1. Phytohormone release by three isolated lichen mycobionts and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid on their compatible photobionts
- Author
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Daniela Trippel, Gregor Pichler, Andreas Holzinger, Lucia Muggia, Ilse Kranner, Tuğçe Çimen, Fabio Candotto Carniel, Mauro Tretiach, Wolfgang Stöggl, Claudio G. Ametrano, Izmir Isntitute of Technology, Pichler, Gregor, Stöggl, Wolfgang, Trippel, Daniela, Candotto Carniel, Fabio, Muggia, Lucia, Ametrano, Claudio Gennaro, Çimen, Tuğçe, Holzinger, Andrea, Tretiach, Mauro, and Kranner, Ilse
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Trebouxia ,Fungus ,Jasmonic acid ,Lichen ,Salicylic acid ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Photosynthesis ,Article ,Thallus ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Xanthoria parietina ,chemistry ,Auxin ,Botany ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Indole-3-acetic acid ,Alga, Auxin, Fungus, Jasmonic acid, Lichen, Salicylic acid ,Alga - Abstract
Kranner, Ilse/0000-0003-4959-9109; Holzinger, Andreas/0000-0002-7745-3978, PubMed: 33223597, Evidence is emerging that phytohormones represent key inter-kingdom signalling compounds supporting chemical communication between plants, fungi and bacteria. The roles of phytohormones for the lichen symbiosis are poorly understood, particularly in the process of lichenization, i.e. the key events which lead free-living microalgae and fungi to recognize each other, make physical contact and start developing a lichen thallus. Here, we studied cellular and extracellularly released phytohormones in three lichen mycobionts, Cladonia grayi, Xanthoria parietina and Tephromela atra, grown on solid medium, and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their respective photobionts, Asterochloris glomerata, Trebouxia decolorans, Trebouxia sp. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) we found that mycobionts produced IAA, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). IAA represented the most abundant phytohormone produced and released by all mycobionts, whereas SA was released by X. parietina and T. atra, and JA was released by C. grayi only. With a half-life of 5.2 days, IAA degraded exponentially in solid BBM in dim light. When IAA was exogenously offered to the mycobionts' compatible photobionts at "physiological" concentrations (as released by their respective mycobionts and accumulated in the medium over seven days), the photobionts' water contents increased up to 4.4%. Treatment with IAA had no effects on the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, dry mass, and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and alpha-tocopherol of the photobionts. The data presented may be useful for designing studies aimed at elucidating the roles of phytohormones in lichens., Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF); FWFAustrian Science Fund (FWF) [P32092-B32, I1951-B16], Open access funding provided by Austrian Science Fund (FWF).; We also thank the FWF for financial support (grants P32092-B32 to IK and I1951-B16 to AH).
- Published
- 2020