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The article discusses the development of a numerical model to predict the exact electric current paths in the slag region of and Electro-Slag-Remelting process. The solidication of the slag at the mold is modeled using an enthalpy-porosity approach. The numerical model calculates the electric current paths exactly by choosing the less resistive way to the liquid pool or to the mold. It predicts the power generated by the system and the solidified slag thickness at the mold.

The article examines the use of a computational model to describe the fluid flow dynamics in the steel melt and mushy zone, heat transfer and solidification of the steel shell as well as the motion and entrapment of inclusion particles during the continuous casting process. The models consider the effect of the solid-liquid interface shape on the drag due to inflowing liquid into the gap between the particle and the solidification front and the effect of the particle roughness.

The article presents a study on the collision and aggregations of inclusions in slab continuous casters using a mathematical simulation. The study uses a three-dimensional mathematical model to study the distribution of inclusion in slab continuous caster. The article describes the properties of inclusion distribution and discusses the inclusion removal rate.

The article focuses on the study on the fluid flow instability in continuous thin slab casting mould. Using a full scale water model that visualizes particle images, the study revealed that jet impinging depth, circumfluence centre position and wave height of the mould are not steady and with a particular interval. Moreover, the flow pattern is said to be asymmetrical for a while and the phase differences of the centerline takes half a period.

The article investigates the effects of nozzle type and use of a swirl generator in the inlet nozzle on flow pattern in the ingot mould during the initial filling period in uphill-teeming casting method, which is used frequently in steelmaking for special steel grades. The results of tests using physical and mathematical modeling found that a divergent nozzle combined with a swirling flow generated in the nozzle could be used in the up-hill teeming process.

The article describes a numeral model that represents the long-term coherent oscillating behavior of turbulent flow fields in tundishes and moulds. The model is based on the unsteady Reynolds averaged approach of the flow equations. Unsteady flow behavior has an important role in the control and performance of the continuous casting process.

The article examines the use of the liquid sampling and hot rolling (LSHR) sampler in determining total oxygen contents in steel in both in the ladle and tundish. The total oxygen contents were determined for different steel grades: bearing steel, stainless steel 304L and 316L, DWI steel and ULC steel. The inert-gas-fusion method and the fractional-gas-analysis method were used to examine the total oxygen content.