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On the basis of the analysis of thermoelastic motion, the current research develops a novel model of modified thermoelasticity. The rotating long hollow cylinders with fixed surfaces are considered in a generalized Moore–Gibson–Thompson thermoelastic model (MGTTE) framework, including the modified Ohm's law. The cylinders are made of a thermoelastic material that rotates at a uniform rotational speed and is elastic in the transverse direction. The set of equations for the MGT heat conduction in the new model is built under the influence of the electromagnetic field by including a delay time in the context of Green–Naghdi of the third kind (GN-III). The inner boundary of the hollow cylinder is not only restricted but also sensitive to heat loading. The outer surface, on the other hand, is also restricted but insulates the heat. The Laplace transform method is utilized to deal with the differential equations produced in the new domain and transfer the problem to the space domain. The Dubner and Abate method is used to compute dynamically and graphically depict the theoretical findings for an isotropic transverse material. After comparing the results of several thermoelastic theories, the implications for the electromagnetic field are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We established some new α -conformable dynamic inequalities of Hardy–Knopp type. Some new generalizations of dynamic inequalities of α -conformable Hardy type in two variables on time scales are established. Furthermore, we investigated Hardy's inequality for several functions of α -conformable calculus. Our results are proved by using two-dimensional dynamic Jensen's inequality and Fubini's theorem on time scales. When α = 1 , then we obtain some well-known time-scale inequalities due to Hardy. As special cases, we derived Hardy's inequality for T = R , T = Z and T = h Z . Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, we prove some new generalizations of dynamic inequalities of Hardy-type by utilizing diamond- α dynamic integrals on time scales. Furthermore, new generalizations of dynamic inequalities of Hardy-type in two variables on time scales are proved. Moreover, we present Hardy inequalities for several functions by using the diamond- α dynamic integrals on time scales. The results are proved by using the dynamic Jensen inequality and the Fubini theorem on time scales. Our main results extend existing results of the integral and discrete Hardy-type inequalities. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use two parameters for functions whose second (q, ω)-derivatives are bounded in order to prove several recent extensions of the Ostrowski inequality and its companion inequalities on (q, ω)-Hahn difference operator. Furthermore, we procure some q-integral and continuous inequalities as special cases of the main results as well these generalizations. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, some new generalizations of dynamic inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte-type on time scales are established. Some integral and discrete Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte-type inequalities that are given as special cases of main results are original. The main results are proved by using the dynamic Leibniz integral rule on time scales. To highlight our research advantages, several implementations of these findings are presented. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove some new dynamic inequalities of the Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte type on time scales. Our results can be used in analyses as useful tools for some types of partial dynamic equations on time scales and in their applications in environmental phenomena and physical and engineering sciences that are described by partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove new Hardy–Copson-type (γ , a) -nabla fractional dynamic inequalities on time scales. Our results are proven by using Keller's chain rule, the integration by parts formula, and the dynamic Hölder inequality on time scales. When γ = 1 , then we obtain some well-known time-scale inequalities due to Hardy. As special cases, we obtain new continuous and discrete inequalities. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new usage of Leibniz integral rule on time scales, we proved some new extensions of dynamic Gronwall–Pachpatte-type inequalities on time scales. Our results extend some existing results in the literature. Some integral and discrete inequalities are obtained as special cases of the main results. The inequalities proved here can be used in the analysis as handy tools to study the stability, boundedness, existence, uniqueness and oscillation behavior for some kinds of partial dynamic equations on time scales. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, with the help of Leibniz integral rule on time scales, we prove some new dynamic inequalities of Gronwall–Bellman–Pachpatte-type on time scales. These inequalities can be used as handy tools to study the qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions of the initial boundary value problem for partial delay dynamic equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, using a (γ ,a)-nabla conformable integral on time scales, we study several novel Hilbert-type dynamic inequalities via nabla time scales calculus. Our results generalize various inequalities on time scales, unifying and extending several discrete inequalities and their corresponding continuous analogues. We say that symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods with which to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the application of the reduced differential transform method (RDTM) for the computational solutions of two fractional-order cancer tumor models in the Caputo sense: the model based on cancer chemotherapeutic effects which explain the relation between chemotherapeutic drugs, tumor cells, normal cells, and immune cells using a fractional partial differential equations, and the model that describes the different cases of killing rate K of cancer cells (the killing percentage of cancer cells K (I) is dependent on the number of cells, (II) is a function of time only, and (III) is a function of space only). The solutions are presented using Mathematica software as a convergent power series with elegantly computed terms using the suggested technique. The proposed method gives new series form results for various values of gamma. To clarify the complexity of the models, we plot the two- and three-dimensional and contour graphics of the obtained solutions at varied values of fractional-order gamma and the selected system parameters. The solutions are analyzed with fractional and reduced differential transform methods to obtain an idea of invariance regarding the computed solution of the designed mathematical model. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency and preciseness of the proposed method to achieve a better understanding of chemotherapy effects. It is observed that chemotherapy drugs boost immunity against the specific cancer by decreasing the number of tumor cells, and the killing rate K of cancerous cells depend on the cells concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is focused on investigating the convective magneto-hydrodynamic single-phase flow for comparative analysis of two different base fluids above an exponentially stretchable porous surface under the effect of the chemical reaction. The Buongiorno fluid model is incorporated to observe the Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion in this study. Boussinesq approximation for temperature and concentration are accounted for flow to be naturally convective. In this study, water and ethanol are assumed for comparative analysis. Additionally, to achieve the outcomes of the designed three-dimensional flow boundary value, problem technique is employed to simulate the problem in MATLAB. Increase in the magnetic field, thermophoresis diffusion, temperature exponent, and Prandtl number expand thermal boundary, whereas contraction is observed with an increase in porosity. Shear stress rates in respective directions have decreased with an increase in the stretching ratio of the surface. Moreover, through comparison, reasonably enhanced Nusselt number is observed for water under influence of study parameters while the Nusselt number abruptly decreases for ethanol. High mass coefficients are observed for both examined fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is concerned with extracting the approximate solutions of a controlled mass-damper-spring model via the harmonic balance method. The stability of these solutions was checked with the aid of Floquet theory. A nonlinear saturation controller (NSC), a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) and a servo-controlled linear actuator (SCLA), were applied to suppress the undesired oscillations of the harmonically-excited car. 2D and 3D graphical plots are included based upon the equations resulting from the harmonic balance method. Moreover, a numerical simulation was established using the fourth order Rung–Kutta technique in order to confirm the overall controlled behavior of the studied model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cubic-position negative-velocity (CPNV) feedback controller is proposed in this research in order to suppress the nontrivial oscillations of the 1 / 3 order subharmonic resonance of a mass-damper-spring model. Based on the Krylov–Bogoliubov (KB) averaging method, the model's equation of motion is approximately solved and tested for stability. The nontrivial solutions region is plotted to determine where these solutions occur and try to quench them. The controller parameters can play crucial roles in eliminating such regions, keeping only the trivial solutions, and improving the transient response of the car's oscillations. Different response curves and relations are included in this study to provide the reader a wide overview of the control process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this recent work, the continuous dependence of double diffusive convection was studied theoretically in a porous medium of the Forchheimer model along with a variable viscosity. The analysis depicts that the density of saturating fluid under consideration shows a linear relationship with its concentration and a cubic dependence on the temperature. In this model, the equations for convection fluid motion were examined when viscosity changed with temperature linearly. This problem allowed the possibility of resonance between internal layers in thermal convection. Furthermore, we investigated the continuous dependence of this solution based on the changes in viscosity. Throughout the paper, we found an "a priori estimate" with coefficients that relied only on initial values, boundary data, and the geometry of the problem that demonstrated the continuous dependence of the solution on changes in the viscosity, which also helped us to state the relationship between the continuous dependence of the solution and the changes in viscosity. Moreover, we deduced a convergence result based on the Forchheimer model at the stage when the variable viscosity trends toward a constant value by assuming a couple of solutions to the boundary-initial-value problems and defining a difference solution of variables that satisfy a given boundary-initial-value problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on the nonlinear vibration control of a self-excited single-degree-of-freedom system. The integral resonant controller (IRC) is introduced to stabilize the unstable motion and suppress nonlinear oscillations of the considered system. The nonlinear dynamical equations that govern the vibratory behaviors of the proposed closed-loop control system are investigated using perturbation analysis, where loop delays have been included in the studied model. The system bifurcation behaviors have been visualized in both the two and three-dimensional spaces, and corresponding dynamical behaviors have been explored numerically using the bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré map, time-response, zero-one chaotic test algorithm, and frequency spectrum. The obtained analytical investigations revealed that the uncontrolled system can oscillate with one of four vibration modes depending on the excitation frequency, which are mono-stable periodic motion, bi-stable periodic motion, periodic and quasi-period motion, and quasi-periodic motion only. In addition, it is found that the existence of time delays in the control loop can either improve or degrade the control performance. Therefore, an objective function has been introduced to design the optimum control parameters. Based on the derived objective function, it is found that the performance of the proposed control strategy is proportional to the product of the control and feedback gains and inversely proportional to the internal loop feedback gain when the loop delays are neglected. Moreover, it is reported that the controller performance is a periodic function of the total sum of the loop delays. Accordingly, the optimal operating conditions of the time-delayed integral resonant controller have been explained. Finally, numerical validations for all obtained analytical results have been performed, where an excellent correspondence between the analytical and numerical investigations has been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research was to use the comparison approach with a first-order equation to derive criteria for non-oscillatory solutions of fourth-order nonlinear neutral differential equations with p Laplacian operators. We obtained new results for the behavior of solutions to these equations, and we showed their symmetric and non-oscillatory characteristics. These results complement some previously published articles. To find out the effectiveness of these results and validate the proposed work, two examples were discussed at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major finding of this paper is studying the stability of a double diffusive convection using the so-called local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects. A new combined model that we call it a Brinkmann-Forchheimer model was considered in this inquiry. Using both linear and non-linear stability analysis, a double diffusive convection is used in a saturated rotating porous layer when fluid and solid phases are not in the state of local thermal non-equilibrium. In addition, we discussed several related topics such as the effect of solute Rayleigh number, symmetric properties, Brinkman coefficient, Taylor number, inter-phase heat transfer coefficient on the stability of the system, and porosity modified conductivity ratio. Moreover, two cases were investigated in non-linear theory, the case of the Forchheimer coefficient F = 0 and the case of the Taylor-Darcy number τ = 0 . For the validation of this work, some numerical experiments were made in the non-linear energy stability and the linear instability theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to analyze the general equations of double diffusive magneto-free convection in an Oldroyd-B fluid flow based on the fundamental symmetry that are presented in non-dimensional form and are applied to a moving heated vertical plate as the boundary layer flow up, with the existence of an external magnetic field that is either moving or fixed consistent with the plate. The thermal transport phenomenon in the presence of constant concentration, coupled with a first order chemical reaction under the exponential heating of the symmetry of fluid flow, is analyzed. The Laplace transform method is applied symmetrically to tackle the non-dimensional partial differential equations for velocity, mass and energy. The contribution of mass, thermal and mechanical components on the dynamics of fluid are presented and discussed independently. An interesting property regarding the behavior of the fluid velocity is found when the movement is observed in the magnetic intensity along with the plate. In that situation, the fluid velocity is not zero when it is far and away from the plate. Moreover, the heat transfer aspects, flow dynamics and their credence on the parameters are drawn out by graphical illustrations. Furthermore, some special cases for the movement of the plate are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper is dedicated to an investigation of an evolution problem under a new operator (g -Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo type fractional derivative)(for short, g -ABC). For the proposed problem, we construct sufficient conditions for some properties of the solution like existence, uniqueness and stability analysis. Existence and uniqueness results are proved based on some fixed point theorems such that Banach and Krasnoselskii. Furthermore, through mathematical analysis techniques, we analyze different types of stability results. The symmetric properties aid in identifying the best strategy for getting the correct solution of fractional differential equations. An illustrative example is discussed for the control problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study suggests a control Lyapunov-based optimal integral terminal sliding mode control (ITSMC) technique for tracker design of asymmetric nonholonomic robotic systems in the existence of external disturbances. The design procedure is based on the control Lyapunov function (CLF) approach. Hence, the output tracking problem is solved by combining the ITSMC with optimal control. The CLF synthesizes a nonlinear optimal control input for the nominal system. Once the control system's states lie far away from the operating point, it is activated to drive them toward the equilibrium point optimally. However, on the condition that the system perturbations are the main factor, the ITSMC would be designed to take over in the vicinity of the equilibrium point. Accordingly, the control goals, such as robustness and precise control, are warranted in the perturbed system. The usefulness of the suggested method is demonstrated with a wheeled mobile robot via a simulation study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symmetry performs an essential function in finding the correct techniques for solutions to time space fractional differential equations (TSFDEs). In this article, we present the Novel Analytic Method (NAM) for approximate solutions of the linear and non-linear KdV equation for TSFDs. To enunciate the non-integer derivative for the aforementioned equation, the Caputo operator is manipulated. Furthermore, the formula implemented is a numerical way that is postulated from Taylor's series, which confirms an analytical answer in the form of a convergent series. For delineation of the efficiency and functionality of the method in question, four applications are exemplified along with graphical interpretation and numerical solutions to finitely illustrate the behavior of the solution to this equation. Moreover, the 3D graphs of some of these numerical examples are plotted with specific values. Observing the effectiveness of this process, we can easily decide that this process can be implemented to other TSFDEs applied in the mathematical modeling of a real-world aspect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to establish new sufficient criteria for oscillation of solutions of even-order delay Emden-Fowler differential equations with neutral term r ı y ı + m ı y g ı n − 1 γ ′ + ∑ i = 1 j q i ı y γ μ i ı = 0 . We use Riccati transformation and the comparison with first-order differential inequalities to obtain theses criteria. Moreover, the presented oscillation conditions essentially simplify and extend known criteria in the literature. To show the importance of our results, we provide some examples. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods for solutions to differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a nonlinear position-velocity controller in stabilising the lateral vibrations of a rotor-active magnetic-bearings system (RAMBS) is investigated. Cubic nonlinear position-velocity and linear position-velocity controllers are introduced to stabilise RAMBS lateral oscillations. According to the proposed control law, the nonlinear system model is established and then investigated with perturbation analysis. Nonlinear algebraic equations that govern the steady-state oscillation amplitudes and the corresponding phases are derived. Depending on the obtained algebraic equations, the different frequency response curves and bifurcation diagrams are plotted for the studied model. Sensitivity analysis for the linear and nonlinear controllers' gains is explored. Obtained analytical results demonstrated that the studied model had symmetric bifurcation behaviours in both the horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, the integration of the cubic position controller made the control algorithm more flexible to reshape system dynamical behaviours from the hardening spring characteristic to the softening spring characteristic (or vice versa) to avoid resonance conditions. Moreover, the optimal design of the cubic position gain and/or cubic velocity gain could stabilise the unstable motion and eliminate the nonlinear effects of the system even at large disc eccentricities. Lastly, numerical validations for all acquired results are performed, where the presented simulations show accurate correspondence between numerical and analytical investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the work of Josip Pečarić in 2013 and 1982 and on the work of Srivastava in 2017. We prove some new α -conformable dynamic inequalities of Steffensen-type on time scales. In the case when α = 1 , we obtain some well-known time scale inequalities due to Steffensen inequalities. For some specific time scales, we further show some relevant inequalities as special cases: α -conformable integral inequalities and α -conformable discrete inequalities. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is motivated by the work of Josip Pečarić in 2013 and 1982 and the work of Srivastava in 2017. By the utilization of the diamond- α dynamic inequalities, which are defined as a linear mixture of the delta and nabla integrals, we present and prove very important generalized results of diamond- α Steffensen-type inequalities on a general time scale. Symmetry plays an essential role in determining the correct methods to solve dynamic inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is dedicated to investigating the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the 8-pole rotor active magnetic bearing system. The rub and impact forces between the rotating disc and the pole-legs are included in the studied model for the first time. A new control scheme based on modifying the 8-pole positions has been introduced. The proposed control methodology is designed such that four poles only are located in the horizontal and vertical directions (i.e., in + X , + Y , − X , − Y directions) , while the other four poles are inserted in a way such that each pole makes 45° with two of the axes + X , + Y , − X , − Y . The control currents in the horizontal and vertical poles are suggested to be proportional to both the velocity and displacement of the rotor in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, while the control currents in the inclined poles are proposed to be dependent on the combination of both the displacement and velocity of the rotor in the horizontal and vertical directions. Accordingly, the whole-system mathematical model is derived. The derived discontinuous dynamical system is analyzed employing perturbation methods, Poincare maps, bifurcation diagrams, whirling orbits, and frequency spectrum. The obtained results demonstrated that the controller proportional control gain can play a significant role in changing the vibratory behaviors of the system, where the proposed control method can behave either as a cartesian control strategy or as a radial control one depending on the magnitude of the proportional gain. In addition, it is found that the rotor system can vibrate with periodic, periodic-n, quasiperiodic, or chaotic motion when the rub and/or impact forces occur. Moreover, it is reported for the first time that the rotor-AMB can oscillate symmetrically in X and Y directions either in full annular rub mode or quasiperiodic partial rub mode depending on the impact stiffness coefficient and the dynamic friction coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New oscillatory properties for the oscillation of solutions to a class of fourth-order delay differential equations with several deviating arguments are established, which extend and generalize related results in previous studies. Some oscillation results are established by using the Riccati technique under the case of canonical coefficients. The symmetry plays an important and fundamental role in the study of the oscillation of solutions of the equations. Examples are given to prove the significance of the new theorems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS), dividing the emulated structure into numerical substructures (NS) and physical substructures (PS), is a powerful technique to obtain responses and then to assess the seismic performance of civil engineering structures. A transfer system, a servo-hydraulic actuator or shaking table, is used to apply boundary conditions between the two substructures. However, the servo-hydraulic actuator is inherently a complex system with nonlinearities and may introduce time delays into the RTHS, which will decrease the accuracy and stability of the RTHS. Moreover, there are various uncertainties in RTHS. An accurate and robust actuator control strategy is necessary to guarantee reliable simulation results. Therefore, a mixed sensitivity-based H∞ control method was proposed for RTHS. In H∞ control, the dynamics and robustness of the closed-loop transfer system are realized by performance weighting functions. A form of weighting function was given considering the requirement in RTHS. The influence of the weighting functions on the dynamics was investigated. Numerical simulations and actual RTHSs were carried out under symmetric and asymmetric dynamic loads, namely sinusoidal and earthquake excitation, respectively. Results indicated that the H∞ control method used for RTHS is feasible, and it exhibits an excellent tracking performance and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempted to discuss the design principles for enhancing usability in terms of asymmetry of mental models between users and designers. If the user model is asymmetrical to the design model, i.e., the degree of agreement between models is low and the user's mental model is not compatible with the actual system, the user cannot operate the system properly, which may cause errors. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of users who have asymmetrical mental models and identify what such users did not understand. Twenty-four subjects participated in an experiment that involved a digital camera operation task and mental model tests that measure the level of the agreement of the mental model construction in terms of functional and structural models. Initially, the participants were grouped based on mental model test scores: symmetrical mental model group (n = 17) and asymmetrical mental model group (n = 7). Then, the groups were compared in terms of performance and subjective comprehension. The comparison indicated that the symmetrical mental model group performed more quickly and accurately than the asymmetrical group. The results also confirmed that the asymmetrical mental model group had a lower level of comprehension in terms of understanding the device status, detecting and responding to device status changes, and understanding the hierarchical structure of the screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the new iterative transform method and the homotopy perturbation transform method was used to solve fractional-order Equal-Width equations with the help of Caputo-Fabrizio. This method combines the Laplace transform with the new iterative transform method and the homotopy perturbation method. The approximate results are calculated in the series form with easily computable components. The fractional Equal-Width equations play an essential role in describe hydromagnetic waves in cold plasma. Our object is to study the nonlinear behaviour of the plasma system and highlight the critical points. The techniques are very reliable, effective, and efficient, which can solve a wide range of problems arising in engineering and sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The neural-network-based human activity recognition (HAR) technique is being increasingly used for activity recognition in virtual reality (VR) users. The major issue of a such technique is the collection large-scale training datasets which are key for deriving a robust recognition model. However, collecting large-scale data is a costly and time-consuming process. Furthermore, increasing the number of activities to be classified will require a much larger number of training datasets. Since training the model with a sparse dataset can only provide limited features to recognition models, it can cause problems such as overfitting and suboptimal results. In this paper, we present a data augmentation technique named gravity control-based augmentation (GCDA) to alleviate the sparse data problem by generating new training data based on the existing data. The benefits of the symmetrical structure of the data are that it increased the number of data while preserving the properties of the data. The core concept of GCDA is two-fold: (1) decomposing the acceleration data obtained from the inertial measurement unit (IMU) into zero-gravity acceleration and gravitational acceleration, and augmenting them separately, and (2) exploiting gravity as a directional feature and controlling it to augment training datasets. Through the comparative evaluations, we validated that the application of GCDA to training datasets showed a larger improvement in classification accuracy ( 96.39 % ) compared to the typical data augmentation methods ( 92.29 % ) applied and those that did not apply the augmentation method ( 85.21 % ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most intriguing phenomenons related to deep learning is the so-called adversarial examples. These samples are visually equivalent to normal inputs, undetectable for humans, yet they cause the networks to output wrong results. The phenomenon can be framed as a symmetry/asymmetry problem, whereby inputs to a neural network with a similar/symmetric appearance to regular images, produce an opposite/asymmetric output. Some researchers are focused on developing methods for generating adversarial examples, while others propose defense methods. In parallel, there is a growing interest in characterizing the phenomenon, which is also the focus of this paper. From some well known datasets of common images, like CIFAR-10 and STL-10, a neural network architecture is first trained in a normal regime, where training and validation performances increase, reaching generalization. Additionally, the same architectures and datasets are trained in an overfitting regime, where there is a growing disparity in training and validation performances. The behaviour of these two regimes against adversarial examples is then compared. From the results, we observe greater robustness to adversarial examples in the overfitting regime. We explain this simultaneous loss of generalization and gain in robustness to adversarial examples as another manifestation of the well-known fitting-generalization trade-off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore a superconducting charge qubit interacting with a dissipative microwave cavity field. Wigner distribution and its non-classicality are investigated analytically under the effects of the qubit–cavity interaction, the qubit–cavity detuning, and the dissipation. As the microwave cavity field is initially in an even coherent state, we investigate the non-classicality of the Wigner distributions. Partially and maximally frozen entanglement are produced by the qubit–cavity interaction, depending on detuning and cavity dissipation. It is found that the amplitudes and frequency of the Wigner distribution can be controlled by the phase space parameters, the qubit–cavity interaction and the detuning, as well as by the dissipation. The cavity dissipation reduces the non-classicality; this process can be accelerated by the detuning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Named entity recognition (NER) is an important task in the processing of natural language, which needs to determine entity boundaries and classify them into pre-defined categories. For low-resource languages, most state-of-the-art systems require tens of thousands of annotated sentences to obtain high performance. However, there is minimal annotated data available about Uyghur and Hungarian (UH languages) NER tasks. There are also specificities in each task—differences in words and word order across languages make it a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an effective solution to providing a meaningful and easy-to-use feature extractor for named entity recognition tasks: fine-tuning the pre-trained language model. Therefore, we propose a fine-tuning method for a low-resource language model, which constructs a fine-tuning dataset through data augmentation; then the dataset of a high-resource language is added; and finally the cross-language pre-trained model is fine-tuned on this dataset. In addition, we propose an attention-based fine-tuning strategy that uses symmetry to better select relevant semantic and syntactic information from pre-trained language models and apply these symmetry features to name entity recognition tasks. We evaluated our approach on Uyghur and Hungarian datasets, which showed wonderful performance compared to some strong baselines. We close with an overview of the available resources for named entity recognition and some of the open research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetry during gait is associated with the evolution of secondary osteoarthritis. Kinematic asymmetry has been reported in advanced stages of hip osteoarthritis but has not been evaluated in earlier stages of the disease or has it been directly compared with unilateral and bilateral hip osteoarthritis. Our objective was to evaluate within-group symmetry and compare between-group asymmetry for three-dimensional pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics during walking and sit-to-stand in individuals with unilateral mild-to-moderate hip OA, bilateral mild-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis, and healthy controls. Twelve individuals with unilateral mild-to-moderate hip OA, nine individuals with bilateral mild-to-moderate symptomatic and radiographic hip OA, and 21 age-comparable healthy controls underwent three-dimensional motion analysis during walking and sit-to-stand. Pelvis and lower limb joint angles were calculated using inverse kinematics and between-limb symmetry was assessed for each group. Any resulting asymmetries (most affected minus contralateral limb) were compared between groups. Participants with unilateral hip osteoarthritis exhibited significantly less hip extension (7.90°), knee flexion (4.72°), and anterior pelvic tilt (3.38°) on their affected limb compared with the contralateral limb during the stance phase of walking. Those with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were significantly more asymmetrical than controls for sagittal plane hip and pelvis angles. No significant asymmetries were detected within- or between-groups for sit-to-stand. Individuals with unilateral hip osteoarthritis exhibited lower limb asymmetries consistent with those reported in advanced stages of disease during walking, but not sit-to-stand. Consideration of the possible negative effects of gait asymmetry on the health of the affected and other compensating joints appears warranted in the management of hip OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biometric classification plays a key role in fingerprint characterization, especially in the identification process. In fact, reducing the number of comparisons in biometric recognition systems is essential when dealing with large-scale databases. The classification of fingerprints aims to achieve this target by splitting fingerprints into different categories. The general approach of fingerprint classification requires pre-processing techniques that are usually computationally expensive. Deep Learning is emerging as the leading field that has been successfully applied to many areas, such as image processing. This work shows the performance of pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), tested on two fingerprint databases—namely, PolyU and NIST—and comparisons to other results presented in the literature in order to establish the type of classification that allows us to obtain the best performance in terms of precision and model efficiency, among approaches under examination, namely: AlexNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet. We present the first study that extensively compares the most used CNN architectures by classifying the fingerprints into four, five, and eight classes. From the experimental results, the best performance was obtained in the classification of the PolyU database by all the tested CNN architectures due to the higher quality of its samples. To confirm the reliability of our study and the results obtained, a statistical analysis based on the McNemar test was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropism, or asymmetry, of facet joints in the cervical spine has been found to be related to degenerative changes of the joints and discs. Clinicians often assume that differences in segmental mobility are related to tropism. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between asymmetry of facet joints in the sub-axial cervical spine and (1) segmental mobility and (2) spinal levels perceived by therapists to have limited mobility. Eighteen participants with idiopathic neck pain had MRIs of their cervical spine in neutral and at the end of active rotation. Angular movement and translational movement of each motion segment was calculated from 3D segmentations of the vertebrae. A plane was fitted to the facet on each side. Tropism was considered to be the difference in the orientation of the facet planes and ranged from 1 to 30° with a median of 7.7°. No relationships were found between the extent of tropism and either segmental movement or locations deemed to be symptomatic. Tropism in the sub-axial cervical spine does not appear to be related to segmental mobility in rotation or to levels deemed to be symptomatic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the double-rope winding hoisting system (DWHS) is in operation, tensions of two wire ropes of the DWHS will not be symmetrical because of some factors such as different manufacturing deviation between the twin winding drum and two wire ropes, different winding groove depths, the winding asynchronism of two wire ropes, and elastic modulus difference of two wire ropes and so on. Therefore, an electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) is employed to actively control two wire ropes tensions to guarantee operation security of the DWHS. Dynamic models of the hoisting system and the EHSS are introduced, of which dynamic model of the DWHS is expressed with state representation. The flatness-based controller (FBC) is designed for the hoisting system. A disturbance observer is utilized to deal with the external disturbance and unmodeled characteristics of the EHSS. Hence, a disturbance observer based integral backstepping controller (DO-BIBC) is designed for the EHSS. The stability of the overall control system is proved by de-fining an overall Lyapunov function. To investigate the property of the proposed controller, an experimental setup of the DWHS is established. As well, comparative experimental results indicate that the proposed controller exhibits a better performance on leveling control of the conveyance and tension coordination control on the two wire ropes than a conventional PI controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A lack of memory can lead to job failures or increase processing times for garbage collection. However, if too much memory is provided, the processing time is only marginally reduced, and most of the memory is wasted. Many big data processing tasks are executed in cloud environments. When renting virtual resources in a cloud environment, it is necessary to pay the cost according to the specifications of resources (i.e., the number of virtual cores and the size of memory), as well as rental time. In this paper, given the type of workload and volume of the input data, we analyze the memory usage pattern and derive the efficient memory size of data-parallel workloads in Apache Spark. Then, we propose a machine-learning-based prediction model that determines the efficient memory for a given workload and data. To determine the validity of the proposed model, we applied it to data-parallel workloads which include a deep learning model. The predicted memory values were in close agreement with the actual amount of required memory. Additionally, the whole building time for the proposed model requires a maximum of 44% of the total execution time of a data-parallel workload. The proposed model can improve memory efficiency up to 1.89 times compared with the vanilla Spark setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Symmetry widely exists in natural objects and man-made objects. Mechanical structures, as man-made objects, have the property of symmetry without exception. The existence of symmetry affects the function and performance of mechanical products. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing a large number of examples and referring to the Schoenflies symbol of crystal, the symmetry of mechanical structures is divided into point group symmetry and space group symmetry, and these two types are further subdivided according to the types and spatial positions of the symmetry elements. Then, the general effects of symmetry are summarized according to symmetry types and functions, and several symmetry rules for design are further refined. Finally, after defining the requirements of speed change and technology background, a multispeed device for bicycle shaft drive is proposed by applying symmetry knowledge comprehensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design approach of an output feedback tracking controller is proposed for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with time delay. To deal with the time delays, an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii the tracking analysis is ingeniously constructed, and an output feedback tracking controller is designed by using a homogeneous domination method. It is shown that the proposed output controller independent of time delay can make the tracking error be adjusted to be sufficiently small and render all the trajectory of the closed-loop system as bounded. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The openness of the environment brings great challenges to the swarm robotic system to cover the task area quickly and effectively. In this paper, a coverage method based on gradient and grouping (GGC) is proposed. What is novel about our proposed solution is that it is suitable for extremely simple robots that lack computing or storage power. Through the change of the robot gradient, the swarm robot system with very simple functions can effectively self-organize to cover the unknown task area. By grouping the swarm robots, each group can cover the task area in parallel, which greatly improves the coverage speed. We verified our proposed method through experimental simulation and found that the gradient and grouping-based method in this paper was superior to other methods in terms of coverage, coverage completion time, and other aspects. Simultaneously, the robustness of the proposed method is analyzed and admirable experimental results are obtained. Because the applicable robot is very simple, the method in this paper can be applied to the submillimeter swarm robot system, which will lay the foundation for micro medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing video action recognition methods mainly rely on high-level semantic information from convolutional neural networks (CNNs) but ignore the discrepancies of different information streams. However, it does not normally consider both long-distance aggregations and short-range motions. Thus, to solve these problems, we propose hierarchical excitation aggregation and disentanglement networks (Hi-EADNs), which include multiple frame excitation aggregation (MFEA) and a feature squeeze-and-excitation hierarchical disentanglement (SEHD) module. MFEA specifically uses long-short range motion modelling and calculates the feature-level temporal difference. The SEHD module utilizes these differences to optimize the weights of each spatiotemporal feature and excite motion-sensitive channels. Moreover, without introducing additional parameters, this feature information is processed with a series of squeezes and excitations, and multiple temporal aggregations with neighbourhoods can enhance the interaction of different motion frames. Extensive experimental results confirm our proposed Hi-EADN method effectiveness on the UCF101 and HMDB51 benchmark datasets, where the top-5 accuracy is 93.5% and 76.96%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design: Health issues throughout the sustainable development goals have also been integrated into one ultimate goal, which helps to ensure a healthy lifestyle as well as enhances well-being for any and all human beings of all social level. Meanwhile, regarding the clime change, we may take urgent action to its impacts. Purpose: Nowadays, climate change makes it much more difficult to control the pattern of diseases transmitted and sometimes hard to prevent. In line with this, Centres for Disease Control (CDC) Taiwan grouped the spread of disease through its source in the first six main groups. Those are food or waterborne, airborne or droplet, vector-borne, sexually transmitted or blood-borne, contact transmission, and miscellaneous. According to this, academics, government, and the private sector should work together and collaborate to maintain the health issue. This article examines and connects the climate and communicable aspects towards Penta-Helix in Taiwan. Finding: In summary, we have been addressing the knowledge center on the number of private companies throughout the health care sector, the number of healthcare facilities, and the education institutions widely recognized as Penta Helix. In addition, we used hierarchical likelihood structural equation modeling (HSEMs). All the relationship variables among climate, communicable disease, and Penta Helix can be interpreted through the latent variables with GoF 79.24%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to study a concrete structure, currently used in civil engineering, which has certain symmetries. This type of problem is common in engineering practice, especially in civil engineering. There are many reasons why structures with identical elements or certain symmetries are used in industry, related to economic considerations, shortening the design time, for constructive, simplicity, cost or logistical reasons. There are many reasons why the presence of symmetries has benefits for designers, builders, and beneficiaries. In the end, the result of these benefits materializes through short execution times and reduced costs. The paper studies the eigenvalue and eigenmode properties of vibration for components of the constructions' structure, often encountered in current practice. The identification of such properties allows the simplification and easing of the effort necessary for the dynamic analysis of such a structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advancement of global warming, the Arctic sea routes (ASRs) may open for the entire year. The ASRs will be far more competitive than they are now, and they will be the major international sea routes in the future. To date, most studies have researched the economic feasibility in the short term from a company's perspective. To help to plan the shipping market in the future, we developed a three-stage model to simulate the trade demand of the ASRs for the long term. This model firstly considers the seasonal sea ice dynamics in the future and plans new paths for vessels shipping through the Arctic. Additionally, an improved trade prediction model was developed to adapt to the long-term forecasts. After verification, the accuracy of the model was found to be very high (R2 = 0.937). In comparison with another transportation cost model and a trade prediction model, our model was more reasonable. This study simulated the trade volumes of China, Europe (EU), and North America (NA) in 2100 with the ASRs open. The results show that the percentage of port trade can be up to 26% in representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6, and the percentage of port trade can be up to 52% in RCP8.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a whole, human sprinting seems to be a completely periodic and symmetrical motion. This view is changed when a person runs with a running-specific prosthesis after a unilateral amputation. The aim of our study is to investigate differences and similarities between unilateral below-knee amputee and non-amputee sprinters—especially with regard to whether asymmetry is a distracting factor for sprint performance. We established three-dimensional rigid multibody models of one unilateral transtibial amputee athlete and for reference purposes of three non-amputee athletes. They consist of 16 bodies (head, ipper, middle and lower trunk, upper and lower arms, hands, thighs, shanks and feet/running specific prosthesis) with 30 or 31 degrees of freedom (DOFs) for the amputee and the non-amputee athletes, respectively. Six DOFs are associated with the floating base, the remaining ones are rotational DOFs. The internal joints are equipped with torque actuators except for the prosthetic ankle joint. To model the spring-like properties of the prosthesis, the actuator is replaced by a linear spring-damper system. We consider a pair of steps which is modeled as a multiphase problem with each step consisting of a flight, touchdown and single-leg contact phase. Each phase is described by its own set of differential equations. By combining motion capture recordings with a least squares optimal control problem formulation including constraints, we reconstructed the dynamics of one sprinting trial for each athlete. The results show that even the non-amputee athletes showed less symmetrical sprinting than expected when examined on an individual level. Nevertheless, the asymmetry is much more pronounced in the amputee athlete. The amputee athlete applies larger torques in the arm and trunk joints to compensate the asymmetry and experiences a destabilizing influence of the trunk movement. Hence, the inter-limb asymmetry of the amputee has a significant effect on the control of the sprint movement and the maintenance of an upright body position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first define type-two degenerate poly-Changhee polynomials of the second kind by using modified degenerate polyexponential functions. We derive new identities and relations between type-two degenerate poly-Changhee polynomials of the second kind. Finally, we derive type-two degenerate unipoly-Changhee polynomials of the second kind and discuss some of their identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Credit scoring of financially excluded persons is challenging for financial institutions because of a lack of financial data and long physical distances, which hamper data collection. The remote collection of alternative data has the potential to overcome these challenges, enabling credit access for such individuals. Whereas alternative data sources such as mobile phones have been investigated by previous researchers, this research proposes the integration of mobile-phone, satellite, and public geospatial data to improve credit evaluations where financial data are lacking. An approach to integrating these disparate data sources involving both spatial and temporal analysis methods such as spatial aggregation was employed, resulting in various data combinations. The resulting data sets were used to train classifiers of varying complexity, from logistic regression to ensemble learning. Comparisons were based on various performance metrics, including accuracy and the area under the receiver operating-characteristic curve. The combination of all three data sources performed significantly better than mobile-phone data, with the mean classifier accuracy and F1 score improving by 18% and 0.149, respectively. It is shown how these improvements can translate to cost savings for financial institutions through a reduction in misclassification errors. Alternative data combined in this manner could enhance credit provision to financially excluded persons while managing associated risks, leading to greater financial inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]