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The article presents the scientometics and its specific methods and indicators applicable to the evaluation of scientific production and its impact. The evolution of the scientometric approach is traced out and the milestones in its development are outlined. The most important characteristics and specifics of scientometrics as a field of research are elucidated. The main information sources for scientometric analyses are presented, as well as the types of scientometric indicators with their capabilities, limitations and peculiarities in their application. The new points, trends and perspectives of scientometrics are outlined as a method of quantitative analysis and evaluation in the field of research and innovation. It is concluded that the correct and competent application of scientometrics provides ample opportunities for optimizing the science policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]