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Three bifidobacterial Gram-stain-positive, non-spore forming and fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive strains, SMA1 T , SMB2 and SMA15 T were isolated from the faeces of two adult males of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the type strain of Bifidobacterium primatium DSM 100687 T (99.3%; similarity) was the closest neighbour to strains SMA1 T and SMB2, whereas the type strain of Bifidobacterium stellenboschense DSM 23968 T (96.5%) was the closest neighbour to strain SMA15 T . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of SMA1 T and SAM15 T with the closely related type strains were 93.7% and 88.1%, respectively. The in silico DNA‒DNA hybridization values with the closest neighbours were 53.1% and 36.9%, respectively. GC contents of strains SMA1 T and SMA15 T were 63.6 and 66.4 mol%, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic data obtained, the strains SMA1 T and SMA15 T clearly represent two novel taxa within the genus Bifidobacterium for which the names Bifidobacterium saimiriisciurei sp. nov. (type strain SMA1 T  = BCRC 81223 T  = NBRC 114049 T  = DSM 106020 T ) and Bifidobacterium platyrrhinorum sp. nov. (type strain SMA15 T  = BCRC 81224 T  = NBRC 114051 T  = DSM 106029 T ) are proposed., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Fifteen bifidobacterial strains were obtained from faeces of Rousettus aegyptiacus; after grouping them by RAPD PCR only eight were selected and characterized. Analysis of 16S rRNA and of five housekeeping (hsp60, rpoB, clpC, dnaJ, dna G) genes revealed that these eight strains were classified into five clusters: Cluster I (RST 8 and RST 16 T ), Cluster II (RST 9 T and RST 27), Cluster III (RST 7 and RST 11), Cluster IV (RST 19), Cluster V (RST 17) were closest to Bifidobacterium avesanii DSM 100685 T (96.3%), Bifidobacterium callitrichos DSM 23973 T (99.2% and 99.7%), Bifidobacterium tissieri DSM 100201 T (99.7 and 99.2%), Bifidobacterium reuteri DSM 23975 T (98.9%) and Bifidobacterium myosotis DSM 100196 T (99.3%), respectively. Strains in Cluster I and strain RST 9 in Cluster II could not be placed within any recognized species while the other ones were identified as known species. The average nucleotide identity values between two novel strains, RST 16 T and RST 9 T and their closest relatives were lower than 79% and 89%, respectively. In silico DNA-DNA hybridization values for those closest relatives were 32.5 and 42.1%, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic tests demonstrated that strains in Cluster I and RST 9 T in Cluster II represent two novel species for which the names Bifidobacterium vespertilionis sp. nov. (RST 16 T =BCRC 81138 T =NBRC 113380 T =DSM 106025 T ; RST 8=BCRC 81135=NBRC 113377) and Bifidobacterium rousetti sp. nov. (RST 9 T =BCRC 81136 T =NBRC 113378 T =DSM 106027 T ) are proposed., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Two Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, non-motile, catalase-negative and facultative anaerobic strains, NCYUAS T and BCRC 18859 (=NRIC 1947), were isolated from cow manure of Taiwan and coconut juice of Philippines, respectively. Comparative sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that the novel strains were members of the genus Lactobacillus. These two strains had 100% of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 98.6% of average nucleotide identity (ANI) value based on whole genome sequences. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the type strains of Lactobacillus casei (99.6% similarity), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (99.1%), L. paracasei subsp. tolerans (99.1%), Lactobacillus rhmnosus (99.0%) and 'Lactobacillus zeae' (99.7%) were the closest neighbors to these novel strains. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization, multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on the sequences of three housekeeping genes (dnaK, pheS and yycH), whole-genome sequence (WGS)-based comparison by ANI and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH), species-specific PCR and whole-cell MALDI-TOF MS spectral pattern analyses demonstrated that the novel two strains represented a single, novel species within the L. casei group, for which the name Lactobacillus chiayiensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NCYUAS T (=BCRC 81062 T =NBRC 112906 T )., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)