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Nanomaterials can be employed in various medicinal industries because of their unique characteristics versus bulk materials. Nanosized particles of Titanium dioxide were fabricated using the laser irradiation technique in this work. After production, the physical properties of Titanium dioxide were identified by Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray diffraction, FTIR, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Regarding TEM micrographs with various laser energies, the nanoparticles exhibit a spherical appearance, with average diameters ranging from 19 nm to 26 nm based on the laser energy. X-ray diffraction results from combined Anatase and Rutile crystal structures in the prepared nanoparticles to indicate the production of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The FTIR analysis showed that the O-Ti-O mode includes a peak at approximately 480–550 cm − 1 . In this study, the antibacterial efficacy of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as anticancer assay against prostate cancer cell line (PC-3 cells). The result shows that the effectiveness of prepared nanoparticles against S. aureus is more significant than that in E. coli, and the findings indicate the ability of prepared nanoparticles as an antiproliferative agent against PC-3 cells. In conclusion, the prepared nanoparticles could be used as a future strategy for further biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) are synthesized by laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) with wavelength 532 nm (second harmonic Nd:YAG laser) at different laser energies 360, 660, and 800 mJ with 200 pulses and an electric coil is used to generate a magnetic field. The resulting nanosolution was deposited on the previously prepared PS. The morphological and structural properties of the prepared substrates (Pd NPs/PS) are calculated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Their results showed that with the increase in the energy of laser pulse, the average particle size was 30.73, 22.60, and 18.01 nm. Optical properties of Photoluminescence (PL) spectra show decrease of energy band gap at 2.38, 2.43, and 2.47 eV with an increase in the energy. The sensitivity of application samples Pd NPs/PS/Si gas sensors for NO2 and H2S gas was also investigated with respect to temperature variations. Pd NPs/PS/Si gas sensors have a maximum sensitivity of NO2 gas around 52.6% at 2 5 ∘ C for sample prepared at energy 360 mJ but the highest sensitivity of H2S gas was 31.2% at 2 5 ∘ C for energy of 660 mJ. The effects of the operating temperature on reaction and recovery durations for various laser ablation energies are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MPs) capped with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were prepared by a hydrothermal method, and their antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Psudomonas aeruginosa. The functionalized NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry (TG). The average size of the Fe3O4 was in the range 9–20 nm, while the functionalized PEG–Fe3O4 had an average size of 5–15 nm. The PEG–Fe3O4 exhibited superparamagnetism and high saturation magnetization at room temperature. The antibacterial activity of the Fe3O4 and PEG–Fe3O4 were evaluated against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa using the agar well diffusion method. The changes in the morphology of the studied bacterial species were observed via SEM, while the mode of action of the studied agents was determined via the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using Acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) staining method. The results showed that PEG-functionalized magnetic (Fe3O4) NPs as a novel DNA-mediated antibacterial agent. The PEG–Fe3O4 NPs were observed to destroy the bacterial cells by permeating the bacterial nucleic acid and cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in the loss of cell-wall integrity, nucleic acid damage, and increased cell-wall permeability. The PEG–Fe3O4 NPs could serve as a potential antibacterial agent in future biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]