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Microwave PECVD with vapours of tetramethyldisiloxane and oxygen was used to deposit transparent organosilicone coatings on PMMA. The ratio of tetramethyldisiloxane to oxygen within the plasma has a large influence on the chemical and physical properties of the deposited coatings. The oxygen flow rate was varied during deposition so as to deposit a chemically graded coating. Grading offers the ability to change the chemical and mechanical properties of a coating from the substrate to the surface. Coatings with constant oxygen flow rate were compared to those with oxygen varied in an exponential-like increase, a linear increase and a logarithmic-like increase during deposition. Additionally, a linear increase in power level during deposition was also explored. The coatings were characterised via their stress levels, refractive index and adhesion to PMMA. Abrasion and durability performance were also determined, via the steelwool test, salt water boil test and stress to craze test. It was found that the rate of grading significantly influenced the stress and performance of the coating. For enhanced coating performance, in all tests, an exponential-like increase of oxygen was shown to be best. Industrially, these coatings are relevant to the aviation and automotive industries as protective coatings on plastic windows or lenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Coated layers of biologically active molecules on synthetic biomaterials and biomedical devices can promote a variety of desirable biological reactions by the host body or the biological medium, such as cell and tissue attachment or deterring bacterial biofilm formation. Such coated layers should be immobilised covalently in order to avoid competitive displacement phenomena, and the use of surface-activating plasmas or plasma polymer interlayers with suitable chemical surface groups has proved to be very convenient means of grafting bioactive molecules onto solid materials surfaces. We review selected work on the covalent immobilisation of proteins and peptides onto solid biomaterial surfaces and describe efforts towards plasma methods that allow biomolecules to be covalently captured in a single step. After reviewing a number of approaches, we discuss in more detail the use of plasma polymer interlayers that possess aldehyde or epoxide surface groups; these groups react readily with amine groups on proteins and peptides without undesirable side reactions, and avoid other issues such as crosslinking. We also emphasise the importance of detailed surface analysis to verify that covalent grafting has indeed taken place, and to assess the surface density of grafted molecules. With suitably chosen peptides or proteins, such covalently grafted layers can support the surface attachment of delicate cells, or combat bacterial biofilm formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]