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Corporate sustainability is a complex concept, creating ambiguity regarding what it means and entails in a given context. Especially in sectors such as the pharmaceutical industry, where there is little direct interaction between the company and its stakeholders, infomediaries such as the mass media play a pivotal role in framing corporate sustainability and providing social evaluations to the general public. This paper reports on a longitudinal frame analysis of the newspaper reporting on corporate sustainability related to two British pharmaceutical companies, AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline, in the period between 2000 and 2020. It explores and explains dominant sustainability frames related to pharmaceutical industry. The findings suggest that newspaper frames prioritize social and economic sustainability dimensions, related to companies' core business activities and relationships with stakeholders, and neglect the environmental dimension. The paper contributes to the existing literature by exploring contextual media framing, sustainability complexity and, empirically, sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of sustainable tourism development is derived from sustainable development. Building tourism with the framework of sustainable development has become a necessary effective way. This study examined the abstracts and titles of 1783 sustainable development and 692 sustainable tourism development related papers from 2012 to 2021 as textual data sources through the Web of Science core database. Using text mining and semantic network as analysis methods, this paper summarizes eight main clusters of sustainable development and sustainable tourism development in the past 10 years. Based on this, this paper compares the differences between the two researches and explores four potential research areas in sustainable tourism development: (1) threats to sustainability; (2) ecology and health; (3) stakeholder cooperation and roles; and (4) tourism development planning. In addition, the visual network knowledge structure intuitively captures the relationship between the different keywords in the clustering, which provides an important reference value for broadening the future research direction of sustainable tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the potential of Convergence Innovation (CI) as an effective catalyst for dealing with the COVID‐19 pandemic and devising a trajectory toward a sustainable post‐crisis future. It offers novel perspectives on sustainable innovation approaches that can enhance organizational performance and extend beyond it. The paper makes significant contributions to both the theoretical and practical aspects of innovation. It illustrates the impact of market forces in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and Digital Technologies (DT), highlighting the significance of sustainable innovation for organizational prosperity and individual welfare. Convergence Innovation is explained as a self‐regulating ecosystem that promotes and goes beyond value creation. Different technologies in the ecosystem enhance CI's sensing capabilities for fluctuations in market forces and facilitate the transmission of data for decision‐making. The study recommends splitting off the S‐curve of innovation and the life cycle of competitive intelligence, as the S‐curve of CI tends to be shorter in the digital age. This paper provides managers with a new framework for thinking about innovation and its role in achieving sustainable business success. By embracing CI, managers can create more agile and adaptable organizations that are better positioned to navigate the complex and rapidly changing world of the digital age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Sustainable Development Report (SDR) provides comprehensive global rankings based on countries' performance and efforts toward the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, the spillover effects reflecting how one country's actions influence others remain underexplored, especially regarding their interplay with SDGs performance. This paper delves into the cross‐border adverse impacts on the environment and society arising from these spillovers, examining their correlation with SDGs rankings within the context of the North‐South divide and foreign direct investment (FDI). The analysis reveals a pronounced association between higher SDGs scores and amplified negative spillover effects. While this trend is predominant among advanced Northern countries, certain developing Southern nations also exhibit similar tendencies, potentially obstructing the SDGs of more vulnerable states. This paper argues that many countries achieve their SDGs by exploiting the ecological and social resources of others, suggesting a deviation from genuine sustainability and the core ethos of the 2030 Agenda: "Leave No One Behind." To provide a clearer perspective on countries' developmental trajectories, this paper proposes conceptual metrics and utilizes data visualization to re‐assess sustainability progression over time. It also introduces four developmental tendencies: exploitative, degraded, waning, and sustainable development. The findings emphasize that countries aiming to transition from exploitative or degraded development to sustainability must address consumerism, prioritize SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and counteract the degradation of SDG 13 (Climate Action). Crucially, a competitive mindset and a lack of international collaboration will hinder SDGs, underscoring the pressing need for collective action on environmental and social justice and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green credit policy, as an environmental regulation instrument in the financial sector, is gradually having an impact on corporate performance in environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG). Based on the implementation of the Green Credit Guidelines policy, this paper investigates the impact of green credit policies on corporate ESG performance from 2011 to 2019 using the double‐difference propensity score matching method (PSM‐DID) and the Heckman two‐stage method, using a sample of A‐share listed companies. It was found that the implementation of the Green Credit Guidelines effectively improved the ESG performance of firms in green credit‐restricted industries relative to non‐green credit‐restricted industries. It is further found that this is mainly due to the increased green focus of corporate executives, while the incremental effect of green credit policies on corporate ESG performance is further strengthened by the increased quality and quantity of corporate green technology innovation. Finally, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the boosting effect of green credit policy on ESG performance of enterprises in green credit‐restricted industries is more prominent in the sample of enterprises with more analyst attention, less financially developed regions and private ones. How to leverage the green credit policy dividend to enhance the ESG performance of enterprises, further refine, and improve the green credit policy to help enterprises' sustainable development are the most direct policy implications of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper highlights the importance of improving stakeholder understanding of environmental factors such as air quality and the urban heat island effect to achieve sustainable development goals. While accurate spatial and temporal environmental data are critical for sustainable solutions, the challenge lies in translating complex environmental information for non‐specialists. To solve this problem, we propose using web GIS storytelling as a powerful tool for communicating and disseminating information about the environment. This paper aims to show example of implementation of a web‐based geographic information system (GIS) on our case study in Bergen, Norway. This platform "Web GIS Bergen, air quality and thermal comfort" was created as an open portal. This document explains the components of the platform, their rationale, and implementation, which includes important steps. They involve the collection of relevant environmental data, including modeling results and remote sensing data. Futhermore, the design and interface of the platform has been carefully considered to provide a user‐friendly experience based on interactive maps and storytelling. Combining data visualization and storytelling, the platform promotes a comprehensive understanding of complex environmental data, including "invisible killers" such as air pollution and the urban heat island effect, which significantly affect sustainable development. The strategic integration of this web‐based GIS platform in Bergen can serve as an attractive model for other urban areas looking for practical tools for sustainable development, engaging stakeholders for a healthier and more sustainable urban future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through their consumption behavior, households are responsible for more than 70% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, the GHG emission reduction potential due to the household behavior is very high. Energy consumption is the main source of the GHG emission in households. There are two main ways to reduce GHG emissions in households: use of renewable energy, energy efficiency improvement, and energy conservation due to changes in the energy use patterns. The highest energy saving potential in households is linked with building renovation, followed by the use of energy efficient appliances (including lighting). Renewable energy microgeneration technologies in households also provide opportunities for GHG emission reduction. Although there have been many policies developed to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households, they still need to be more effective. This paper aims to assess willingness of Lithuanian households to reduce GHG emissions from energy consumption in households by embarking on energy renovation of buildings, use of energy efficient appliances and use of renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for these GHG emission reduction measures allows to compare household preferences with respect to available support measures and assess the adequacy of such measures. The paper also discusses household attitudes toward the main policies and measures for GHG emission reduction. The results show the highest willingness to pay for energy efficient appliances, followed by renewable energy technologies. The willingness to pay for energy renovation is the lowest one and such s measure requires significant state support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attaining Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: Health and Well‐Being) faces a dual challenge of diminishing returns of established intervention designs, and a threat to future gains from complex inter‐connected global health challenges like antimicrobial resistance and global biodiversity loss. The growing movement of context‐sensitive approaches could help realise yet untapped potential for intervention designs, but contemporary global health policy and research still remain dominated by a model of individual market style choices. This paper therefore aims to support the development of global health planning processes that are more grounded and integrative across the SDGs. Reiterating calls for disruptive policy change is unlikely to impact the modus operandi of global health policy and research. This paper therefore builds on a logic that already finds widespread and intuitive application in their underlying planning processes: 'the market'. However, it challenges the dominant supply‐and‐demand approach to healthcare markets and redefines them from a strategic marketing perspective. Translated to the interface of populations and health systems, the strategic market is a site for solving problems that are defined by people with multidimensional health needs. This framework offers four guiding questions to define the strategic market and six premises as a simple intellectual starting point and checklist for more grounded and inter‐sectorial action across the SDGs. The analysis of data from one of the largest behavioural survey data sets, covering 6683 villagers across China, India, Lao PDR and Thailand, demonstrates the relevance of the premises empirically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the effect of state‐society relations (SSR) in the industrial sector on the sustainable economic growth of post‐Revolution Tunisia. The empirical part of the paper depends mainly on qualitative data collected from fieldwork interviews with the most important actors and publications of civil society organizations. The paper suggests the presence of state capture as the defining characteristic of SSR in post‐Revolution Tunisia. The combination of having powerful tycoons, weaker state, and ineffectively organized social actors produced conditions that harmed sustainability. These settings allowed tycoons to violate environmental regulations and prevented Green innovation through the adoption of Green technologies. Yet, factors such as low value‐added creation, increased labor‐intensity, and low environmental awareness or prioritization all interact with state capture to lower sustainability. In those sectors where tycoons are active and dominant, competing social actors are incapable of effectively exploiting the presence of a freer political system, ultimately failing to successfully organize resisting coalitions, as evident in the textile sector. While higher resistance is witnessed where tycoons are not dominant as was the case in the phosphate sector, tycoons could still use the situation to their advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of digital technologies on the environmental and economic sides of sustainability has received considerable attention. In contrast, the societal implications are quite under‐researched. Through a systematic literature review, we describe the current status of the research on the impacts that digital technologies have on social sustainability. We pay particular attention to methods used for assessing and measuring these impacts. One positive observation made from our descriptive (bibliometric) analysis is that there is an increasing interest in social sustainability. Our content analysis identified four categories, namely "Area of Impact," "Approach to technology," "Measured/Measurable Effect," and "Measuring Methods", accumulating 30 labels, which we use to classify the papers at study. A quite common label is "Jobs" as the area of impacts, whereas the least used label in the approach to technology category is "Cyber‐security," signaling that few papers that investigate the impacts of digital technologies on social sustainability consider their security and privacy implications. Other gaps that we expose are the lack of empirical data as well as the lack of mathematical modeling when measuring the effects of digital technologies, with direct experiments appearing very seldom in the literature. In an attempt to provide a guide for future research, we identify five general research gaps, listing 20 specific research questions, and propose a structuring procedure for articles on social implications of digital technologies to be produce in a more systematic manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper advances disaster risk governance (DRG) research and practice by incorporating elements of intersectionality and place‐based thinking. Intersectionality provides a crucial yet underutilised lens to examine power, positionality, and individuals' experiences facing disasters and other climatic events. Through six principles and using examples from small islands and a synthesis of the literature, this paper presents an intersectional approach for DRG to support inclusive and contextualised actions: (i) individuals are multi‐dimensional and complex; (ii) identities and vulnerability are not predefined; (iii) spatial and temporal differences influence the expression of identities; (iv) materiality of ecological systems influences intersectionality; (v) power relations are central the emergence of social processes and epistemologies; and (vi) positionality plays an important role in defining risk reduction agendas and choices. This paper examines how an intersectional perspective generates pathways to address the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters beyond the 'one size fits all' approaches promoted globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision making process comprises complexity due to holistically managed requirements. Since this process has diverse effects on stakeholders as decision makers, undoubtedly, the decisions become more significant for organizations having critical decisions in today's globalized sustainable world. If these decisions influence not only providing human well‐being but also improving the quality of working life through measuring the performance of business processes, their results should be monitored more systematically. Through this viewpoint, in this paper, the applicability of ergonomics indicators, as the fundamental part of a systematic approach integrating ergonomics and sustainability to monitor and evaluate processes of organizations, is queried within a hybrid multi‐criteria perspective, including five evaluation criteria consolidated for this paper, through a designed survey by asking practitioners as potential users of such an approach. The used methods, that is, BWM and PROMETHEE, enable presenting a base study to decide which ergonomics indicators are necessary for developing a systematic approach, indicating the prioritization of these indicators to be used as candidates for the approach. Results show that 15 ergonomics indicators can be candidates for facilitating sustainable process performance measurement in ergonomics. Importantly, this paper proposes guidance in making decisions for achieving well‐managed processes in organizations through ergonomics indicators evaluated on a hybrid multi‐criteria perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the sustainable efficiency of container terminals (CTs). By the definition of United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), business sustainable development includes three domains: Economics, Environment, and Society. Accordingly, based on the definition and the practical features of CT operations, this paper assesses sustainable efficiency for CTs from three perspectives: container throughput, CO2 emissions, and occupational safety. In this paper, a modality movement and a fuzzy grey relational analysis (GRA) approach are first proposed to estimate CO2 emissions and occupational safety index for CT operators, respectively. A hybrid slacks‐based measure (SBM)‐DEA model is then developed to assess the sustainable efficiency of CT operators. Finally, the CT operators in the Port of Kaohsiung are empirically investigated to validate the research model. Based on the results, theoretical and practical implications for the management of CT operators and port authorities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new method for evaluating green growth in agriculture (GGA) based on a set of key performance indicators and a synthetic index. To this end, we used the zero unitarisation method. The objects of study were seven countries/groups of countries with the largest share in agricultural production in 2020. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: (1) Has there been any progress in fulfilling the assumptions of the green growth concept implemented in the agricultural sector of the examined countries? (2) Which countries do better, and which do worse in that respect? (3) What are the challenges respective countries need to face? In the analysed years, the mean GGA index increased from 0.3287 to 0.3342, which means that the overall level of 'greening' in agriculture grew insignificantly. Out of the seven analysed countries/regions, China did the best in handling the challenges of GGA, while India did the worst. The paper discusses the reasons for this state of affairs, simultaneously making recommendations for improving the existing situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the agri‐food chain, while the impact of producers and consumers on sustainability has been well studied, food processing has been less explored. This position paper aims to discuss the potential of food processing to address all food and nutrition security (FNS) outcomes in order to achieve improved food system sustainability. First, FNS dimensions and the four pillars of agro‐food industry sustainability are defined, with a focus on ultra‐processed foods. Second, the food matrix concept is developed as a new paradigm to holistically address all FNS. It is concluded that food processing should become more involved in circular food systems and bioeconomy, and that we need to relocate food production, processing, and consumption to be more aligned with regional food production specificities. For this, minimal processing to preserve food matrices should be preferred. Therefore, the strong current tendency to develop reductionist and siloed innovative solutions to improve the sustainability of food systems should be questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social Innovation has become a crucial point in discussions about the connection between agriculture and sustainability, and it can result in new actions that significantly contribute to the 2030 Agenda. Through a literature review, this article aims to analyze how SI in agriculture can contribute to achieve the social sustainable development goals. The outcomes indicated that SI can be a powerful tool to connect producers and consumers, avoiding intermediaries. The social inclusion and the notion of justice as fair distribution of gains along food chains are also highlighted as achievements in the introduction of SI organizational arrangement as short food supply chains. The SI initiatives could contribute to achieve the main social SDGs. The paper sheds light on the concept of justice and how SI could promote justice. However, the outcomes indicated a focus more on distributive justice regarding the gains promoted by SI initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of Zimbabwe's captivating tourism landscapes and cultural heritage, energy sustainability challenges loom large. The paper investigates multifaceted relationship between, three independent variables: (reforestation program and funding, invasive tree species use, efficient cookstove adoption), one mediator: (green tourism supply chain behavior) and one dependent variable: (firewood energy sustainability). A quantitative approach was employed, collecting data from 483 tourists using simple random sampling and the Krejcie and Morgan table for determining the sample size. Questionnaires were distributed via Google forms, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized for data analysis. Statistical findings indicate direct and indirect significant relationship between aforementioned variables and T‐statistics values all hypotheses were all greater than the threshold of 1.96. Ranging from a minimum of 2.515 to a maximum of 15.779. The findings pinpoint the importance of an integrated approach in Zimbabwe's tourism supply chain so as to address firewood energy sustainability and efficiency challenges stemming from costly renewables, weak policies, scarce electricity, and extensive deforestation. The study recommends tourism supply chain and policymakers to implement regulations on invasive species, offer incentives for technology adoption, practice and monitor green tourism supply chain practices within Zimbabwean tourism. The study's recommendations contribute to the ongoing discourse on fostering responsible energy practices within the tourism sector, aligning with global sustainability goals and future policy considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University‐business collaborations (UBCs) are widely recognised as a key component within the sustainability effort, yet the literature on how we articulate the value which collaborations contribute towards a wider sustainable regional development agenda remains fragmented and disorganised, lacking synthesis and cumulativeness. Based on a recognised need to critically assess the state of the field, this paper presents a systematic review of a wide body of literature that seeks to evaluate the contribution of UBCs to sustainable regional development. Using a lens of place and knowledge, 131 articles are analysed and a framework is developed based on emerging categories of localism/universalism and pluralism/sovereignty. The framework provides a basis for both navigating approaches to evaluation, as well as enabling both researchers and practitioners to engage in more constructive discussions around the challenges and opportunities when evaluating UBCs in the wider context of place‐based government agendas for sustainable regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to examine the causal effect of circular technological innovation on greenhouse gas emissions. In the study, panel data are collected from 30 advanced and emerging economies spanning more than two decades, and a recently innovated instrumental variable approach with a common factor error structure is used to analyze dynamic panel data. The results provide robust findings during sensitivity tests. We find that technological innovation in a circular economy causes a significant reduction in major greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Since the net effects of circular technological innovation translate into a reduction of emissions, this appears as a suitable tool in the fight against climate change. In addition, our study highlights the need to reinforce measures to promote circular technological innovation to influence environmental quality, compared to viewing it as an alternative approach to environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ways in which consumers' perceptions of brands' sustainable development goals (SDGs) may influence perceptions of partnership authenticity and consumer loyalty toward partnering brands. Data collected from American, French, Turkish, Chinese, and Taiwanese respondents (n = 1241) were used to study the relationships among a Mega Sport Event Organizer – the International Olympic Committee, one of its sponsors, Airbnb, and their consumers. Findings reveal that both the salience of the partners' SDGs and the degree to which their SDGs align significantly impact the partnership authenticity which, in turn, fosters brand loyalty. Salience of brands' SDGs yields stronger predictions of partnership authenticity compared to SDG‐congruity. Additionally, while collectivism strengthens the effect of partnership authenticity, its impact on sustainable development is comparatively limited. From a conceptual standpoint, the research's contributions to categorization theory are discussed. Practical implications are presented for marketers seeking to enhance the effectiveness of their sustainable development strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of renewable energy is considered as an important step toward sustainable development. In sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, institutional quality can play an essential role in encouraging investment and implementation of policies favoring renewable energy. This paper examines the role of institutional quality in the effect of renewable energy on economic growth across 25 SSA countries from 2002 to 2018. The results from the dynamic panel threshold model reveal a significant threshold effect of institutional quality on the contribution of renewable energy to economic growth. While renewable energy consumption positively contributes to economic growth, its impact is notably amplified when the institutional quality index, set at 0.304, is above the threshold. Our findings remain robust when altering institutional quality indicators. In terms of economic implications, improving overall institutional quality by promoting good political, economic, and institutional governance could significantly increase the contribution of renewable energies to economic growth in SSA countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the asymmetric effects of fossil fuels, foreign direct investment (FDI), and globalization on the ecological footprint (EFP) in Mexico from 1975 to 2020. To this end, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL), and the wavelet coherence approach are conducted. Based on the outcomes of the ARDL method, economic growth and fossil fuel consumption lead to ecological degradation, while foreign direct investment improves environmental conditions. Globalization has no impact on the environment. The NARDL approach illustrates that a positive shock to fossil fuels, FDI, and globalization degrades the environment. The wavelet coherence results emphasize the adverse environmental influence of economic growth and fossil fuels. These results imply that the Mexican government should conduct its economic expansion considering the principle of sustainable development. In this context, policymakers should propagate carbon taxes and similar instruments to promote clean energy sources that can replace fossil fuels and are compatible with sustainable development policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on legitimacy theory, this study examines the extent of corporate engagement with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) through assessing the corporate disclosure quality of SDG‐related information in a mandated setting environment, focusing on the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Based on corporate sustainability reports for 132 UAE publicly listed companies in years 2020 and 20,221, we use a scoring methodology incorporating the GRI standards related to the economic, environmental and social impacts of corporate operations. Results of the study reveal that UAE companies use mandatory sustainability reports as a legitimacy tool through a symbolic action superficially integrating SDGs targets into their corporate operations and activities. However, in year 2021 the results show that some companies act substantively by adopting substantive organizational structural changes to integrate SDGs in their business operations and reporting behavior. Unlike previous studies, the paper contributes to the literature and practice by examining the corporate disclosure quality of SDGs in a mandated setting environment. This mandatory context offers an opportunity for a comprehensive analysis of company endeavors regarding their symbolic execution aimed at projecting a surface display of commitment to SDGs, versus their substantive implementation, which leads to significant enhancements in corporate sustainability reports. The findings of this study offer valuable practical implications for regulators and policymakers regarding the implementation of mandatory sustainability reporting. While such reporting may not necessarily result in significant changes in terms of integrating SDGs targets into business strategies and operations, it could potentially lead to the adoption of "SDG‐washing" practices by companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to fill the research gap in monitoring agriculture's sustainable development in the European Union (EU) member states. The assessment used a synthetic index based on indicators related to three dimensions: economic, social and environmental. The surveys have a high practical value. Not only did they reveal differences between member states regarding agricultural sustainability, but they also captured the areas of utmost attention to particular countries. The countries were classified into four groups based on the synthetic measure. Member states with the highest level of sustainability in the agricultural sector were Austria, Estonia, Belgium and Czechia. Study outcomes also made it possible to identify the indicators with the strongest impact on the four groups of countries. These included the area under organic farming, ammonia emission, pesticide sales, and labour productivity. Due to the differentiation of agriculture in the EU, the member states largely need to undertake measures towards sustainable development in this sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against a background of global resource shortage and climate change, there is an urgency for the construction industry to aim towards sustainable development. With the rapid development of information technology, the emergence of extended reality (XR) has provided new ideas and options for sustainable construction (SC). Such technologies are applied in research and practice of the whole construction lifecycle, which can well meet the requirements of SC. This paper presents a critical review of XR applications in SC, aiming to systematically summarize the specific uses and advantages of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) technologies. This study also examines the gap in research into the imbalance between the use of technology and the construction stages involved. Most XR applications focus on the preconstruction stage, while visualization and interactivity are the main features for further application. Through qualitative analyses, different applications of XR are introduced in stages throughout the entire lifecycle of building projects. In addition, the current challenges and limitations are presented, and several suggestions are proposed to facilitate further advancements in SC research and practice in the near future. This review provides valuable information to help stakeholders understand the advances in XR research and benefit future exploration and practice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable consumption is a growing area of research due to the climate change and environmental degradation. The present study examines a conceptual model by integrating spirituality with cultural values from Hofstede cultural dimensions theory and constructs from Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to determine sustainable consumption intention. The paper also examines the moderating role of gender. The data was gathered from 726 customers. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the main variables influencing sustainable consumption intentions. Spirituality, collectivism and long‐term orientation were found to have a positive impact on attitudes that leads to sustainable consumption intention. Thus, this study helps to improve the predictive ability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour by incorporating spirituality as a behavioural belief and collectivism and long‐term orientation as cultural dimensions. The findings show that gender has no moderating effect. The study outlines the process for converting a person's cultural values, norms, and beliefs into a purchase intention. As a result, the research offers practitioners and decision‐makers insight into how to boost intention towards sustainable consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indicators are important tools that help monitor and assess sustainability, providing crucial information for public management. This study aimed to analyze the behavior of municipalities in eastern amazon (State of Pará), through sustainability indicators that cover social, economic, environmental and basic sanitation dimensions, applying the statistical method of multivariate analysis. For the selection of indicators, a checklist of academic papers on sustainability was carried out. For the composition of the clusters, the Ward method was applied. To validate the number of groups, the Pakhira‐Bandyopadhyay‐Maulik (PBM) index was used, obtaining 2 groups for the sanitation and general dimensions, 3 for environmental and social and 7 groups for economic. In this study, it was possible to demonstrate that several municipalities have deficiencies related to access to water supply and mainly sewage collection and treatment, causing various consequences for the population, as they do not comply with the commitments of the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies sustainable development and its driving force—the linkage between financial inclusion, green finance and green growth in 14 low financial development countries (LFDCs) and 11 high financial development countries (HFDCs) from 2005 to 2019. Bayesian regression results show that when green finance is not taken into account, the probabilities that green GDP growth positively impacts sustainable development in HFDCs and LFDCs are 58.31% and 61.06%, respectively. The probability that financial inclusion positively impacts sustainable development in HFDCs is 88.34% and it is 100% in LFDCs. The interaction between green finance and financial inclusion positively impacts sustainable development in both groups of countries. In addition, this article also provides evidence that the rate of urbanization and trade openness positively affect sustainable development. In contrast, the rate of inflation and the population growth rate impact sustainable development negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the high incidence of extreme events, it is important to examine how the occurrence of natural disasters influences long‐term sustainable development. We give evidence from the changing process of innovation. Using data from OECD countries from 1985 to 2018, we conclude that environmental threats from the occurrence of natural disasters drive countries to pay more attention to sustainable development and promote the change of innovation type from traditional to green innovation. Moreover, for different types of natural disasters, volcanic activities, landslides, and floods show a positive influence, while epidemics dampen it. Based on the sub‐sample analysis, this impact is more pronounced in countries with high levels of economic development, oil exports and right‐wing parties in power. Furthermore, renewable energy consumption acts as a positive moderator, while the moderating effects of government efficiency, corruption and globalization are inhibiting. Our paper provides new insights into natural disaster economics and sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of intensified climate change and resource scarcity, the impact of water risk on corporate sustainable operation is increasingly prominent; firms must not only be aware of corporate water risks but also take actions in its comprehensive management. For the purpose of integrating literature on corporate water risk and to find research deficiencies and point out future research directions, based on the definition of corporate water risk proposed by the Carbon Disclosure Project, bibliometrics was performed to study the research focus, research hotspots, and research trends in this field by using CITESPACE software. Results showed: (1) researches mainly focus on corporate adaptation under climate change, and corporate environmental management and social responsibility; (2) research hotspots include corporate performance under climate change, supply chain sustainability under water scarcity, environmental regulation and firm performance, environmental strategy and stakeholder management, and so forth; (3) research focuses have gradually changed from the study of corporate behavior under regulatory policies to the physical risk management under climate change, until the comprehensive corporate water risk management. Based on the relationships between water and firms, this paper discussed sources, impact and theories of corporate water risk, and further proposed a new research perspective of value chain. This work not only helps researches understand corporate water risk and further study on it, but also helps enterprises be aware of corporate water risk so as to take actions to deal with it and achieve corporate sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the relationships between climate change and the concept of a circular economy, outlining the need for synergies within a company's context. It reports on a bibliometric analysis of the relations between climate change and circular economy, and it provides evidence and assessments based on a sample of 11 large companies in the chemical industry. The results show that there is a concern in the academic literature to discuss circular economy efforts to combat climate change, reduce carbon emissions, strengthen the supply chain, assess the life cycle of products, their environmental impact, and waste management, and identify barriers to implementing the circular economy. In addition, there is a close association between the CE concept and tackling climate change in how organisations report their practices to the stakeholders, in considering concepts of recycling, reusing, adopting renewable energy, seeking resource efficiency, and rethinking strategies. The study concludes by providing some suggestions that may assist companies in intensifying their efforts to reduce their carbon footprint, combining them with more circular business models. Efforts from interested stakeholders must focus on defining CE in a more detailed manner, as well as its implementation at the different stages of production and consumption, especially in operations for which no uniform approach or common practice can be established. In this context, implications for positive social and environmental impacts by promoting a faster and more proactive climate transition in the chemical sector are presented. The novelty of this paper relies on the fact that it advances knowledge on matters related to the circular economy under a climate change context, identifying current trends and suggesting some measures which may optimise current business practices of the chemical sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines corporate governance's influence on corporate Sustainability in South Asian firms. Recent developments in social injustice, environmental issues and economic turmoil in South Asian countries have motivated the authors. The study used the GMM unbalanced panel data estimation on top South Asian listed firms. The time‐period of the sample taken is of ten years (2012–2022). This study reveals that among South Asian nations, companies listed in the Indian and Bangladesh stock markets have a high percentage of sustainability disclosure reporting. The study's findings show that Board size, independence, and qualification positively impact environmental sustainability reporting performance. In contrast, CEO Duality significantly negatively influences social, environmental, and economic sustainability. The study has implications for the companies and policymakers of South Asian countries and encouraged the firms to restructure the board to enhance its effectiveness to monitor better and support all aspects of corporate sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the concepts of value cocreations may relate to airlines' overall impressions by using a mediation‐moderation examination. This study theorized the integrated concepts of first‐order and second‐order analysis of competition strategy and various means of innovation linkage. The proposed model also structured the moderating roles of empowering leadership in linking the process of innovation development. Multisource data were collected from 465 employees who work in airline firms. The results showed that decision participation, sustainability knowledge and innovation mediate the relationship between value cocreation and overall impression. Furthermore, the moderating role of empowering leadership strengthens the different relationships of innovation development. Managerial and theoretical implications are also proposed for future theoretical developments and empirical improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business schools are crucial to integrating sustainable development into management thought and practices, thereby promoting a paradigm shift toward responsible management education. Despite many business schools pledging to adopt the United Nations' Principles for Responsible Management Education, they have been criticized for failing to develop change agents toward sustainability. To fill this gap, this paper demonstrates how interdisciplinarity can be connected to responsible management education through critical and instrumental perspectives. To this end, we apply an interdisciplinarity model to 37 Principles for Responsible Management Education Schools' Reports, using content analysis, text‐mining, and network theory tools. As a result, our findings suggest: (i) a taxonomy of critical and instrumental interdisciplinary studies and (ii) a framework of Principles for Responsible Management Education schools engaged in critical and instrumental interdisciplinarity. The framework we develop can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for assessing how interdisciplinary can improve responsible management education in business schools. Our findings contribute to theory advancing research on the intersection of responsible management education and interdisciplinary approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of universities' commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the paper aims to analyse the factors that influence the degree of information disclosure related to the economic, social, and environmental (ESE) aspects of SDGs. Based on a content analysis of the annual and/or sustainability reports for 2021 and the websites of the top 200 universities in the Shanghai ranking, the results show that the volume of ESE disclosures at universities is associated with gender diversity in the governance team, stakeholder commitment and position in academic and environmental rankings. By taking entities that are global benchmarks, the results make practical and managerial contributions. First, they can serve as a guide to setting policy frameworks for institutions to create procedures to develop their SDG‐compliant actions. Second, the promotion of women's participation on the board and the active presence of stakeholders favour universities' information disclosure policies. Third, the results show that the efforts towards disclosure at the top universities in both academic and environmental rankings are related to legitimising their actions and meeting stakeholders' demands. In addition, this study proposes the development of an index that could help improve the ESE information disclosed by universities, which is currently low, yet some aspects of it, such as economic aspects, are barely covered but essential to ensure sustainability. Finally, the proposed indicators can also serve as a guide for governing bodies' management of SDG‐related aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the performance of European Union countries in achieving sustainable development using an assessment framework based on the 2030 Agenda. Through the application of the Spatial Sustainability Assessment Model, which integrates multi‐criteria analysis with the geographical tool QuantumGIS, European countries are classified according to the four basic dimensions of sustainability (social, economic, environmental, and institutional) organized into various sub‐dimensions, with reference to the year 2020. The results show that Northern countries have better overall sustainability performance in all dimensions except the environment. In contrast, Eastern European and Mediterranean countries perform worse, showing major weaknesses, especially in the economic and institutional dimensions, with a gap between the countries that joined the Union after 2004 and the other states. An in‐depth analysis was conducted to highlight the reasons behind these difficulties in order to give useful indications to public decision‐makers, as a tool for planning, on future choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular economy (CE) is aimed at redressing the negative impacts on the environment from linear economic models. CE should consider the economic and environmental dimensions; however, in most cases, these have been addressed separately. CE discourses have focused mainly on the environmental dimension and assumed that all material loops must be closed. Despite the calls to engage with CE, there has been extremely limited research on decision‐making for CE. The following steps were followed in the decision‐making for CE framework construction and design: (1) reviewing the literature; (2) considering economic data approaches; (3) accounting for material flows; (4) modifying the fungibility approach to focus on the environmental dimension; (5) considering environmental impacts; and, (6) selecting a decision tree format. This paper combines the economic fungibility (probability of recovery and price), environmental impacts fungibility (probability of recovery and environmental impacts) to develop the 'Decision‐making tree for circular economy' framework. The decision‐making tree for circular economy is aimed at providing guidance on which and how to close loops depending on economic considerations, environmental impact, and probability of recovery of materials. The CE decision‐making tree provides eight options to help decide which and how to close such loops, and help decide which material loops should be eliminated, closed, or remain open. Decision‐making is key to deciding which loops to close to engage with CE more efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance has increasingly become the most pressing concern for governments, social organizations, companies, and other stakeholders. Understanding macro ESG behavior can assist governments in achieving their sustainable development goals (SDGs). In this paper, we investigate whether the macro ESG index of OPEC and non‐OPEC oil‐producing countries over the period 1990–2020 exhibits mean‐reversion behavior and whether the external shocks are transient or permanent. By conducting a series of advanced panel stationarity tests, we find that the macro ESG indices of the sample countries do not exhibit mean‐reversion and that an external shock has a permanent effect. We also identifies the yearly structural breaks that occur in the sample countries and attempts to explain why. Our research suggests that governments should use policy interventions to counteract external shocks to macro ESG behavior so as to achieve sustainable development and long‐term performance stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on institutional and signaling theories, this paper investigates country‐and firm‐level impact of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on the European Union (EU) companies' decision to have sustainability reporting assured prior to the implementation of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). The dataset consists of 960 companies based in the EU and covers 2020–2022. The total number of observations equals 2880. The research focuses on SDGs‐related factors influencing companies' assurance decisions such as the countries' advancement in SDGs implementation represented by SDG SCORE and companies' efforts toward the SDGs achievement captured with SDG INDEX. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics and the fixed effects regression model for panel data. The results of the study indicate that SDGs impact companies' assurance decisions on both levels. Larger companies tend to opt for assuring their sustainability reporting more frequently, while those operating in environmentally sensitive industries display greater hesitancy in this regard. The research findings suggest adding SDGs to the wide range of factors identified in previous literature as determinants of the differences in sustainability reporting assurance. Company managers should increase their efforts to achieve the SDGs, as this might promote the use of assurance. The involvement of government agencies, national accounting and auditing associations and standard setters in the implementation of the SDGs can be useful in facilitating the transition from voluntary to mandatory implementation of assurance under the new CSRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) is one of the key theories of economic and environmentally sustainable development. Has the change in geopolitics in recent years affected the international collaboration in the study of the EKC? Based on the publications on the EKC included in the Web of Science, a case study of recent changes in China–US collaboration on the EKC is conducted to explore the impact of geopolitical changes on international collaborative research on sustainable development. The results show that (1) The EKC is a global study, and countries around the world have made more efforts, among which China, the United States, Turkey, Malaysia, England and other countries have made the most contributions in the global literature database and are the countries with the most development potential in this field. (2) International collaboration between China and the United States in this field has gradually increased, and scientific research collaboration between the two countries has increased under the influence of geopolitical conflicts, and collaboration has shown the characteristics of lasting stability. (3) China and the United States exhibit divergent international collaboration patterns, with Pakistan being China's foremost partner in this domain, while China serves as the US' primary collaborator. Furthermore, China demonstrates a significantly higher volume of independently published works compared with the United States, highlighting the strengthening of China's scientific research capabilities. The number of countries collaborating internationally with China shows a different upward trend than in the United States across the three data sets set in this paper. (4) In the field of EKC hot research, China and the United States have maintained good international partnerships with other countries, and are the preferred countries for scientific research collaboration in other countries in the world. It can be seen from this that international scientific research collaboration for sustainable development represented by the EKC has shown relative stability, and geopolitical changes have not had a significant impact on international collaborative research for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid industrialization and modernization have drastically impaired ecological sustainability and increased ecological footprint (EFP). Despite the vital relevance of renewable energy (REC) and green technological innovation (GTI), in many facets of life, the part played by these factors and their spatial spillover effects in exploring ecological sustainability in EU countries has yet to be well studied. Thus, using a spatial panel econometric technique, this research investigates the direct and spillover effects of GTI and REC on ecological sustainability in 20 selected EU nations between 1995 and 2018. First, the empirical results affirm a positive spatial connection of EFP across nations, implying that employing spatial models can provide more trustworthy results than traditional econometric approaches. Second, both GTI and REC tend to significantly promote domestic ecological sustainability. Third, the environmental quality of EU countries benefit from the high GTI, REC, and human capital of their neighboring nations. Fourth, economic growth and financial globalization (FG) have a negative and significant effect on environmental quality. Other empirical analyses indicated that the indirect effect of FG on EFP is positive and significant. With a focus on the EU countries, this paper assists policymakers in developing a comprehensive strategy for enhancing ecological responsibility via renewable energy and green technology innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Areas suffering territorial imbalances are at risk, as climate change and inherent social‐spatial vulnerabilities bring uncertainty over their capacity to achieve sustainable development. To enable policy‐makers' vision for them, the paper proposes adopting digitally‐enhanced disaster risk reduction practices which promote civic engagement and evidence‐based decision‐making. The study introduces the concept of Territorial Digital Twins (TDTs) demonstrating the potential benefits of networking distributed information resources and enabling their integration in two paradigmatic Italian inner mountain areas, which are linked to different priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR). This contribution argues the importance of complementing the technical approach with the social perspective in the development of TDTs oriented at increasing the community resilience of territorially imbalanced areas. It then illustrates the usefulness of exploiting TDTs (from photogrammetry, GIS mapping, Space Syntax analysis) to overcome the barriers to the SFDRR, and enable its effective implementation in localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Making reference to recent scholarly discussions on neoliberalism and disaster recovery, in this paper I discuss how the implemented neoliberal doctrines of governance have reinforced the existing asymmetrical power relationships between the state, international agencies and citizens. This process constitutes a major barrier to achieving sustainable recovery after the 2015 Nepal earthquake. In particular, three issues, namely the risk of disempowering local communities' capacity, lack of commitment to long‐term recovery, and commodification of the recovery process, have resulted that the recovery policy basically favours the interests of international donors, and NGOs, not those of local communities. To achieve sustainable recovery, post disaster interventions must be socially inclusive. Local affected communities should be meaningfully engaged, and that social learning and sustainability transformation should be enabled as these are key processes at the core of community resilience and of any community resilience‐building strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing community capacity towards resilience is key to reducing climate disaster risk, especially in Black immigrant communities in Canada. While there are many extreme climate change events occurring, such as hailstorms, floods, snowstorms, forest fires, droughts, and heat waves in western Canada, there is no known study that has explored resilience within sub‐Saharan African immigrant communities to climate disaster risks in western Canada. All these extreme climate change events have devastated Black populations threatening their ability to cope with disaster risks. Following a decolonial phenomenology methodological framework research approach; our study explores sub‐Saharan African immigrant communities' adaptation strategies to address climate disaster risk in western Canada. In this research, our main purpose was to investigate whether community resilience strategies implemented by the two provinces (Saskatchewan and Alberta) meet the unique needs of sub‐Saharan African Immigrants. By exploring local communities' perspectives on climate change, we highlighted the relevance of inclusivity in climate capacity building to reduce disaster risk and cope with climate change‐related disasters in the localities. Our findings revealed that personal experiences with climate change risks significantly influenced communities' strength and resilience and contributed to their resilience strategies. We view this paper as a first step in developing a community‐led climate change resilience research agenda that will have a practical application for the community in the face of climate change in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different European policies emphasise that good risk governance can only be achieved through effective communication between the different risk governance actors. It is well known, that effective risk communication should be set up as part of risk prevention and risk preparedness, long before a potentially hazardous event or process occurs. To address this issue, our paper, as part of the results of the Interreg project RiKoST, presents an exploratory study to identify what types of challenges and barriers can be recognised in risk communication related to risk prevention in South Tyrol, Italy. As a first step we identified a wide range of key actors, who, in different ways, already have or could potentially have a role in risk communication. Subsequently, we undertook 20 semi‐structured interviews with institutional actors, key informants, and practitioners. Our main findings could inform both policy recommendations and academic research to improve risk communication, acting on risk training/education and risk culture as aspects to be addressed to enhance risk governance in the prevention and preparedness phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst the growing emphasis on sustainable development, there is an emerging trend of companies actively pursuing the transition towards sustainability. This shift is driven by various factors, including heightened societal scrutiny and a greater focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations. As a result, companies are increasingly acknowledging the significance of incorporating sustainable practices into their operations to align with the expectations of the capital market. This paper investigates the association between ESG disclosures and stock price crash moderated by corporate governance (board size, independence, and gender diversity) for Saudi firms. Using a fixed effects regression method, we find that the coefficient of ESG is significant and negative (−0.0043 for NCSKEW and − 0.0006 for DUVOL) indicating a positive influence of ESG in diminishing stock price crash. The results also show that corporate governance positively and significantly moderate the ESG‐stock price crash risk. As additional analyses, we find a significant negative relationship between each aspect of ESG including social responsibility, environmental activities and governance practices and stock price crash risk. Moreover, the pandemic COVID‐19 has a dampening effect on the ESG‐stock price crash association. To ensure the validity of these conclusions, dynamic GMM models were employed to tackle any potential endogeneity issues, making the results even more robust. Our findings highlight that improving corporate sustainability positively impacts the stability of companies' stock prices. This study provides valuable insights and perspectives from the context of Saudi Arabia and offers theoretical and managerial implications that are relevant for policymakers and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent food system shocks and increasing climate change exposures highlight the urgency of strengthening food systems at different scales, including global, regional and national, to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper investigated opportunities to strengthen the translation of regional food system policy guidance to the national level in the Pacific Island region. We applied a theory‐informed, empirical study design, based on interview data. We found that inadequate regional–national translation of food system policy guidance arises from (i) competing demands on limited resources, exacerbated by challenges of financing multisectoral initiatives; (ii) often weak regional–national dialogue; and (iii) perceived tension of economic, social and environmental priorities in dominant policy paradigms. These barriers may be addressed by establishing a regional food system governance structure and accountability mechanisms as well as a paradigm shift to balance focus between food system priorities. Current drives to implement National Food System Transformation Pathways may provide necessary impetus to realise these opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between form and function has long been a point of debate in the design community. Particularly, the famous principle 'form follows function' has been a focal point of such discussions. Since its introduction, many studies have been undertaken by theorists and practitioners to challenge or disprove this injunction. Furthermore, from the modern perspective of sustainability which has attracted global attention over the past few decades, there is a crucial link between design and sustainability. That is, poor designs, generally, lead to poor products which contribute to environmental and economic degradation. Consequently, understanding the relationship between form and function in design could contribute to a more sustainable environment. In this paper, first, we explore the views of some influential figures of the twentieth century's industrial design on this essentially philosophical, yet practically crucial, axiom of modernism. Then, we propose a design process model for aesthetic‐sustainable industrial design drawing on a theory of design aesthetics and the principles of circular design. This model integrates a circular design module into the industrial designer's theory of aesthetics to complement the design process in terms of sustainability. The proposed design process model could help designers establish an appropriate relationship between the form and the intended function of a product to contribute to lowering its environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high‐quality green transition is essential to achieving sustainable and coordinated global development. In this paper, a new method of two‐step geometric average is proposed to measure green transition, and a comprehensive framework on the relationship between sustainability and coordination via the propelling force of green transition is constructed at both the national and provincial levels. In addition, the mediating effect model and the threshold model are employed to empirically verify the mechanisms and influences. According to the results, green transition can contribute to regional economic growth at national level and to the coordinated development of regional economies at provincial level in China. Meanwhile, the non‐linear 'U‐shaped' relationships between green transition and regional economy are demonstrated in Asia and the eastern region of China, and spillover effect of technological innovation can indirectly promote regional development. In addition, the heterogeneity effect of green transition fully releases the dividend of economic quality and environmental governance capacity, promoting the coordinated development of regional economies. In the meantime, the driving force of green transition on regional economy is dependent on the external environment, particularly before and after the outbreak of COVID‐19, when its impact has altered substantially. Therefore, it is necessary to promote green transition via greater technological innovation efficiency, and then to restore the vitality of regional economic development; which could provide policy makers and professionals in the regional economy with information for enhancing sustainable and coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After decades of offshoring their manufacturing activities, an increasing number of companies are revising their location strategies and implementing reshoring decisions, including backshoring (relocation in the home country) and nearshoring (relocation in the home region) alternatives. It has been recognized that reshoring strategies are consistent with the sustainable production approach, since they allow companies to produce goods in a manner that is socially beneficial, economically viable, and environmentally less harmful over the whole life cycle of those goods. Additionally, there are early indications that reshoring can also promote and support sustainable consumption approaches. Consequently, reshoring has a wide range of impacts in both the home and the host countries, also in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). However, this topic has received little attention in the extant reshoring literature. This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion by adopting a two‐step approach. Initially, we analyze the very few contributions available on this topic; then, we identify and discuss which of the 17 SDGs are impacted by reshoring decisions at both the home and the host country level. It emerges that reshoring decisions have several and differentiated impacts in terms of SDGs. In general, these impacts are positive for home countries and negative for host ones. For this reason, a trade‐off emerges when a single relocation decision is taken and implemented. Based on this evidence, implications for scholars, managers and policy makers are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]