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This paper investigates the influence of cyclic preloading on the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams rehabilitated with near surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement. The study includes eight RC beams with dimensions of 152.4 × 152.4 × 1,521 mm. Strengthened and nonstrengthened specimens were tested under monotonic loading to obtain the flexural static capacity. Two strengthened specimens were tested as a reference under constant amplitude cyclic stress without prefatiguing. Four nonrehabilitated RC beams were prefatigued to simulate service loading conditions. Later, these RC beams were rehabilitated with NSM CFRP reinforcement and tested under the same cyclic stress range of the reference specimens. Mid‐span deflection, strain of tension steel rebars and CFRP rods, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation were analyzed and evaluated. Experimental results show that the rehabilitated prefatigued RC beams had similar stiffness degradation and failure modes to the reference strengthened RC beams. The rehabilitated RC beams had an improvement in the fatigue responses when compared to the reference strengthened RC beams. Moreover, the postfatigue monotonic behavior of the rehabilitated RC beams showed an increase in the elastic modulus and a decrease in ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]