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The results of fluctophoresis series in 160 patients aged 35-75 years with chronic periodontal disease are discussed in the paper. It was shown that fluctophoresis may improve both clinical and rheographic values, as well and laser Doppler flowmetry rates because of improved microcirculation. Mildronat fluctophoresis influences myogenic regulation while nivaline acts as neurogenic vessel tone regulator. Acovegine fluctophoresis is effective in cases with neither myogenic nor neurogenic regulation disorder.

There were examined 100 people of the age from 18 to 31 years with intact dentitions and physiological byte (control group) and 65 patients of the age from 19 to 60 years with hard dental tissue defects, one- and two-sided included defects of dentitions requiring in installation of non removable dentures. Significantly different indicators in healthy persons and in persons with periodontal diseases and mastication muscles para-functions and also in patients before and after prosthetic treatment by non removable dentures were found.

Smoking appears to be one of the most significant risk factors in the development and progression of periodontal disease. Smoking is also a risk factor in the development of peripheral vascular diseases. Blood vessels in smokers are fewer and are subjected to stenosis. Clinically, it is well known that bleeding on probing, gingival exudates and redness and swelling in gingival sites of smokers are less than in non-smokers. According to previous studies, there is a relative increase in gingival blood flow immediately after smoking, while gingival blood flow itself is considerably decreased in healthy smokers in comparison with non-smokers. In this investigation, we used laser Doppler flowmetry to study gingival microcirculation in smokers with light, moderate and heavy periodontitis in comparison with non-smokers with the same diseases. Our results show, that smoking decreases gingival blood flow in smokers with periodontitis comparing to non-smokers with periodontitis. Immediately after smoking there is an increase in gingival microcirculation. In 30 minutes we observed a marked decrease in gingival blood flow in all groups, followed by gradual restoration of blood flow rate, registered before smoking. This restoration took 1.5-2 hrs in group with light periodontitis, 2 hrs in group with moderate periodontitis and more than 2 hrs in group with heavy periodontitis. We suppose, that constant changes in blood supply of periodontal tissue caused by smoking may contribute to higher prevalence and faster progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases in smokers.

The use of semiquantitative determination of parodontopathogenic microflora of parodontal pockets (PP) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cases of chronic generalized parodontitis of different severity degrees was investigated. 63 patients were examined - 6 with light parodontitis, 16 with parodontitis of middle severity and 41 with heavy parodontitis. The content of PP was studied. DNA of the main representatives of parodontopathogenic microflora was determined by PCR method.

The action of photodynamic therapy with 1% photoditasine gel upon hemo-microcirculation and oxygen exchange in periodontal disease treatment was studied. The photodynamic therapy increased capillary blood flow by 20-46% and its intensity by 18-64% that promoted trophic normalization of periodontal tissues and improved regulation mechanisms of tissue blood flow in microcirculatory system by enhancing myogenic microvessel activity that normalized tissue blood flow and reduced venous congestion in gingival tissues, increased oxygenation of gingival tissues by 21-47%, decreased the time and speed of oxygen delivery and utilization thus normalizing oxygen metabolism in periodontal tissues. According to the data of fluorescent spectroscopy in case of photodynamic therapy conducting it was established that maximum application time of 1% photoditasine gel is 8-10 minutes. Density of low intensive laser radiation in continuous regime ranged from 80 to 100 J/cm(2) depending upon inflammation severity in periodontium.

Hemodynamic indices of blood circulation in gingival tissues in health and parodontal diseases were determined basing on ultrasonic Dopplerography data on linear and volumetric blood circulation flow rate. It is shown that changes in hemodynamics of tissual blood flow in initial inflammatory diseases are moderate (linear and volumetric blood circulation flow rate came down by 22-40%). In more severe inflammation in the parodontium and in cases of parodontosis changes in hemodynamics of tissual blood flow were more pronounced (linear and volumetric blood circulation flow rate came down by 56-80%).

The results of biomechanical investigations of the central incisor having the formed root by mathematical modeling methods are presented. The centre of resistance of a tooth, the optimal horizontal forces of action and reaction were determined. The advantage of discontinuous forces due to amortization influence of periodontal ligament fluid was biomechanically proven. The recommendations which were given after experiments and mathematical modelling were used during orthodontic treatment of 30 patients (12-18 years) with anomalies of dental arches and occlusions by mechanically acting appliances and combined ones. At the end of the treatment 90.0% of the patients had physiological teeth angulation, 93.3% had the physiological torque. However using the removable single-jaw mechanically acted appliances had not lead to improvement of the first Angle-Endruce's key in 50.0% of the patients and to elimination of gaps between teeth in 23.4% of the patients.

Mathematical analysis of heart rhythm helps detect disorders in the adaptation and compensatory potential of the body patients with diseases of the periodontium which are associated with a high stress and overstrain leading to exhaustion of the regulatory mechanisms. This should be borne in mind when planning treatment of such patients.

A total of 4864 patients (2810 women and 2054 men) aged 16 to 64 with maxillofacial abnormalities and 3686 patients (2283 women and 1403 men) aged 18 to 64 with dentition defects were examined. 2624 patients aged 19 to 62 were admitted for orthodontic treatment. Experiments on 96 dogs were carried out. Pathologic changes in the periodontal tissue were detected in 3765 (77.4%) patients with maxillofacial abnormalities and in 2918 (78.8%) with dentition defects. The author considers that two major factors contribute to the pathogenesis of functional overstrain of the periodontium: change of occlusion loading of the teeth and reduced tolerance of periodontal tissues. Good results were attained in 92.7% of patients with functional overloading of the periodontium. Dog experiments demonstrated that overexercise of teeth may lead to changes in the periodontium, which are similar to tissue restructuring in orthodontic interventions. If the periodontium is weakened, an exacerbation of periodontitis develops. After stopping of functional overstrain--repair processes in the periodontal tissues of young animals, including repair of bone tissue take place.

Quantitative and qualitative changes of the function of the jaws in dentition defects and periodontal diseases were assessed. Besides dysfunction of every muscle involved, disordered relationships between antagonist and synergic muscles were revealed. Coordinated activity of maxillofacial muscles was 56.4% disordered in class I defects of dentition, 70.5% impaired in class II defects, and 83.3% disordered in class III defects.

Time course of functional hyperemia in the periodontium was studied by quantitative rheography in 99 subjects, 55 of these presenting with periodontal diseases and 43 with clinically normal periodontium. Chewing of 5 cm3 of raw carrots for 30 sec on the working side was used as a functional exercise. In normal or reduced tone of regional vessels an oscillatory process of functional hyperemia with a latent period was developing, presumably at the expense of rise of osmotic pressure of tissue fluid. In initial vasoconstriction functional hyperemia develops without latent period and oscillatory process. A similar picture is observed in periodontal diseases, but the bloodstream volume is far less.

Electromyographic examinations of subjects with partial loss of teeth caused by periodontal disease and resulting in maxillodental deformation revealed dysfunction of the masticatory, temporal, and suprasublingal muscles which augments in relation to loss of antagonistic pairs of teeth and to dentition defect class: the lesser is the number of occlusion contacts with mobile teeth, the more manifest are functional disorders.

Functional hyperemia developing in the periodontium after 30 sec chewing of a half of a standard chewing gum plate was studied by a noninvasive quantitative method. In subjects with clinically normal periodontium and normal tonic tension of the regional vessels the peak blood flow develops within the first minute of chewing and further vasomotions restore in 30 min. In changed vascular tone, particularly so in periodontal diseases, hyperemia develops persisting for at least 30 min.

Five rheoparodontographic curve types were distinguished, characterizing the severity of periodontal condition and the underlying disease. Morphologic examinations have revealed specific features of involvement of the periodontal regional hemomicrocirculation bed, leading to disorders in energy metabolism and development of circulatory and tissue hypoxia. The detected changes result in rapid progress of the pathologic process in periodontal tissues and should be paid special attention to when planning the treatment strategy.