphological data: (1) the posterior pronotal process was derived and lost multiple times during the evolution of Membracidae; (2) Membracidae originated in the New World and reached the Old World subsequently via dispersal; (3) maternal care evolved independently multiple times and may or may not have been preceded by the acquisition of ant mutualism.
- Published
- 2004
21. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Thricops Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) based on molecular and morphological characters
- Author
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Terry A. Wheeler, Brian M. Wiegmann, and Jade Savage
- Subjects
Polytomy ,Monophyly ,Taxon ,Phylogenetic tree ,Genus ,Insect Science ,Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I ,Zoology ,Biology ,Subspecies ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Maximum parsimony - Abstract
The muscid genus Thricops Rondani comprises forty-four species and two subspecies restricted to the northern hemisphere. A species-level phylogenetic analysis of Thricops was conducted using forty-four morphological characters, 426 bp of the nuclear gene white and 523 bp spanning the 5′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), the tRNA leucine gene (L2 region) and the 3′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII). Thirty-nine species and two subspecies of Thricops were included in the analysis. Two species of Azelia Robineau-Desvoidy and one species of Hydrotaea Robineau-Desvoidy were used as outgroups. Morphological characters were coded for all included species, the mitochondrial gene fragment (COI + II) was sequenced for a subset of seventeen species of Thricops and three outgroup species, and white for twelve of those seventeen Thricops species and two outgroup species. Six separate maximum parsimony analyses were performed on three taxon sets of different sizes (n = 14, n = 20, n = 44). Results from the partition homogeneity test indicated no significant incongruence between data partitions, and four combined maximum parsimony analyses were conducted (DNA + morphology for n = 14; COI + II + morphology for n = 20; DNA + morphology for n = 20; DNA + morphology for n = 44). The relative contribution of each data partition to individual nodes was assessed using partitioned Bremer support. Strict consensus trees resulting from the unweighted analyses of each dataset are presented. Combination of datasets increased resolution for the small taxon set (n = 14), but not for the larger ones (n = 20, n = 44), most probably due to increasing amounts of missing data in the larger taxon sets. Results from both individual and combined analyses of the smaller taxon sets (n = 14, n = 20) provided support for the monophyly of Thricops and a complete division of the genus into two monophyletic subgroups. The strict consensus cladograms resulting from the analysis of the morphological data alone and the combined data for the large taxa set (n = 44) both supported the monophyly of the genus, but placed the species Thricops foveolatus (Zetterstedt) and Thricops bukowskii (Ringdahl) at the base of the ingroup, in a polytomy with a relatively well-resolved branch comprising all remaining species of the genus. The basal position of these two species, included in the morphological taxon set but absent in the others, illustrates the potential pitfalls of taxon sampling and missing data in phylogenetic analyses. The synonymy of Alloeostylus with Thricops as proposed by previous authors was supported by our results. Relative contributions of different data partitions is discussed, with the mitochondrial sequence generally providing finer resolution and better branch support than white.
- Published
- 2004
22. Ocoidae, a new family of asiloid flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea), based on Ocoa chilensis gen. and sp.n. from Chile, South America
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, Michael E. Irwin, and David K. Yeates
- Subjects
Synapomorphy ,Asiloidea ,biology ,Spermatheca ,Brachycera ,Insect Science ,Scenopinidae ,Seta ,Therevidae ,Anatomy ,Apsilocephalidae ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The monotypic new family Ocoidae is described to accommodate Ocoa gen.n., small, elongate, delicate, asiloid flies known from west-central Chile, South America. Both sexes of adult O. chilensis sp.n. are described and illustrated; immature stages are unknown. Diagnostic morphological features of adults include the antennal postpedicel comprising a single, undivided structure consisting of a bulbous base and a long, threadlike terminal element; vein M3 lacking, anal vein complete; acropod heterodactylus; spurs lacking on all tibiae; and anterior surface of hind coxa with strong, knoblike, bulbous projection; and abdominal tergite 2 lacking sensory patches of hairs. The epandrium of the male terminalia is divided along the midline into two sicklelike sections; gonostyli articulate in a horizontal plane. The female terminalia has well-developed acanthophorite spines; posterior margin of hypoproct with several ventrally projecting, elongate, needlelike setae; two large, poorly sclerotized spermathecae; and a spermathecal sac that is smaller than each spermatheca. The relationships of this enigmatic family are discussed in relation to recent findings on the phylogeny and classification of the Asiloidea. Ocoidae are similar to Therevidae and close relatives Scenopinidae and Apsilocephalidae, comprising the therevoid group of families; however, they lack defining synapomorphies of those families. Morphological evidence supports a sister-group relationship between Ocoidae and Scenopinidae. Molecular evidence from 28S rDNA provides further support for the monophyly of the therevoid group of families, and suggests that Ocoidae belongs within this clade, in agreement with the morphological data. The nucleotide data place Ocoidae as sister to the Scenopinidae + Therevidae, but the morphology-based hypothesis of relationships (Ocoidae + Scenopinidae) is only two additional steps (0.2%) on the optimal trees from the molecular data.
- Published
- 2003
23. Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
- Author
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Longlong Yang, Brian M. Wiegmann, Shaun L. Winterton, and David K. Yeates
- Subjects
Systematics ,Asiloidea ,Cladogram ,Phylogenetic tree ,Insect Science ,Lineage (evolution) ,Morphological analysis ,Zoology ,Therevidae ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Cladistics - Abstract
Agapophytinae subf.n. is a highly diverse lineage of Australasian Therevidae, comprising eight described and two new genera: Agapophytus Guerin-Meneville, Acupalpa Krober, Acraspisa Krober, Belonalys Krober, Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg, Parapsilocephala Krober, Acatopygia Krober, Laxotela Winterton & Irwin, Pipinnipons gen.n. and Patanothrix gen.n. A genus-level cladistic analysis of the subfamily was undertaken using sixty-eight adult morphological characters and c. 1000 base pairs of the elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1 alpha) protein coding gene. The morphological data partition produced three most parsimonious cladograms, whereas the molecular data partition gave a single most parsimonious cladogram, which did not match any of the cladograms found in the morphological analysis. The level of congruence between the data partitions was determined using the partition homogeneity test (HTF) and Wilcoxon signed ranks rest. Despite being significantly incongruent in at least one of the incongruence tests, the partitions were combined in a simultaneous analysis. The combined data yielded a single cladogram that was better supported than that of the individual partitions analysed separately. The relative contributions of the data partitions to support for individual nodes on the combined cladogram were investigated using Partitioned Bremer Support. The level of support for many nodes on the combined cladogram was non-additive and often greater than the sum of support for the respective nodes on individual partitions. This synergistic interaction between incongruent data partitions indicates a common phylogenetic signal in both partitions. It also suggests that criteria for partition combination based solely on incongruence may be misleading. The phylogenetic relationships of the genera are discussed using the combined data. A key to genera of Agapophytinae is presented, with genera diagnosed and figured. Two new genera are described: Patanothrix with a new species (Pat. skevingtoni) and Pat. wilsoni (Mann) transferred from Parapsilocephala, and Pipinnipons with a new species (Pip. kroeberi). Pipinnipons fascipennis (Krober) is transferred from Squamopygin Krober and Pip. imitans (Mann) is transferred from Agapophytus. Agapophytus bicolor (Krober) is transferred from Parapsilocephala. Agapophytus varipennis Mann is synonymised with Aga, queenslandi Krober and Aga. flavicornis Mann is synonymised with Aga. pallidicornis (Krober).
- Published
- 2001
24. Taxon sampling to address an ancient rapid radiation: a supermatrix phylogeny of early brachyceran flies (Diptera).
- Author
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SHIN, S. E. U. N. G. G. W. A. N., BAYLESS, K. E. I. T. H. M., WINTERTON, S. H. A. U. N. L., DIKOW, T. O. R. S. T. E. N., LESSARD, B. R. Y. A. N. D., YEATES, D. A. V. I. D. K., WIEGMANN, B. R. I. A. N. M., and TRAUTWEIN, M. I. C. H. E. L. L. E. D.
- Subjects
INSECT phylogeny ,DIPTERA ,BIODIVERSITY ,ANGIOSPERMS ,MOLECULAR biology - Abstract
Early diverging brachyceran fly lineages underwent a rapid radiation approximately 180 Ma, coincident in part with the origin of flowering plants. This region of the fly tree includes 25 000 described extant species with diverse ecological roles such as blood‐feeding (haematophagy), parasitoidism, predation, pollination and wood‐feeding (xylophagy). Early diverging brachyceran lineages were once considered a monophyletic group of families called Orthorrhapha, based on the shared character of a longitudinal break in the pupal skin made during the emergence of the adult. Yet other morphological and molecular evidence generally supports a paraphyletic arrangement of ‘Orthorrhapha’, with strong support for one orthorrhaphan lineage – dance flies and relatives – as the closest relative to all higher flies (Cyclorrhapha), together called Eremoneura. In order to establish a comprehensive estimate of the relationships among orthorrhaphan lineages using a thorough sample of publicly available data, we compiled and analysed a dataset including 1217 taxa representing major lineages and 20 molecular markers. Our analyses suggest that ‘Orthorrhapha’ excluding Eremoneura is not monophyletic; instead, we recover two main lineages of early brachyceran flies: Homeodactyla and Heterodactyla. Homeodactyla includes Nemestrinoidea (uniting two parasitic families Acroceridae + Nemestrinidae) as the closest relatives to the large SXT clade, comprising Stratiomyomorpha, Xylophagidae and Tabanomorpha. Heterodactyla includes Bombyliidae with a monophyletic Asiloidea (exclusive of Bombyliidae) as the closest relatives to Eremoneura. Reducing missing data, modifying the distribution of genes across taxa, and, in particular, removing rogue taxa significantly improved tree resolution and statistical support. Although our analyses rely on dense taxonomic sampling and substantial gene coverage, our results pinpoint the limited resolving power of Sanger sequencing‐era molecular phylogenetic datasets with respect to ancient, hyperdiverse radiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The phylogeny of stiletto flies ( D iptera: T herevidae)
- Author
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WINTERTON, SHAUN L., primary, HARDY, NATE B., additional, GAIMARI, STEPHEN D., additional, HAUSER, MARTIN, additional, HILL, HILARY N., additional, HOLSTON, KEVIN C., additional, IRWIN, MICHAEL E., additional, LAMBKIN, CHRISTINE L., additional, METZ, MARK A., additional, TURCO, FEDERICA, additional, WEBB, DONALD, additional, YANG, LONGLONG, additional, YEATES, DAVID K., additional, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy
- Author
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MORITA, SHELAH I., primary, BAYLESS, KEITH M., additional, YEATES, DAVID K., additional, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy.
- Author
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MORITA, SHELAH I., BAYLESS, KEITH M., YEATES, DAVID K., and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M.
- Subjects
HORSEFLIES ,DIPTERA ,INSECT phylogeny ,INSECT genetics ,CLASSIFICATION of insects - Abstract
Horse flies, family Tabanidae, are the most diverse family-level clade of bloodsucking insects, but their phylogeny has never been thoroughly explored using molecular data. Most adult female Tabanidae feed on nectar and on the blood of various mammals. Traditional horse fly classification tends towards large heterogeneous taxa, which impede much-needed taxonomic work. To guide renewed efforts in the systematics of horse flies and their relatives, we assembled a dataset of 110 exemplar species using nucleotide data from four genes - mitochondrial CO1, and nuclear 28S, CAD and AATS. All commonly recognized tribes in Tabanidae are represented, along with outgroups in Tabanomorpha. The phylogeny is reconstructed using Bayesian inference, and divergence times are estimated using Bayesian relaxed clock methods with time constraints from tabanid fossils. Our results show Athericidae strongly supported as the lineage most closely related to Tabanidae, and Pangoniinae and Tabaninae as monophyletic lineages. However, Chrysopsinae is nonmonophyletic, with strong support for both a nonmonophyletic Bouvieromyiini and for Rhinomyzini as sister to Tabaninae. Only the tribes Philolichini, Chrysopsini, Rhinomyzini and Haematopotini are recovered as monophyletic, although Scionini is monophyletic with exclusion of the peculiar genus Goniops Aldrich. Mycteromyia Philippi and Adersia Austen, two enigmatic genera sometimes placed in separate family-level groups, are recovered inside Pangoniini and Chrysopsini, respectively. Several species-rich genera are not recovered as monophyletic, including Esenbeckia Rondani, Silvius Meigen, Dasybasis Macquart and Tabanus L. Tabanidae likely originated in the Cretaceous, and all major extant groups were present by the early Palaeogene. This newly revised phylogenetic framework for Tabanidae forms the basis for a new assessment of tabanid diversification and provides context for understanding the evolution of trophic specialization in horse flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The phylogeny of stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae).
- Author
-
WINTERTON, SHAUN L., HARDY, NATE B., GAIMARI, STEPHEN D., HAUSER, MARTIN, HILL, HILARY N., HOLSTON, KEVIN C., IRWIN, MICHAEL E., LAMBKIN, CHRISTINE L., METZ, MARK A., TURCO, FEDERICA, WEBB, DONALD, YANG, LONGLONG, YEATES, DAVID K., and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M.
- Subjects
FLIES ,THEREVIDAE ,DIPTERA ,INSECT phylogeny ,INSECT genetics - Abstract
The therevoid clade represents a group of four families (Apsilocephalidae, Evocoidae, Scenopinidae and Therevidae) of lower brachyceran Diptera in the superfamily Asiloidea. The largest of these families is that of the stiletto flies (Therevidae). A large-scale (i.e. supermatrix) phylogeny of Therevidae is presented based on DNA sequence data from seven genetic loci (16S, 18S and 28S ribosomal DNA and four protein-encoding genes: elongation factor 1-alpha, triose phosphate isomerase, short-wavelength rhodopsin and the CPSase region of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-aspartate transcarbamoylase-dihydroorotase). Results are presented from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of approximately 8.7 kb of sequence data for 204 taxa representing all subfamilies and genus groups of Therevidae. Our results strongly support the sister-group relationship between Therevidae and Scenopinidae, with Apsilocephalidae as sister to Evocoidae. Previous estimates of stiletto fly phylogeny based on morphology or DNA sequence data, or supertree analysis, have failed to find significant support for relationships among subfamilies. We report for the first time strong support for the placement of the subfamily Phycinae as sister to the remaining Therevidae, originating during the Mid Cretaceous. As in previous studies, the sister-group relationship between the species-rich subfamilies Agapophytinae and Therevinae is strongly supported. Agapophytinae are recovered as monophyletic, inclusive of the Taenogera group. Therevinae comprise the bulk of the species richness in the family and appear to be a relatively recent and rapid radiation originating in the southern hemisphere (Australia+Antarctica+South America) during the Late Cretaceous. Genus groups are defined for all subfamilies based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence
- Author
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LAMBKIN, CHRISTINE L., primary, SINCLAIR, BRADLEY J., additional, PAPE, THOMAS, additional, COURTNEY, GREG W., additional, SKEVINGTON, JEFFREY H., additional, MEIER, RUDOLF, additional, YEATES, DAVID K., additional, BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, additional, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Molecular phylogeny of the Calyptratae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) with an emphasis on the superfamily Oestroidea and the position of Mystacinobiidae and McAlpine's fly
- Author
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KUTTY, SUJATHA NARAYANAN, primary, PAPE, THOMAS, additional, WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional, and MEIER, RUDOLF, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera)
- Author
-
PETERSEN, MATTHEW J., primary, BERTONE, MATTHEW A., additional, WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional, and COURTNEY, GREGORY W., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. On wings of lace: phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimates of Neuropterida (Insecta) based on morphological and molecular data
- Author
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WINTERTON, SHAUN L., primary, HARDY, NATE B., additional, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Phylogenetics and temporal diversification of the earliest true flies (Insecta: Diptera) based on multiple nuclear genes
- Author
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BERTONE, MATTHEW A., primary, COURTNEY, GREGORY W., additional, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M., additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Evocoidae (Diptera: Asiloidea), a new family name for Ocoidae, based on Evocoa, a replacement name for the Chilean genus Ocoa Yeates, Irwin, and Wiegmann 2003
- Author
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Yeates, David K., primary, Irwin, Michael E., additional, and Wiegmann, Brian M., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Treehopper trees: phylogeny of Membracidae (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea) based on molecules and morphology
- Author
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Cryan, Jason R., primary, Wiegmann, Brian M., additional, Deitz, Lewis L., additional, Dietrich, Christopher H., additional, and Whiting, Michael F., additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Thricops Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) based on molecular and morphological characters
- Author
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Savage, Jade, primary, Wheeler, Terry A., additional, and Wiegmann, Brian M., additional
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Evocoidae (Diptera: Asiloidea), a new family name for Ocoidae, based on Evocoa, a replacement name for the Chilean genus Ocoa Yeates, Irwin, and Wiegmann 2003
- Author
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Brian M. Wiegmann, David K. Yeates, and Michael E. Irwin
- Subjects
Asiloidea ,biology ,Genus ,Insect Science ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2006
38. Ocoidae, a new family of asiloid flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea), based on Ocoa chilensis gen. and sp.n. from Chile, South America
- Author
-
Yeates, David K., primary, Irwin, Michael E., additional, and Wiegmann, Brian M., additional
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf.n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence
- Author
-
Winterton, Shaun L., primary, Yang, Longlong, additional, Wiegmann, Brian M., additional, and Yeates, David K., additional
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. The phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence.
- Author
-
LAMBKIN, CHRISTINE L., SINCLAIR, BRADLEY J., PAPE, THOMAS, COURTNEY, GREG W., SKEVINGTON, JEFFREY H., MEIER, RUDOLF, YEATES, DAVID K., BLAGODEROV, VLADIMIR, and WIEGMANN, BRIAN M.
- Subjects
DIPTERA ,PHYLOGENY ,INSECT morphology ,SPECIES ,HABITATS ,BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
Members of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10-12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinal-level study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders. We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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