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2. Sectional anatomy of the abducens nerve: according to 3D-SPACE magnetic resonance sequences correlated with cryosectional specimens

Author

Shutao Liu, Shuwei Liu, Xiangtao Lin, Lei Feng, Zhonghe Zhang, Haitao Ge, Changhu Liang, Yuchun Tang, Chao Li, Cheng Liu, and Bo Sun

Subjects
Adult, Cryopreservation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, equipment and supplies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Healthy Volunteers, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Sectional Anatomy, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Abducens Nerve, 3d space, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Surgery, business, human activities, Abducens nerve
Abstract

To identify and justify the best section to reveal each segment of the abducens nerve according to 3D-SPACE magnetic resonance sequences and correlate with cryosectional specimens.Thirty-four healthy adults were recruited for MRI using a 3D-SPACE sequence. Eighteen adult head specimens were cut into serial transverse, sagittal and coronal section using an electric band saw after the specimens were frozen. The MRI characteristics and the anatomical features of the abducens nerve were analyzed by correlation with the cryosection.We divided the abducens nerve into five segments, the cisternal segment, Dorello canal (DC) segment, cavernous sinus (CS) segment, superior orbital fissure (SOF) segment and intraorbital segment. In the transverse sections, the detection rates for the cisternal and Dorello canal segments of the abducens nerve were 97.06 and 94.12 %, respectively, on 3D-SPACE MR images. In the sagittal section of the frozen specimens, only the cisternal segment of the abducens nerve could be observed, and its detection rate was 51.50 %. In the coronal section, the CS segment of the abducens nerve was located inferior lateral to the ICA as well as, inferior to the oculomotor and trochlear nerves, and the detection rate of the CS segment was 42.60 % on 3D-SPACE MR images.3D-SPACE sequence MR scanning was a useful method for observing the cisternal and DC segment of the abducens nerve in a transverse section, observing the cisternal segment in a sagittal section and observing the CS segment in a coronal section.

Published
2015

3. The Visible Human Projects in Korea and China with improved images and diverse applications

Author

Shuwei Liu, Lin Yuan, Min Suk Chung, Jingxing Dai, Dong Sun Shin, and Rongmei Qu

Subjects
Adult, Male, China, Computer processing, Stereoscopy, computer.software_genre, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, law.invention, Young Adult, law, Cadaver, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Medicine, Computer Simulation, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Korea, Education, Medical, Multimedia, business.industry, Photography, Infant, Visible Human Projects, Middle Aged, Clinical Practice, Three dimensional imaging, Female, Surgery, Anatomy, business, computer, Strengths and weaknesses
Abstract

The Visible Human Projects, which were launched in the United States, have also been developed in Korea and China during the past decade. This article includes the new trials to promote a variety of their applications. In a Korean laboratory, whole bodies of two cadavers were serially sectioned (Visible Korean), while two Chinese institutes have sectioned nine cadavers (Chinese Visible Human and Virtual Chinese Human). For acquiring sectioned images and stereoscopic models of better quality, appropriate cadavers were chosen; equipments and techniques for embedding, sectioning, photography, and computer processing were continuously improved in the two countries. To facilitate the research, Korean and Chinese scientists have visited each other. The sectioned images with thinner intervals (0.2 mm or less) and higher resolution were obtained. From the advanced data, the segmented images of comprehensive structures were prepared to construct three-dimensional models. Then, cross-sectional images and models were offered for medical education and clinical practice such as electronic anatomy atlas and virtual lumbar puncture. Every project has its strengths and weaknesses with regard to the image data; users in the world can choose the project that best suits their needs.

Published
2012

4. Platform presentations

Author

Jaime Pereda, Gen Niimi, Jagat Mohini Kaul, Sabita Mishra, Babita Pangtey, Daniele Peri, Vincenza Cannella, Giovanni Peri, A. Valentino, Francesco Li Volsi, Rosaria Lo Verde, E. Russo, A. Sciuto, Annalisa Sunseri, Giuseppe Modica, Gianpiero Gravante, Seok Ling Ong, Matthew Metcalfe, David Lloyd, Ashley Dennison, Veronica Macchi, Andrea Porzionato, Anna Parenti, Raffaele De Caro, Kawthar I. F. Al-Harmni, Zohair I. F. Rahemo, Hussain I. A. Al-Khan, Vedat Bakan, Gulen Demirpolat, Mahmut Bozkurt, Yakup Gumusalan, Niyazi Acer, Mehmet Demir, Hulusi Taskoparan, Akcan Akkaya, Birdal Yildirim, Mehmet Camurdanoglu, Gul Guven, Hilmi Ozden, Sahin Kabay, Cengiz Ustuner, Dilek Burukoglu, Derya Ustuner, Irfan Degirmenci, Fahrettin Akyuz, Neslihan Tekin, Fulya Kucuk, Firdevs Gurer, M. Cengiz Ustuner, Davut Ozbag, Mesut Ozkaya, Harun Ciralik, Fatma Inanc Tolun, Fatih Yuzbasioglu, Seda Arslan, Ghazaleh Moshkdanian, Fatemeh Pouya, Amirmahdi Nematollahi-Mahani, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani, Ralph Ger, Jeremy Nikfarjam, Kathy Dooley, Shuwei Liu, Zhenping Li, Xiangtao Lin, Haiwei Meng, Cheng Liu, Lei Feng, Min Suk Chung, Dong Sun Shin, Eric Havet, Anne-Claire Dujardin, Fabrice Duparc, Pierre Freger, Anitha Oommen, Christoph Stosch, Jürgen Koebke, Stefan Herzig, Adam Jqbal, Paul Gazzani, Tim Rattay, Birgit Fruhstorfer, Anil Vohrah, Richard M. Wellings, Stephen Brydges, Gregory R. Smith, Jamie Roebuck, Peter H. Abrahams, Vaclav Baca, Michal Otcenasek, Filip Svatos, Tereza Smrzova, Robert Grill, David Kachlik, Jan Skubal, Valer Dzupa, Alena Doubkova, Ivo Klepacek, Josef Stingl, Muddathir Ali, Yahya Bedir, Günther Weber, Karim Malek, Amos Patrick, Brent Rochambeau, Phil Knickelbein, Da-Yae Choi, Mi-Sun Hur, Kwan-Hyun Youn, Kyung-Seok Hu, Hee-Jin Kim, Fadullah Aksoy, Yavuz Selim Yildirim, Orhan Ozturan, Hurtan Acar, Hasan Demirhan, Bayram Veyseller, Jean Michel Prades, Andrei Timoshenko, Alexander Asanau, Marie Gavid, Christian Martin, Benoit Ayestaray, Isabelle Auquit-Auckbur, Pierre-Yves Millez, Burcu Ercakmak, Alp Bayramoglu, Hakan Ozsoy, Deniz Demiryurek, Eray Tuccar, Keiichi Akita, Kumiko Yamaguchi, Atsuo Kato, Tomoyuki Mochizuki, Julien Beldame, Jean-Philippe Mure, Benjamin Lefebvre, David M. Lloyd, K. J. Karmand, M. G. Norwood, Aysin Kale, Ozcan Gayretli, Adnan Ozturk, Ilke Ali Gurses, Ahmet Usta, Kayihan Sahinoglu, Gokhan Kaynak, Mustafa Bilgili, Isik Akgun, Tahir Ogut, Mehmetcan Unlu, Ibrahim Uzun, Biagio Valentino, Elvira Farina, Tomoyasu Kato, Stoyan Pavlov, Maria Grosheva, Andrey Irintchev, Doychin Angelov, Tulin Sen, Ali Firat Esmer, S. Tuna Karahan, Benoit Delas, Jean Pierre Marie, Jean Christophe Sabourin, Anna Hebda, Rachel Claire Aland, Nihal Apaydin, Alparslan Apan, Aysun Uz, Ayhan Comert, Mehmet Arslan, Halil Ibrahim Acar, Mevci Ozdemir, Alaittin Elhan, Ibrahim Tekdemir, R. Shane Tubbs, Ayhan Attar, Hasan Caglar Ugur, Zeliha Fazliogullari, Ismihan Ilknur Uysal, Ahmet Kagan Karabulut, Nadire Unver Dogan, Muzaffer Seker, Neslihan Cankara, Mehmet Ali Malas, Emine Hilal Evcil, Aysegul Firat, Mine Erbil, Figen Kaymaz, Sinan Yuruker, Semiha Sen, Mina Tadjalli, Seid Reza Ghazi, Paria Parto, Seyed Reza Ghazi, Ceren Gunenc Beser, Musturay Karcaaltincaba, H. Hamdi Celik, Ruhgun Basar, Serpil Cilingiroglu, Cemal Ozbakir, Kenan Kose, Suleyman Tuna Karahan, Gulnur Ozguner, Osman Sulak, Irwin Best, Radovan Turyna, Ismail Malkoc, Huseyin Karagoz, Bilal Firat Alp, Cemal Gundogdu, Samih Diyarbakir, Firas Ghazi, Panagiotis Karanis, Sayee Rajangam, Preetha Tilak, Rema Devi, Bita Seifi, Naeem Earfani Majd, Mehran Dorstghol, Negar Niakan, Behpour Yousefi, Nooshin Bromand, Saeed Haghighi, Majid Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Craig Daly, John Chris McGrath, Reza Ahadi, Mehrdad Bakhtiary, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Mehdi Mehdizadeh, Samideh Khoei, Mohsen Marzban, Parvin Salehinejad, Zahra Torshizi, Maryam Mohit, Nourjahan Banou Alithan, Ali Adulmanaf, Omar Abdulrahman, Seyed Adel Moallem, Bibi Ezzat Hosseini, Mohammad Afshar, Mohammad Mehdi Hasanzadeh Taheri, Javad Hami, Mohammad Hossein Davari, Saeid Kalbasi, Noroz Najafzade, Malihe Nobakht, Manoochehr Safari, Sara Asalgoo, Nahid Rahbar Roshandel, Mohamad Taghi Joghataeei, Mehrdad Bakhtiari, Farid Safar, Negin Salamat, Naeem Alboghobeish, Mahmood Hashemitabar, Mehrzad Mesbah, Ewa Biegaj, Tymon Skadorwa, Robert Kapolka, Bogdan Ciszek, Maria Piagkou, Giannoulis Piagkos, Vassiliki Kouki Aikaterini, Stergios Douvetzemis, Panagiotis Skandalakis, Sophia Anagnostopoulou, Mohamed Rashid Haffajee, Mohamed Adoobaker Ebrahim, J. W. Smith, Peter Osmotherly, Darren Rivett, Susan Mercer, Bin Yue, Dai-Soon Kwak, Yong-Seok Nam, Je-Hun Lee, U-Young Lee, Xiaochun An, Mi-Sun Lee, Seung-Ho Han, Ahmet Songur, Olcay Eser, Ozan Alkoc, Muhsin Toktas, Veli Caglar, Tuncay Kaner, Mehmet Tugrul Yilmaz, Serter Gumus, Isinman Ilknur Uysal, Yahya Paksoy, Mahinur Ulusoy, Mehmet Bulent Balioglu, Koray Savran, Gazi Zorer, Hitomi Fujishiro, Takeshi Muneta, Kenji Sato, Joël Vernois, Patrice Mertl, Bo Sun, Ge Haitao, Tang Yuchun, Zhonghe Zhang, Gaojun Teng, Hequn Geng, Taifei Yu, Umit S. Sehirli, Ural Verimli, Emel Ulupinar, Ferruh Yucel, Lia Neto, Edson Oliveira, Daniel Neto, Hugo Martins, Inácio Reis, Francisco Correia, António Goncalves Ferreira, Joana Regala, Paula Fernandes, Joana Teixeira, G. Nilufer Yonguc, M. Bulent Ozdemir, Vural Kucukatay, Melike Sahiner, Raziye Kursunluoglu, Esat Adiguzel, Ilgaz Akdogan, Yusuf Yilmaz, Melek Bor Kucukatay, Gulten Erken, M. Ayberk Kurt, Ilker M. Kafa, Murat Uysal, Sinan Bakirci, Suraj Prakash, Mahindra Kumar Anand, Meena Verma, Mohsen Basiri, Ronald Doucette, Yuchun Tang, Lingzhong Fan, Mehmet Dumlu Aydin, Canan Atalay, Sare Altas, Ednan Bayram, Bunyami Unal, Sahin Asian, Georg Feigl, Friedrich Anderhuber, Rainer Rienmuller, Jean Phillippe Guyot, Jean H. D. Fasel, Izabel Kos, Oguz Aslan Ozen, Mustafa Sarsilmaz, Gunnar Grant, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Zahra Jamali, Hamid Reza Taghipour, Yuji Owada, Mohammad Ali Khalili, Ben R. Clower, Morteza Anvari, Fatemeh Sadeghian, Farzaneh Fesahat, Seyd Mohsen Miresmaili, Bagher Pourheydar, Mohammad Taghi Joghataeei, Vahid Pirhajati, Abolfazl Faghihi, Fereshteh Mehraeen, S. Saeed Seyed Jafari, Abbas Aliaghaei, S. Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani, Vahid Sheibani, Majid Asadi, Gholam Reza Kaka, Taki Tiraihi, Karol Budohoski, Jacek Kunicki, Ulrike Pilsl, Can Pelin, Baris Ozener, Ayla Kurkcuoglu, Ragiba Zagyapan, Anna Zurada, Jerzy Gielecki, Hakan Ay, Bruno Grignon, Frederic Walter, Toufik Batch, Horatiu Varlam, Iulian Iopincariu, Mehdi Benkhadra, Francois Lenfant, Pierre Trouilloud, Manuel Kastner, and Likar Rudolf

Subjects
Entrapment, business.industry, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Surgery, Anatomy, business, Radial nerve, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
Published
2009

5. Segmentation and reconstruction of hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein based on the coronal sectional anatomic dataset

Author

Yuchun Tang, Pheng-Ann Heng, Zhen Mei Zhao, Li Lou, Shuwei Liu, Zheng Ping Li, Yim-Pan Chui, and Yong Ming Xie

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Portal vein, Surgical operation, Hepatic Veins, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Cadaver, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Medical imaging, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Segmentation, Anatomy, Cross-Sectional, Portal Vein, business.industry, 3D reconstruction, Anatomy, Coronal plane, Hepatic veins, cardiovascular system, Surgery, Hepatic portal vein, Radiology, business
Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of intrahepatic vessels is very useful in visualizing the complex anatomy of hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein. It also provides a 3D anatomic basis for diagnostic imaging and surgical operation on the liver. In the present study, we built a 3D digitized model of hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein based on the coronal sectional anatomic dataset of the liver. The dataset was obtained using the digital freezing milling technique. The pre-reconstructed structures were identified and extracted, and then were segmented by the method of manual intervention. The digitized model of hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein was established using 3D medical visualization software. This model facilitated a continuous and dynamic displaying of the hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein at different orientations, which demonstrated the complicated relationship of adjacent hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein realistically in the 3D space. This study indicated that high-quality 2D images, precise data segmentation, and suitable 3D reconstruction methods ensured the reality and accuracy of the digital visualized model of hepatic veins and intrahepatic portal vein.

Published
2009

6. Sectional anatomy of the adrenal gland in the coronal plane

Author

Zhen Ping Li, Shuwei Liu, Xiang Tao Lin, Zhen Mei Zhao, Shi Zhen Zhong, Li Lou, Yuchun Tang, and Gang Ma

Subjects
Adult, Male, Radiography, Abdominal, China, Adolescent, Radiography, Contrast Media, Inferior vena cava, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Cadaver, Abdomen, Adrenal Glands, Medical Illustration, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Medicine, Body Weights and Measures, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Multislice, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Adrenal gland, Magnetic resonance imaging, Anatomy, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Spiral computed tomography, Radiographic Image Enhancement, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine.vein, Coronal plane, Female, Surgery, business, Tomography, Spiral Computed
Abstract

To provide practical anatomic data for the imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment of adrenal disease, we investigated the anatomy of the adrenal gland and its relationships to regional structures using 31 sets of serial coronal sections of upper abdomen of Chinese adult cadavers and correlated coronal magnetic resonance (MR) images of ten upper abdomens of adult healthy volunteers and coronal reconstructed multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) images of five patients without lesions in the adrenal gland. The adrenal glands were visualized mainly on the successive coronal sections between 18 mm anterior to the posterior margin of inferior vena cava and 24 mm posterior to the posterior margin of inferior vena cava. In general, the left adrenal gland was visualized two sections earlier than the right adrenal gland. On the plane through the anterior parts of bilateral renal hili (A18), the appearance rate of bilateral adrenal glands was 100%, and the maximal measurements of bilateral adrenal glands were visualized. The length, width, thickness of right adrenal body, thickness of medial limb and lateral limb were, respectively, 34.02 +/- 2.12 mm, 10.91 +/- 0.89 mm, 5.82 +/- 0.26 mm, 2.78 +/- 0.08 mm, 2.62 +/- 0.06 mm, whereas the measurements of left adrenal gland were 28.31 +/- 2.46 mm, 18.40 +/- 1.06 mm, 6.84 +/- 0.24 mm, 3.02 +/- 0.08 mm, 2.86 +/- 0.07 mm, respectively. The coronal plane has superior advantage in showing the bilateral adrenal glands. The shapes of adrenal glands are various, whereas the range of adrenal thickness is quite narrow. The thickness of adrenal medial and lateral limbs, especially the thickness of lateral limb are useful for the diagnosis of the bilateral adrenocortical disease.

Published
2008

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