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The sectioned images of a male’s whole body were used for making the four learning tools: the first tool to show the sectioned and color-filled images; the second tool to show surface models of individual structures; the third tool to show a volume model that was continuously peeled; the fourth tool to show a volume model that was freely sectioned. This study was intended to propose the possible learning effects of the four tools. The fourth tool that was recently developed to facilitate oblique sectioning and rotation of the volume model in real time. The four learning tools had their own characteristics, so that they could be separately used for specific achievements. Further, the combination of the tools based on the same raw data may result in a synergic effect. All the tools can be downloaded from the Visible Korean homepage (anatomy.co.kr) gratis. With the four learning tools, students may experience virtual dissection simulation regardless of the place, time, or economic status. Such free learning tools and commercial learning tools need to be improved to compensate and compete with each other.

The pons is covered by a rich venous network offering numerous vascular landmarks in MRI and during surgery. We present an original study of the veins as they appear on MR multiplanar scans after gadolinium IV injection. This prospective study is based on 40 consecutive patients with normal posterior fossa structures. One of the major venous collectors follows the pons: the superior petrosal v. was identified on MRI in 95% of our cases. Its hooklike extremity drains into the superior petrosal sinus. The inferior petrosal v. was never identifiable. The superficial pontine venous network are identified in 72.5% of cases in the axial plane and were organised in longitudinal and transverse collectors, whose MR aspects are presented here.

MRI in combination with three-dimensional reconstruction is pre-eminently suitable for the study of the human musculoskeletal system in vivo in an accurate and detailed way. MRI provides the possibility of studying superficial as well as deep muscles under tension in the living state. Bones, muscles, tendons and adipose tissue are clearly visible. Parts can also be distinguished within a muscle. After reconstruction of the 2-D images the geometry of the muscles and muscle parts can be visualized from different angles. This leads to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics and functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system of the human body. In this paper the morphology of the muscles around the hip was studied in three subjects in vivo on the basis of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of two-dimensional (2-D) MR images.

MRI in combination with three-dimensional reconstruction is pre-eminently suitable for the study of the human musculoskeletal system in vivo in an accurate and detailed way. MRI provides the possibility of studying superficial as well as deep muscles under tension in the living state. Bones, muscles, tendons and adipose tissue are clearly visible. Parts can also be distinguished within a muscle. After reconstruction of the 2-D images the geometry of the muscles and muscle parts can be visualized from different angles. This leads to a deeper understanding of the biomechanics and functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system of the human body. In this paper the morphology of the muscles around the hip was studied in three subjects in vivo on the basis of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of two-dimensional (2-D) MR images.

Frozen knee joints from cadavers were cut into 7 mm slices. The anatomical structures of representative slices were described in detail in order to provide us with information of the topography of the anatomical structures as possible. The detailed description is thought to be helpful for the interpretation of MR images of the knee joint.